Ore Canal in the Freiberg northern district
The ore canal in the Freiberg northern district was a canal built in the 18th century for mining in the valley of the Freiberg Mulde in Saxony. It comprised the two successive sections of the Neck Bridge - Großschirma and Großschirma - Großvoigtsberg and an unfinished section between Großvoigtsberg and Obergruna . Ore was transported on the canal from the pits along the way to the Halsbrücke smelter upstream for further processing .
In its course there were two boat lifts , of which that of the oldest and longest in operation section - the Churprinzer Bergwerkskanal - is believed to be the oldest boat lift in the world.
The entirety of the canal - including locks and lifts - shows the outstanding role mining played in technical development in the 18th century. With its construction, the sub-areas of energy supply, water retention , ore processing and transport could be optimized at the same time , which is, as it were, testimony to a complex idea of improvement.
The ore canal in the Freiberg northern district is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Ore Mountains Mining Region .
Churprinzer mine canal
| Churprinzer mine canal | ||
 Marked canal course (from 1823) on a miles sheet from 1786 with supplements up to 1876 |
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| Data | ||
| location | Saxony , Germany | |
| source | in the area of the Halsbrücke hut in the village of the same name 50 ° 57 ′ 27 ″ N , 13 ° 20 ′ 55 ″ E |
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| muzzle | Churprinz Friedrich August Erbstollen mine in Großschirma 50 ° 58 ′ 11 ″ N , 13 ° 18 ′ 35 ″ E
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| length | 5.4 km (from 1823) | |
history
prehistory
The state mine Churprinz Friedrich August Erbstollen (also: Churprinz for short ) in Großschirma was one of the richest mines in the Freiberg district. The ore extracted here had to be transported about 5 kilometers up the valley to the hut in Halsbrücke, as smelting in the Freiberg district was concentrated there and in Muldenhütten . However, horse-drawn carriage transport was cumbersome, time-consuming and costly. The Freiberg master craftsman at the time, Johann Friedrich Mende, developed the so-called “Lower Churprinzer water supply” to increase the efficiency of ore transport, which enabled transport by barges and at the same time brought in the additional impact water required for the mine.
Construction and operation
The canal from the Halsbrücke hut to the Churprinz pit was built between 1788 and 1789.
The silver output at the Churprinz mine was around 630 kg per year, enough for around 24,400 thalers . 350 to 450 miners were employed here alone. Due to the high yield , the Mining Authority had a legitimate interest in the construction of the canal, so that in August 1788 they made 2,000 thalers available to start construction immediately.
From then on, the ore was transported using ore barges that were about 8.5 meters long, 1.6 meters wide and 0.7 meters high. These were loaded on Churprinz with 2.5 tons of ore and recycled upstream channel by two men towed , wherein a third standing on the barge stalked and it hunt. The barge transport to the hut initially took 6 to 7 hours.
In order to tow a load of 2.5 tons against the current with muscle power, the flow velocity in the canal had to be correspondingly low. This could be achieved with a very small gradient. However, the difference in height between the start and end point exceeds the easily achievable difference over the length of the run, which means that a lifting gear in the course ( ⊙ ) was necessary. This " boat lift house " went down in technical history as probably the oldest ship lift in the world. Starting from the underwater of the branch canal from the Freiberg Mulde , the barges were lifted about seven meters by means of five-fold pulley blocks attached to trolleys and then placed on the upper water of the canal section to Halsbrücke. The lifting was done by six men - i. H. the crews of two barges - executed and lasted about an hour.
The Pochwerke and Erzwäschen of Churprinz produced around 12 to 30 tons of ore concentrate per week, which corresponded to 6 to 15 barges. In addition, other pits on the canal and in the vicinity transported ore on the canal, which had to transfer around three quarters of the saved wages to the Churprinz mine as the canal operator in order to use it. These revenues were used for maintenance work, but were insufficient to cover the actual costs.
In 1822, Mendes' successor, the mining engineer and machinery director Christian Friedrich Brendel , had the section of the canal between the Churprinz mine and the Annaer weir below the confluence of the Münzbach and Freiberg Mulde on a slightly higher level. As a result, the canal could be shortened considerably, locks saved and the transport time from the pit to the hut reduced to just under 3 hours.
