Bečov nad Teplou

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Bečov nad Teplou
Coat of arms of Bečov nad Teplou
Bečov nad Teplou (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Karlovarský kraj
District : Karlovy Vary
Area : 1981.4511 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 5 '  N , 12 ° 50'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 5 '3 "  N , 12 ° 50' 21"  E
Height: 532  m nm
Residents : 934 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 364 64
License plate : K
traffic
Railway connection: Mariánské Lázně – Karlovy Vary
Rakovník – Bečov nad Teplou
structure
Status: city
Districts: 3
administration
Mayor : Oľga Haláková (status: 2007)
Address: Nám. 5. května 1
364 64 Bečov nad Teplou
Municipality number: 554995
Website : www. becov.cz
Location of Bečov nad Teplou in the Karlovy Vary district
map

Bečov nad Teplou (German Petschau ) is a city in Czech County Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region .

geography

The city is located in western Bohemia in the Teplá valley in the Slavkovský les nature reserve (German: Kaiserwald ). In the north are Krásný Jez ( Schönwehr ) and Vodna ( water houses ), in the east Krásné Údolí , in the southeast Měchov and Tisová , in the southwest Louka and the nature reserve Pluhův bor , in the west Starý Dvůr and in the northwest Dolní Hluboká and Krásno . Europastraße 49 runs through the village . With its Bečov Castle on a rocky spur above the Teplá, Bečov is one of the most picturesque places in the region between Karlovy Vary and Marienbad .

Community structure

The municipality Bečov nad Teplou consists of the districts Bečov nad Teplou ( Petschau ), Krásný Jez ( Nice defense ) and Vodná ( Wasserhäuseln ), at the same time also make Katastralbezirke.

history

City view from 1899
Bečov Castle and Chateau
May 5th place
Bečov chateau and castle
railway station

The Bečov / Bečov Castle was probably built in the first half of the 14th century and was first mentioned in a document in 1349. At that time it was owned by Boresch IV. Von Ossegg and Riesenburg . It probably served as a customs post at the crossroads of the roads from Elbogen to Pilsen and from Tepl to Schlackenwert . Together with the settlement underneath it formed a center of power. In 1354 Emperor Karl IV granted the brothers Boresch and Slavko von Riesenburg permission to mine gold, silver and tin in the adjacent Kaiserwald . For the year 1357 a pastor of Beechov is documented and in 1387 Beechov was designated as a town. 1399 the Lords of Riesenburg gave their subordinates the right of freedom of movement, inheritance, brewing, wood Rode- and hunting rights and freed them from the drudgery . In 1407, Beschau came to the Lords of Hasenburg , who were followed in 1411 by the Lords of Plauen . During the Hussite Wars , Bečov was besieged and burned down by the Hussite captain Jakob von Wrzessowitz . In 1482, the Bohemian King Vladislav II granted the "market place" Beschau the Elbogen town charter , the fortification rights and approved a fair.

In 1495, Bečov came to the Lord Plow von Rabenstein , who had the castle rebuilt. During their rule there was an economic boom as they promoted the tin mining. Since Kaspar Pflug von Rabenstein ( Kašpar Pluh z Rabštejna ) had led the uprising of 1547, his property was confiscated by King Ferdinand I. After that, the town and the lordship were given to the Lords of Plauen, later to the Count Schlick , in 1573 to the town of Beechov and in 1615 to the town of Schlackenwerth. In 1582, twelve people died in a flood of the Teplá and numerous houses were damaged. In 1621 a fire destroyed almost the entire city. During the Counter-Reformation there was an economic decline because the evangelical miners were not ready to convert and were expelled to Saxony. During the Thirty Years War in 1648 the castle was conquered by the Swedish general Königsmarck and badly damaged. In 1624, the Questenbergers from Thuringia acquired the Petschau. In 1722 the road towards Pilsen was built. In 1752, Bečov came to the Lords of Kaunitz . They completed the construction of the baroque palace begun by Johann Adam von Questenberg , which was built below the abandoned castle. After the great fire of 1760, they rebuilt new houses and the parish church. In 1813 Beschau was acquired by the Belgian nobleman Friedrich Beaufort-Spontin , who died in 1817. In 1829/31 the road from Karlsbad to Marienbad was expanded.

After the abolition of patrimonial Beech formed from 1850 a community in the district administration of Karlsbad . In 1872/74 Karl Alfred Beaufort-Spontin created a park with an alpine park below the castle. Since there was hardly any industrial development, economic progress was slow and the population mainly subsisted on agriculture, forestry and handicrafts. In 1899, Beschau received a railway connection and in 1903 a power station was set up in the former mill.

