Ignaz von Born

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Ignaz von Born

Ignaz Edler von Born (born December 26, 1742 in Karlsburg , Transylvania , † July 24, 1791 in Vienna ) was a mineralogist , geologist , malacologist and Freemason during the Enlightenment .

Life

Ignaz von Born was the son of an officer and mining company . When his parents died, he entered the Jesuit order in 1757 , which he left in 1762. Born subsequently studied law in Prague , then privately mining science , and in 1769 he became an assessor at the Oberstkammergrafen-Amt in Schemnitz , from 1770 at the Supreme Mint and Mining Master's Office in Prague. He was the central figure in a group of scientists who called themselves the “ learned society ” and who mainly published scientific articles. In 1776 he went to Vienna and in 1778 cataloged the mussels and snails in the natural history cabinet . He was then employed by the court chamber , made important improvements in mining and developed a new amalgamation method for separating silver and gold from ores.

Born became a member of Adam Weishaupt's Order of Illuminati under the code name Furius Camillus . In 1770 he was accepted into the Masonic lodge to the three crowned pillars in Prague, in 1781 he became a member and on March 9, 1782 master of the chair of the Viennese lodge to true harmony . As such, he accepted Angelo Soliman , Prince Liechtenstein's former “house moor”, into the box. In 1774 Born was elected a member of the Leopoldina Scholars' Academy and a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1776 he was elected a foreign member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . From 1786 he was a foreign member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences .

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was not a member of Born's lodge, but of the sister lodge Zur Charity , in which his friend Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen-Hornberg was chairman; through this the composer and conductor was admitted to the Freemasons' Union on December 14, 1784. Mozart, however, regularly visited the Viennese lodge on the true harmony and was promoted by Born on January 7, 1785 to the journeyman's degree. Born also recorded Leopold Mozart .

After the Order of Illuminati was banned by the Bavarian government in 1784, Born resigned from the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in protest.

On December 11, 1785, Emperor Joseph II issued the so-called Masonic Patent, which limited the number of lodges and required official registration of the members. As a result, Born's box became part of the collection box Zur Truth , in which Born initially acted as a master of the chair. As the tension in his lodge grew, Born resigned on September 12, 1786, and the lodge finally dissolved in April 1789.

Not only bitterness about the development of Freemasonry , but also major health problems were the cause of Born's resignation: he had contracted a serious chronic illness in a mine accident, which forced him to take strong painkillers, which in turn caused a creeping death through poisoning could have.

The opera Die Zauberflöte , which premiered on September 30, 1791, should be understood as an allegorical and popular representation of the Enlightenment ideals of Freemasonry, with Ignaz von Born as the model for the sage Sarastro. Mozart's librettist Emanuel Schikaneder was a member of the Regensburg Lodge Carl to the three keys in 1791 , after he had applied for membership in 1788.

Other people in the Born area were Aloys Blumauer , Johann Baptist von Alxinger , Joseph Franz Ratschky , Gottlieb Leon , Joseph von Retzer (1754–1824), Tobias Gebler , Johann Pezzl and Carl Leonhard Reinhold .

Initial descriptions

He is u. a. First describer of the mussel Panopea glycymeris BORN 1778.

Honors

The mineral bornite was named after Ignaz von Born around 1845. In 1975 the Ignaz-Born-Weg in Vienna- Hietzing was named after him.

Writings and works (selection)

Writings on mineralogy and geology (chronological)

  • Lithophylacium Bornianum. 2 volumes. Gerle, Prague 1772–1775.
  • Index rerum naturalium musei Caesarei Vindobonensis. Directory of the natural rarities of the Imperial and Royal Naturalien Cabinet in Vienna. Volume 1: Testacea. Kraus, Vienna 1778 (no longer published), (Reprint: sl, Nabu Press 2010, ISBN 978-1-149-41770-6 ).
  • About quickening the ores containing gold and silver, raw stones, black copper and hut food. Wappler, Vienna 1786.
  • together with Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra : Mining studies. 2 volumes. Goeschen, Leipzig 1789–1790. ( Digitized version )
  • Catalog méthodique et raisonne de la collection des fossiles de Mademoiselle Eleonore de Raab. 2 volumes. Alberti, Vienna 1790.

Pseudonymous works (chronological)

  • The state wig. Ghelen, Vienna 1773.
  • Joannis Physiophili specimen monachologiae method Linnaeana. Merz, Augsburg 1783 (German: P. Ignaz Lojola Kuttenpeitscher, from the former Society of Jesus: Latest Natural History of Monkhood. Austria (ie: Lindauer, Munich) 1783).
  • Yo. Physiophili opera. Continent Monachologiam, accusationem Physiophili, defensionem Physiophili, anatomiam monachi (Aug. Vindel. 1784).

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Ignaz von Born  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Member entry of Ignaz Edler von Born at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 7, 2016.
  2. ↑ Member entry of Ignaz Edler von Born (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 7, 2016.
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 46.
  4. ↑ a b Eugen Lennhoff, Oskar Posner, Dieter A. Binder: Internationales Freemaurer Lexikon. 5. Revised and expanded new edition of the 1932 edition, special production. Herbig Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7766-2161-3 .
personal data
SURNAME Born, Ignaz von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Born, Ignaz Edler von; Kuttenpeitscher, Ignaz Lojola; Physiophilus, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian mineralogist, geologist
DATE OF BIRTH December 26, 1742
PLACE OF BIRTH Karlsburg , Transylvania
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1791
Place of death Vienna