Suspension of ore transport
In 1868 the now economical ore transport was stopped again. The Rothschönberger Stolln , a large water solution gallery in the Freiberg district, has been under construction since 1844 . In the immediate vicinity of the boat lift house was its seventh light hole . From 1868 onwards, a large part of the water from the upper part of the canal was required to operate the machines for this light hole. Therefore, its level was increased by one cubit (= 0.57 meters) through damming . This increase in level caused a dam break on March 27, 1868, damage to other canal points and the cessation of light hole operations and ore transport. After the dam had been repaired, the ore transport was not resumed because, according to the expert opinion of the master art master Friedrich Wilhelm Schwamkrug, the new turbines in the seventh light hole required more impact water, but when passing through the damming of each barge this had to be drained to the detriment of the light hole operation. According to Schwamkrug, this reduced the output of the turbines by a quarter. The administration of the Rothschönberger Stolln was prepared to bear the additional costs of transporting ore by land, which turned out to be only minor. After almost 80 years of canal operation, ore transport was again carried out with horse-drawn vehicles.
The water from the section laid out in 1823, brought in through the canal, was used for energy generation, dewatering and ore processing until mining on Churprinz was discontinued. In 1900 mining was stopped on this mine. Ore was delivered to the Halsbrücke smelter for the last time on September 26, 1900 . The ore wagon was decorated with wreaths with mourning ribbons.
Re-use by the Großschirma cardboard factory
After mining in Churprinz was stopped in 1901, a wood grinding shop for cardboard and fiber casting was built on the former mine site near the Muldenufer - from 1912 beer coasters were made here .
The plant used the section from the Anna laundry weir to Großschirma, which was newly created in 1823, as a service water supply. For this purpose, minor modifications were made to the relevant section of the canal. For example, weir facilities ( riflemen ) were built into the Anna laundry weir , some of which have been preserved to this day. However, since high maintenance costs were incurred for the canal, the “ VEB Pappenwerk Groß-Schirma” only carried out repairs that could not be postponed. Therefore, the part of the canal between the Annaer laundry weir and the confluence of the Kleinwaltersdorfer Bach in the canal was abandoned in the 1960s. Since the service water was supplied solely through the Kleinwaltersdorfer Bach and the colliery pond in a side valley, the canal was spilled immediately behind a water cut-off in the Freiberg Mulde valley in front of the mouth of the 118 meter long canal rose. This prevented the water from penetrating against the direction of flow. Later, in GDR times, a water pipe was built from the colliery pond to the cardboard factory, some of which was laid directly in the canal.
After the August floods in 2002, the canal and the colliery pond were disconnected from any use by the then factory owner. In return, a well was built on the company premises, which from then on covered the domestic water requirement.
Channel course
History until 1823
The lower end of the canal was south of the stamping works of the Churprinz mine, not far from the west bank of the Freiberg Mulde. Then it ran about 240 meters on a dam up to 10 cubits (= 5.8 meters) wide in a southerly direction. Below the Großschirmaer mill, which received water from the canal for a grinding process and its sawmill, this was bricked. It is noteworthy that the drainage ditch was not discharged into the hollow after being combined with the ditch of the sawmill, but was fed via an artificial ditch to a stamp mill in the Churprinz pit and the water could thus be used a second time. The Dorfbach, which runs north of the mill, also crossed this ditch first, and then crossed under the higher canal before it flows into the hollow.
Up to the weir of the aforementioned mill, the canal ran embedded in the site. Immediately before the canal branched off from the weir pond, two gates made of round trees were installed at a distance of 12 meters, which only served to calm the current and not as a lifting mechanism. For the subsequent 138 meters, the backwater of the weir pond and thus the hollow was also used before the second section of the canal began west of the wash of the St. Anna pit. Here again two gates from round trees were passed, this time acting as a sluice and compensating for a height difference of 1 ⅜ Lachter (= 2.72 meters). After about 100 meters the Anna laundry was reached, the further 350 meters to the branch of this canal section at the Anna laundry weir were based on the expansion of the ditch for this laundry. Immediately in front of the branch, 2 gates were installed, which presumably also only served to calm the flow.
The backwater of this weir reached up to about 100 meters below the Münzbach and was used here over its full length. The next section of the canal followed on the opposite east bank. After about 215 meters upstream of the confluence there was a lock with two train gates, which compensated for a height difference of 47 inches (= 1.1 meters). Subsequently, the Altväterbrücke was crossed, the drainage ditch of the Rothenfurther mill was added and a lock was passed through with an unknown lifting height. On this section the canal was cut up to 8 cubits (= 4.5 meters) deep into the terrain. Another lock is said to have been above the mill in front of the branch from the hollow. The mill's impact ditch began a little further upstream, and this and the canal were provided with gates before the canal started as a branch at the weir of the Rothenfurther Mühle.
