Jenišův Újezd

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Jenišův Újezd (German Lang-Ugest , also Langugest ) is a dredged village in Okres Teplice in the Czech Republic . Its land register with an area of ​​775.4359 hectares belongs to the city of Bílina . At the place of Jenišův Újezd ​​there is today the opencast mine důl Bílina .

geography

Jenišův Újezd ​​was five kilometers northwest of Bílina at the northwestern foot of the Central Bohemian Mountains in the North Bohemian Basin . The village stretched on both sides of the Radčický creek ( Grundbach or Brucher Bach ). The Bořeň ( Borschen , 539 m) rose to the southeast, the Kaňkov ( Schauferberg , 436 m) to the south and the Červený vrch ( Rothe Berg , 366 m) to the southwest . The road from Teplice to Most ran through Jenišův Újezd . The Ústí nad Labem – Chomutov railway ran north of the village, and the nearest railway station was Břešťany .

Neighboring towns were Hrdlovka , Nová Ves, Novy Dvur and Háj u Duchcova in the north, Liptice , Ledvice and hostomice in the Northeast, Břešťany the east, Bílina, Újezd, Lázně Kyselka and Kaňkov the southeast, Želenice and Braňany in the south, Střimice, Most , Pařidla and Konobrže in the southwest, Růžodol and Mariánské Radčice in the west and Libkovice in the northwest.

history

Archaeological finds show an early settlement of the area since the Latène period . The Celtic cemetery, discovered in 1896, is one of the largest burial places of the Latène culture in Central Europe with 124 graves . Urn graves from the 2nd century BC were also found. Found.

The first written mention of the village of Hrnčíře belonging to the Osek monastery took place in 1207. In 1340, a monastery courtyard was also mentioned at Hrnčíře. The village, located at the crossroads to Dux , Brüx , Oberleutensdorf and the medieval trade routes leading via Ossegg to Saxony, probably went out during wartime.

The village of Ugest with a parish was first listed in 1352 in a papal tithe register. In 1477 Paul Kaplirz de Sulewicz left the Osek monastery to a share from Ugest. After the parish Ugest expired, the village was parish off to Ratschitz . In 1672 the Osek abbot Laurentius Scipio also acquired the other share from Ugest; thus the entire village with 22 properties belonged to the monastery. The traditions show that in addition to agriculture and fishing, viticulture and hops were also cultivated.

1742, Abbot Jerome Besnecker by Octavio Broggio in Ugest the new Church of Sts. Bartholomew erect. The residents of Preschen and Ugest asked for a locality to be set up in Ugest because the roads to Ratschitz, especially in the spring due to the wetness and flooding of the Grundbach, were barely passable. In 1808 Abbot Benedikt Venusi appointed a localist for Ugest and Preschen in Ugest. At the same time, a localist courtyard was built and a school was set up in Ugest. Ugest was a purely agricultural village until the 19th century. After a brick clay deposit was opened between Ugest, Preschen and Briesen , the Schubert stoneware factory was established in Ugest in 1816, and the Püllnaer bitter water and the Biliner Sauerbrunn were shipped in their clay jugs . In 1827 a flood of the Grundbach caused severe damage.

In 1831 the village of Ugest / Ugezd or Augezd on the Chaussee between Dux and Brüx consisted of 75 houses with 367 German-speaking residents. The elongated village on the Grundbach was divided into the locations Ober-Ugest and Unter-Ugest . The local church of St. Bartholomäus, the localist apartment and the school. In addition, there was an aristocratic Meierhof , an inn, a grinding mill , three lignite works and a Steinkrugfabrik in the village , which supplied their products for sending the Püllnaer bitter water to Brüx. The parish was in Ratschitz. In 1834 the mining of gravel coal began to produce alum and iron vitriol . On September 19, 1835, Emperor Ferdinand I visited the village. In 1843 there were 426 German-speaking residents in Ugest. In 1846, mining began on the Maximilian lignite and vitriol mine, and Czech miners began to move in as a result of mining. Ugest remained subject to Gut Ossegg until the middle of the 19th century .