After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918, Bečov received the official place name Bečov . On December 1, 1930 it had 2384 inhabitants (168 of them Czechs). As a result of the Munich Agreement , it had to be ceded to the German Reich in 1938. In 1939 there were 2,158 people in Bečov. Until the end of the Second World War, the village was part of the German district of Tepl .

After the Second World War , Bečov came back to Czechoslovakia. Most of the German-speaking population was expelled . Their property was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the property of the Protestant church was liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 ; the Catholic churches in Czechoslovakia were expropriated . The castle owner Beaufort-Spont was also expropriated.

Since there was only a small number of new residents settled, numerous houses were left to decay.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1900 2308 German residents
1921 2247 including 2136 German residents
1930 2384 including 168 Czechs
1939 2156
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003 2017
Residents 1250 1138 1086 1002 976 950

Town twinning

Since 2016 there has been a town partnership with the German town of Thalheim in the Ore Mountains (Saxony).

Attractions

  • Bečov castle and chateau with St. Maurus shrine from the 13th century, originally from the Rhine-Meuse area , since 1888 in Bečov chateau.
  • The parish church of St. George was built on the site of the former fortress in the 15th century and rebuilt after a fire in 1621. After another fire in 1760, today's church was built in 1763–1767 based on a design by the master builder Franz Pöpperl. The main altar was created by T. Pistel from Teplá , the main altar painting of St. Georg the Lutitz painter J. Grimmer. The church tower, designed by the master builder Johann Schobert from Theusingen , was not built until 1885.
  • The fountain in front of the church dates from the first half of the 19th century.
  • The late Baroque parsonage was also built after the fire of 1760. The protected linden tree next to the parsonage is said to be around 300 years old.
  • The town hall, designed by the architects Josef Moik and Norbert Heydl, was built after 1760 on the site of a previous building. When it was rebuilt in 1898, it got its current appearance. In front of the town hall is a fountain from the first half of the 19th century with a gargoyle depicting a lion's head.
  • The Marian column of Maria Immaculata with the coat of arms of the Lords of Questenberg was donated by them in 1680. It was renovated in 1891 and 1995.
  • Town houses in the style of baroque and classicism
  • Jewish Cemetery
  • Botanical Garden ( Alpinum )
  • MHM motorcycle museum

tourism

Bečov is on the Euregio Egrensis long-distance cycle route .

Personalities

Sorted by year of birth

  • Joseph Labitzky (1802–1881), conductor and composer, spent his youth in Bečov
  • Anton Stöhr (1830–1906), lawyer, politician, member of the Reichsrat from his native West Bohemia
  • August Labitzky (1832–1903), composer and conductor in Karlsbad
  • Josef Zítek (1832–1909), architect and professor at the German Technical University in Prague, was involved in the restoration of the castle
  • Ludwig Pleier (* 1847 in Beschau), composer, solo cellist in the Karlovy Vary spa orchestra, music director of the spa orchestra in Merano, appointed court conductor by the Sultan of Jahore in 1893, in 1902 the Shah of Persia awarded him the medal of the Order of Lions and Suns.
  • Josef Rieber (1862–1934), priest, orientalist and canon lawyer; Rector of the Karl Ferdinand University
  • Alois Rieber (1876–1944), academic sculptor
  • Duke Heinrich Beaufort-Spontin (1880–1966), lord of the castle of Bečov and Theusing, honorary citizen of Bečov, honorary knight of the Order of Knights of Malta; Expropriated by Czechoslovakia in 1945; died in Kainach in Styria.
  • Thomas Windisch (1914–2005), composer, architect, painter, poet and pianist
  • Eduard Götzl (1921–1986), politician (SED)
  • Reinhard Edmund Steiner (1930–1991), musician, composer and music teacher

literature

in reverse order of appearance

  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 443.
  • Jan Šícha, Eva Habel, Peter Liebald, Gudrun Heissig: Odsun. The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans. Accompanying volume for the exhibition. Sudeten German Archive, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-930626-08-X .
  • Adolf Berger: An episode from the story of Beschau . In: Communications of the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia . Volume 10, Prague 1872, pp. 1–21.
  • J. Mayer: On the history of Bečov . In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Böhmen , Volume 9, Prague 1871, pp. 80–84 .

Web links

Commons : Bečov nad Teplou  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.uir.cz/obec/554995/Becov-nad-Teplou
  2. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/554995/Obec-Becov-nad-Teplou
  4. http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/554995/Obec-Becov-nad-Teplou
  5. ^ A b Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland-Lexikon (= German landscapes in the lexicon. 4). 2nd, expanded edition. Adam Kraft, Mannheim 1985, ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 , p. 342.
  6. ^ City of Bečov . territorial.de. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  7. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 15, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 673 .
  8. ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
  9. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Tepl. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. Czech population statistics
  11. Free Press, April 18, 2016
  12. http://www.historicke-moto.cz/muzea_becov_nadTeplou.html