Over the next 150 meters or so, the entire backwater of this weir was probably used again, with the hollow here on its west side being deepened to 2 cubits (= 1.15 meters).
The last section of the canal was on the opposite, eastern side of the trough. Its lower end point was marked by the barge hoist, which lifted the barges 24 feet (= 6.8 meters) from the branch channel of the hollow into the channel. This was sufficient to avoid having to create any further locks up to the hut, but is not considered secured. The ditch, here an extension of the ditch to Porstmanns Eisenhammer , ran above the boat lift house , directly on the bank of the Mulden and was separated from it by a 7.3 meter high wall. After about 2.1 kilometers, directly at the amalgation plant in the smelter area, the upper end of the canal was located.
History from 1823
In 1822/23 the canal was completely rebuilt in the lower part between the end point and confluence of the Münzbach in the Mulde in order to increase the height of the water falling on Churprinz.
Christian Friedrich Brendel, who was commissioned to design improvements in the ore processing of the Churprinz mine, was already considering re-routing in 1818.
Specifically, its conversion variant included an increase in the Anna laundry weir by one cubit (0.57 m) as well as a subsequent new construction of the canal section beginning there at a higher level without locks. This resulted in a 5 cubits, 19 inches (= 3.28 m) higher position of the canal at the end point on Churprinz and a corresponding increase in the energy yield of around 12 hp . In contrast, there was a projected cost of 42,306 thalers, according to Brendel's calculations, in relation to the achievable increase in energy, nevertheless cheaper than the use of horse or steam power. A side effect of this conversion variant was the simplification and thus acceleration of the barge transport by eliminating locks, which is why it was decided to implement this variant.
Construction began at the beginning of August 1822, and by the end of the year 471 Lachter (= 940 m) canal sections had been completed. In January 1823 a total of 625 men were working on the canal. A new weir was built about 190 meters above the Anna laundry weir, which raised the water level there by 1 cubit. In order to avoid an increase in the previously existing canal in front of the Großschirma by five cubits (= 2.8 m) and thus a widening at the crown to up to 18 cubits (= 10 m), Brendel led the canal through a 59 Lachter (= 118 m) long Rösche into the valley of the Waltersbach, where it followed the course of the valley to Churprinz in a long curve to the right. Here the canal finally entered the newly constructed, 3.28 meter higher impact gully. The new section of the canal was completed in mid-October 1823, and on October 25, the artificial tools received water from the new canal for the first time. The length of the canal was now 5.35 kilometers; the actual construction costs amounted to 49,957 thalers.
In the spring of 1824 the old, dispensable canal course including locks was filled and leveled.
additional
In the first years of operation, interested parties were offered "pleasure trips" on the canal, which included lifting in the boat lift house in particular. In the following years, however, the interest steadily decreased until the trips were still occasional around 1804.
In 1838 the Saxon king and his wife visited the Halsbrücker Hütte. Then they drove on the canal to the Churprinz mine.
At the beginning of 1893 the canal froze to the bottom as a result of a severe cold period, so that it was possible to walk through the canal without danger. The operation on Churprinz had to be almost completely stopped. To clear the canal, 100 men had to work for 14 days.
remains
The section from 1823, which was used until 2002 by the - now closed - cardboard factory in Großschirma, still carries water today. It is fed by the Kleinwaltersdorfer Bach.
In front of the mouth of the canal rösche in the valley of the Freiberg Mulde it is, as mentioned above, silted up and well preserved on the section up to the Anna laundry weir , but partly silted up. At the weir there are still some gunners from the time of re-use, the beginning of the canal was partly included in a fish ladder .
The adjoining section on the right side of the hollow can be followed on the basis of the vegetation in the area, but is completely filled.
The most striking evidence of the Churprinz mine canal is the masonry of the boat lift house near Halsbrücke, which was restored in 1988 by an after-work brigade of the “VEB (B) Bergsicherung Schneeberg”.
The last, left lying the valley portion is largely Wäschsand the heap of the former pit aid overturned. In other places the subgrade was used for road construction. Only below the “Hammerbrücke” in Halsbrücke is the former canal bed, including the dam and embankment wall towards the Mulde, still visible for a short stretch.
