Friedrich Wilhelm Schwamkrug

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Friedrich Wilhelm Schwamkrug (born February 20, 1808 in Schneeberg , † April 23, 1880 in Freiberg ) was a German machine designer and the last senior art master in Saxony.

Life

Schwamkrug's grave in Freiberg
Sponge jug turbine in the Chemnitz Industrial Museum

Friedrich Wilhelm Schwamkrug was a son of the Schneeberg mountain jury Christian August Schwamkrug and his wife Friederike Sophie, née Gellert. After graduating from high school in his hometown, Schwamkrug began studying at the Freiberg Mining Academy in 1826 . Subsequently, in 1830, he got a job as a mechanical engineering assistant at the Royal Smelter in Halsbrücke . In 1839 Schwamkrug was appointed machine master of the royal machine construction workshop in Halsbrücke. He was directly subordinate to the machine director Christian Friedrich Brendel .

In 1845 Schwamkrug was appointed mining authority assessor for mechanical engineering.

Schwamkrug taught mechanical engineering at the Chemnitz trade school from 1846. In 1851 he calculated the most cost-effective driving force for extraction and drainage. Just like Brendel in 1829, he proved that water power was cheaper than steam power or horse pegs.

Schwamkrug died in Freiberg in 1880 and was buried in the Donatsfriedhof .

Sponge jug turbine

Schwamkrug's greatest achievement was the invention of the turbine named after him. The slow-running constant pressure radial turbine was intended to drive artifacts and water goblets to replace the art and sweeping wheels used until then . It was more efficient than this and its working pace was adapted to the piston pump artifacts, which made less than 10 strokes per minute. In 1847 Schwamkrug constructed a turbine with a larger circumference than other turbines, but significantly smaller than water wheels of the same power. The turbine was already working with little impact water , and this amount of water only partially hit the blades. The amount of impact water and thus the speed could be regulated via flaps in the guide tube. In addition, the angle of impact of the water could be adjusted. For use as a hoisting machine (turbine cap), the sponge jug turbine was designed with double, counter-rotating blades similar to an artificial wheel.

Locations (selection)
year place application Outside / inside diameter Height of fall power comment
1846/47 5. Light hole of the Rothschönberger adit Artifacts 2.3 / 1.7 m 10.7 m (between Grave Tour and Bobritzsch ) 4.5 hp first use of the sponge jug turbine
1847 Upper new shouting, hope shaft Artifacts 2.19 / 1.7 m 29.6 m 13 hp
1850/52 overshot Churprinzer Kunstschacht Artifacts 2.5 m 42 m / 41 m second built Schwamkrug turbine, double reduction, above the Treue Sachsen Stolln
1851 Upper new shouting, hope shaft Turbinengöpel 2.19 / 1.7 m 29.6 m 13 hp
1851 5. Light hole of the Rothschönberger adit Turbinengöpel
1854 4. Light hole of the Rothschönberger adit Artifacts
1855 Ascension Treasure Trove, Thurmhofer Richtschacht Artifacts
1867/68 7. Light hole of the Rothschönberger adit 7.72 / k. At the 4.7 m 65 hp largest built sponge jug turbine
1868 Churprinz Turbinengöpel 2.94 / 2.3 m 42-47.5 m 100 hp

Honors

Schwamkrug was appointed head art master in 1855, and in 1869 he was appointed mountain ridge . Schwamkrug was a city councilor in Freiberg and was particularly committed to the construction of the city water pipe.

For his services he was awarded the Albrechts Order in 1857 and the Royal Saxon Order of Merit in 1878. His son Reinhard Schwamkrug followed in his footsteps and worked as a machine master for the consortium mines in Schneeberg. His daughter Lea was married to Prof. Albin Weisbach .

literature

  • Carl Schiffner : From the life of old Freiberg mountain students . tape 1 and 2. Mauckisch, Freiberg 1938.
  • Otfried Wagenbreth : Life and work of the Freiberg master art master Friedrich Wilhelm Schwamkrug (on the 105th anniversary of his death). In: Sächsische Heimatblätter. 1985, pp. 208-217.
  • Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler . 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 39, 56, 57-61, 176, 185, 188, 189, 193, 210, 287 .
  • Ludwig Quantz: Wasserkraftmaschinen: A guide to the introduction to the construction and calculation of modern hydropower machines and systems . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-36613-4 , pp. 80–85 ( google books - eBook of the 1st edition from 1907).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schwamkrug, Friedrich Wilhelm (1808–1880). In: Historical personalities: A selection of well-known scholars and students related to Freiberg and the Bergakademie. Bergakademie Freiberg, accessed on January 27, 2016 (short biography with photo).
  2. ^ Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler. 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 39-41 .
  3. ↑ On the history of Freiberg mining. In: tu-freiberg.de. Bergakademie Freiberg, accessed on January 27, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Waterways: The Great Grave Tour. In: unbekannter-bergbau.de. Retrieved January 27, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Otfried Wagenbreth: Hydro power machines: types and functionality, history and conditions of use . In: Christoph Ohlig (Hrsg.): Water historical research: focus on the mining sector . in memoriam Dr.-Ing. Martin Schmidt (=  writings of the German Water History Society (DWhG) eV ). tape 3 . BoD, Siegburg 2003, ISBN 978-3-8330-0729-3 , pp. 11 ( excerpt from Google books ).
  6. ↑ a b c Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining industry . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler. 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 59 .
  7. ^ A b Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining industry . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler . 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 188-189 .
  8. ^ A b c d e Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining industry . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler. 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 61 .
  9. ↑ a b c Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining industry . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler. 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 193 .
  10. ↑ a b c d Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining industry . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler. 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 176 .
  11. ^ A b Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining industry . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler. 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 185 .
  12. ^ Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler. 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , p. 210 .
personal data
SURNAME Schwamkrug, Friedrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German machine designer and last senior art master in Saxony
DATE OF BIRTH February 20, 1808
PLACE OF BIRTH Schneeberg (Ore Mountains)
DATE OF DEATH April 23, 1880
Place of death Freiberg