After the abolition of patrimonial formed long Augezd / Jenišův Oujezd with the districts Dash / Břešťany and Briesen / Břežánky 1850 a municipality in Leitmeritzer county and judicial district Bilin . The German prefix "Lang" as well as the Czech "Jeníšův" were used to distinguish it from the village of the same name on the southern outskirts of Bilin. At that time, 436 people lived in the core town. The Lang Augezd locality was raised to a parish in 1859. The railway was built in 1860. From 1868 the village belonged to the Teplitz district and from 1896 to the Dux district . During the German War in 1866 the Prussian military occupied the village. In the 1870s, Briesen and Preschen broke away from Lang Augezd and formed their own communities. In 1875 a school house was built. In 1880 the municipality of Langugest / Jeníšův Újezd consisted of 105 houses and had 732 inhabitants. In 1896 Anton Hofmann discovered the Celtic burial ground. Two years later, the Schubert family opened a ceramics factory in addition to the stoneware factory. After the old school became too small, a new school building was built in 1899 for four-class classes. The boom in mining let Langugest continue to grow. In 1910 Langugest consisted of 153 houses with 1829 inhabitants, including the settlements Wächterhäusel, Fügnerschacht, Schlämmschacht, Auf der Heide, Beim Fuchs, Kranznerhäusel and Am Schafstall. The Oberleutensdorf power station began supplying power to Langugest in 1912 . In the 1921 census, 1378 German Bohemians and 384 Czechs were counted in Langugest . In 1927 the President Masaryk underground construction shaft was sunk between Langugest and Preschen . In 1930 there were 1988 people living in the 196 houses of the community. In 1936 a Czech citizen school was opened. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Lang-Ugest was added to the German Reich in 1938 and initially belonged to the Dux district . From May 1, 1939, the village was part of the newly formed district of Bilin . The President Masaryk-Schacht mine was renamed Konrad Henlein-Schacht during this time . In the census of May 17, 1939, the community had 1687 inhabitants. The Ignis opencast mine was opened in 1944.

After the end of the Second World War, Jenišův Újezd ​​returned to Czechoslovakia in 1945 and the German-Bohemian population was expelled . The Ignis opencast mine continued to operate under the new name důl Svoboda . In 1950 the village had grown to 219 hare and had 1210 inhabitants. In the course of the abolition of the Okres Bílina, the community Jenišův Újezd ​​was assigned to the Okres Teplice in 1961. At that time there were 1,155 people living in Jenišův Újezd's 195 houses. As a result of the decision made in 1963 to build the large opencast mine důl Maxim Gorkij , the future settlement of Jenišův Újezd, which was initially only on the edge of the opencast mine, was clear. In 1970 Jenišův Újezd ​​consisted of 197 houses in which 998 people lived. Due to the further expansion of the Maxim Gorkij mine , the liquidation of Jenišův Újezd ​​was initiated in 1972. Two years later, the resettlement of 985 residents took place in the Prague suburbs ( Pražské předměstí ) of Bílina. The Jenišův Újezd ​​community was dissolved at the end of 1975 and its corridors were added to the city of Bílina in 1976.

In 1995 the remains of a medieval settlement were discovered during shaft construction work in the western area of ​​the extinct village of Jenišův Újezd. After evaluating the excavations that were carried out up to 2000, the researchers came to the conclusion that this was the former monastery village of Hrnčíře, the exact location of which was previously unknown.

Sons and daughters of the church

literature

  • Robert Weinzierl, Ritter von Weinberg: The La Tène grave field of Langugest near Bilin in Bohemia , F. Vieweg & Son, 1899

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/658472/Jenisuv-Ujezd
  2. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Böhmen , Vol. 1 Leitmeritzer Kreis, 1833, p. 151
  3. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Bilin district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).

Coordinates: 50 ° 34 '  N , 13 ° 43'  E