Christbescherunger mine canal
| Christbescherunger mine canal | ||
 Marked canal course on a miles sheet from 1786 with supplements up to 1876 |
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| Data | ||
| source |
Large umbrella company 50 ° 58 ′ 13 ″ N , 13 ° 18 ′ 39 ″ E |
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| muzzle | Washing of the Christbescherung mine near Großvoigtsberg 50 ° 59 ′ 1 ″ N , 13 ° 18 ′ 8 ″ E
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| length | 3 km | |
history
Prehistory and construction
Considerations for the continuation of the Churprinzer Canal to the Christbescherung pit near Großvoigtsberg are due, among other things, to the pit's acute lack of water in 1786/87. The problem was solved by building a three-kilometer-long artificial trench from the lower stamp mill of the Churprinz mine. The artificial ditch built at that time provided an ideal basis for expanding and widening the canal. Project planning for the construction of the canal was entrusted to Markscheider Johann Friedrich Freiesleben, who, with the support of a scholarship holder from the Freiberg Bergakademie , worked out the necessary cracks and cost estimates within four weeks. On December 12, 1790, the Saxon Elector approved this project and made 7,000 thalers available for construction.
Construction work probably began as early as autumn 1790. During the winter break, the miners worked in their pits from which they were drawn for the work. At times 180 to 200 workers were employed in the construction of the canal and the boat lift near Großvoigtsberg. Since the existing artificial moat was expanded, the Christbescherunger laundry fed by it could not receive any water during construction and had to be temporarily shut down.
business
From the second quarter of Trinity 1792, ores could be transported on the canal for the first time - this is how Johann Friedrich Freileben reported it to the mining office on May 11, 1792. The use for ore transport can only be proven from the commissioning until around 1808, but not continuously, by means of documents. The reasons for the termination are not fully understood. After all, it is known that many damage impaired operations or brought them to a standstill at times. In 1831 the canal was renounced entirely. Nevertheless, the canal with its available amount of water represented a great benefit for the Christbescherung pit, so from 1835 a water column machine was used there to operate the artifacts.
course
The canal began at the stamp mills of the Churprinz mine. Beginning at a sluice right next to the loading house, a piece of canal next to the stamp mill there leads to its ditch. The height difference of about 1.34 meters corresponding to the gradient of the Pochwerk- Kunstrad was overcome with the 23 meter long and 4.5 meter wide lock. Following this, the canal ran for a short distance near the hollow secured by bank walls. The canal then ran in an arc of 830 meters within the arch of the trough to the “Schumann lock” named after the property owner there, in which the barges were raised or lowered 5 cubits (= 2.8 m). After a further 190 meters, the canal took in the water from the Churprinzer artificial wheels via a vent. Then an approximately 20 meter long rock ledge was tunneled through and immediately afterwards water was taken from the mouth of the Friedrich Erbstolln . Further on, the canal ran parallel to the hollow at some distance.
About 400 meters south of the boat lift house at the lower end of the canal begins a 3.2 meter high embankment wall that extends to the lift house.
The mentioned boat lift house formed the lower end point. The approximately three-kilometer-long canal was at this point about six meters above the level of the hollow dammed up at the Hohentanner weir. From this weir, the artificial trench branching off to the right began, leading to the Old Hope Pit , the first part of which was expanded to form a canal. The difference in height between the parts of the canal was later to be overcome by the barges from the Old Hope Pit in a lift house that was built at the end of this canal. However, it was never used because the canal extension to Obergruna was not completed.
Although the loading house of the Christbescherung pit was built on the Unterwasser , a hunt stretch was created from there in 1792 to the headwater, from which it can be assumed that it was used as an inclined plane for loading on the headwater, thus avoiding the time-consuming and personnel-intensive lifting.
particularities
Since the amount of water from the Churprinzer Canal and the upper Churprinzer Kunstgraben was probably not sufficient for navigability with boats, Mende had the mouth hole of the Anna tunnel, located about 400 meters below the stamping works on the opposite bank of the Mulden, tapped. Until then, its pit water had flowed unused into the hollow. The canal was slightly deeper than the bottom of the Stollnrösche and Mende had a culvert built through the hollow to channel the water from the Anna-Stollen directly into the canal.
remains
At the end of the 19th century, the former sewer was piped on the site of the cardboard factory. The course is only visible on the basis of inspection shafts in the area. During the GDR era, wastewater from the plant was channeled through the piped section into sewage ponds and then into the hollow. Via a mouth hole - with the year 1890 in the keystone - it reappears in front of the clearing ponds.
The following course of the canal can still be traced using the vegetation in the area. The canal bed is still clearly visible for the last 700 meters, starting from the brick-built crossing of the “Höllbach”. It runs partly through rock and secured to the hollow by up to 5 meters high dry stone walls until it ends at the boat lift house.
As with the Churprinzer Bergwerkskanal , the boat lift house is the most striking and best-preserved remnant of the Christbescherunger Bergwerkskanal . It was restored as part of a job creation measure in 1998/99 by the "Institute for the Promotion of Environmental Protection eV, Freiberg NL".
Unfinished canal extension to Obergruna
| Unfinished canal extension to Obergruna | ||
 Marked canal course on a miles sheet from 1786 with supplements up to 1876 |
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| Data | ||
| source | at the Hohentanner weir , north of the washing of the Christbescherung pit 50 ° 59 ′ 2 ″ N , 13 ° 18 ′ 9 ″ E |
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| muzzle | planned: Washing of the pit, Blessed Bergmannshoffnung 51 ° 0 ′ 10 ″ N , 13 ° 18 ′ 44 ″ E
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history
prehistory
From 1771 to 1773, under the direction of Johann Friedrich Mende, the first artifacts of the Old Hope God's Erbstolln mine were built. The wheel room was located approximately with the upper laundry. At the same time, a 2.3-kilometer-long artificial ditch was dug to bring the impact water, which was branched off on the left side of the hollow at the Hohentanner weir below the washing of the Christbescherung pit. With the installation of the underground artificial wheels, the surface artificial wheel was broken off and the course of the ditch slightly changed.
As with the Christbescherunger Bergwerkskanal, an artificial ditch and an impact water ditch formed the ideal basis for an extension or widening in the direction of the Grube Gesegnete Bergmannshoffnung .
construction
The construction work was related to that of the Christbescherunger Bergwerkskanals, as the extension to the Blessed Miner's Hope was already planned in its planning. However, the implementation of the project mainly concentrated on the first section up to the Christbescherung pit. The construction of the adjoining part was only started in sections and not completed.
The reason for the demolition of the construction was most likely the clearly declining ore production of the pits Christbescherung and Blessed Miner's Hope, which can be proven from 1793. This greatly reduced the need for transport.
course
As an extension of the existing artificial moat to the Old Hope God Erbstolln , the canal ran from the Hohentanner Weir, first on the western bank of the Mulden, parallel to the Mulde, in a north-easterly direction. About 400 meters north of the Muldenbrücke between Hohentanne and Großvoigtsberg you can see the end of the artificial ditch expansion. Up to this point the width was 2.25 meters, the width of the artificial trench after that about one meter.
It was planned that the course of the artificial moat and the canal would separate after about 1.6 kilometers. The latter should be led down a lock staircase into the weir pond of the Kleinvoigtsberger Mühle. In the preliminary negotiations for the construction, a boat lift house was also provided as a possible alternative at this point. An existing, 600-meter-long ditch branched off from the level of the weir pond, which supplied water for the Kleinvoigtsberger mill and the washing of the Alte Hope Gottes Erbstolln pit. After the planned expansion to the canal, these should continue to receive impact water via a new branch. To the north of the wash, the canal should lead into the hollow by means of a double lock, the trench south of the wash on a 3–5 cubits (= 1.7–2.8 m) high clay dam with a vertical wall of 4 cubits (= 2.3 m) ) And was 5.5 cubits wide (= 3.1 m) north of the wash. This indicates that the expansion to the canal in this area was complete. Subsequently, the backwater of the weir pond of the pit Gesegnete Bergmannshoffnung should be exploited before a last piece of canal starting at the weir should lead to the washing of the aforementioned pit and have its end point there.
remains
The course can only be guessed at for the first 800 meters or so. Only before the first impact slope on the left bank of the Mulde is the former course of the canal, carved into the rock and secured by bank walls, visible. However, parts of the walls were washed away in the 2002 flood.
The end of the expansion of the artificial trench to the canal can be seen from the abrupt change in width in the rock.
literature
- Otfried Wagenbreth : The Churprinzer Bergwerkskanal, the ship lift Rothenfurth and other shipping canals in the mining of Freiberg / Saxony . In: Manfred Jessen-Klingenberg and Jörn Meiners (eds.): Messages of the Canal Association . tape 16/17 . Rendsburg 1996, p. 15-74 .
- Otfried Wagenbreth: The Christbescherunger ship lift near Freiberg / Saxony . In: Manfred Jessen-Klingenberg and Jörn Meiners (eds.): Messages of the Canal Association . tape 22 . Rendsburg 2002, p. 147-155 .
- Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining. Technical monuments and history . Verlag für Grundstofftindustrie, Leipzig 1986, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 .
- small shipping or Kurprinzenkanal . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 2nd volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1815, p. 765 f.
Web links
- Hike along the Kurprinzer Canal from the Halsbrücker Hütte to the “Churprinz Friedrich August” pit in Großschirma
- Hike along the canal from the “Churprinz Friedrich August” mine in Großschirma to the “Christbescherung” mine in Großvoigtsberg
- Attempt to pursue the former artificial trench of the "Old Hope of God" from Großvoigtsberg to the "Blessed Miner's Hope" in Obergruna
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d The Churprinzer Bergwerkskanal and the Halsbrücker Kahnhebehaus, the first ship lift in the world - article on the website of the “Grubenarchäologische Gesellschaft”, accessed on August 20, 2010
- ^ "Hut Halsbrücke / Amalgierwerk" ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Description in the "MontE" database of the Institute for Industrial Archeology, Science and History of Technology (IWTG) of the Technical University of Bergakademie Freiberg, accessed on August 20, 2010
- ↑ a b c d e f Description of the Churprinzer Bergwerkskanals on www.unbekannter-bergbau.de , last accessed on September 21, 2011
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, p. 22.
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, p. 30.
- ↑ a b Wagenbreth 1996, p. 60.
- ↑ "Churprinz / Kunstschacht / Treibeschacht / Constantin Schacht" ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Description in the "MontE" database of the Institute for the History of Science and Technology (IWTG) at the Technical University of Freiberg, accessed on August 20, 2010
- ↑ The Parochie Großschirma with Rothenfurth. In: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Freiberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig 1901, pp. 237-238.
- ↑ Freie Presse Online : First beer coasters 1912 , accessed on September 21, 2011
- ^ Sächsische Zeitung Online : No more beer coasters from large companies , accessed on September 21, 2011
- ↑ Information about the paperboard factory at www.getraenkebetriebe.de , accessed on May 26, 2016
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, pp. 23–32.
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, pp. 48–56.
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, p. 32.
- ↑ The Parochie Großschirma with Rothenfurth. In: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Freiberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig 1901, p. 196.
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, pp. 34-38.
- ↑ a b c Description of the Christbescherunger Bergwerkskanals on www.unbekannter-bergbau.de , last accessed on October 14, 2011
- ↑ a b Wagenbreth 1996, p. 39.
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, pp. 39–43.
- ↑ Mundloch Anna-Stolln on www.montantouristik.de ( Memento of the original from January 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 25, 2010
- ↑ Kunstgraben Alte Hope Gottes Erbstolln on www.montantouristik.de ( Memento of the original from January 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 25, 2010
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, p. 37.
- ↑ Wagenbreth 1996, pp. 45-48.
Germany:
Mining landscape Altenberg – Zinnwald (with ashtrench ) |
Montanlandschaft Annaberg-Frohnau (with old town of Annaberg , Frohnauer Hammer ) |
Mining landscape Buchholz |
Medieval silver mines Dippoldiswalde |
Mining landscape Ehrenfriedersdorf |
Eibenstock mining landscape |
Mining landscape Freiberg (with old murder pit , Drei-Brüder-Schacht , ore canal , hut complex Halsbrücke , hut complex Muldenhütten , Revierwasserlaufanstalt , Rotem Graben , Rothschönberger Stolln ) |
Saigerhüttenkomplex Grünthal |
High forest mining landscape | Administrative headquarters Lauenstein |
Mining landscape Lauta | Bergstadt Marienberg | Mining landscape Pöhlberg | Mining landscape of Roter Berg |
Schindler's blue paintwork |
Montanlandschaft Schneeberg (with felt pond , old town of Schneeberg , ore processing plants Siebenschlehen , treasure trove St. Anna am Freudenstein , treasure trove Wolfgang Maaßen ) |
Mining landscape for uranium ore mining (with shaft complex 371 )
Czech Republic:
Montane cultural landscape Abertamy - Boží Dar - Horní Blatná (with mine Mauritius , Plattner artificial moat , Wolfspinge ) |
Jáchymov mountain cultural landscape (with Freudenstein Castle , Svornost mine and tunnel no. 1 ) |
Montane cultural landscape Krupka (with Krupka Castle ) |
Vrch Medník Mining Landscape |
Red Tower of Death
Map with all coordinates: 