Rothschönberger Stolln

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Main tunnel mouth hole on the Triebisch

The Rothschönberger Stolln is a water solution tunnel of the Brander and Freiberg mountain area .

It was excavated from 1844 to 1882 and, with its ancillary facilities, has a total length of 50.9 km and is equipped with 8 light holes . The average gradient is 0.033%. The clear width is 2.50 m, the clear height in the lower tunnel section (between Rothschönberg and the VII. Light hole) 3.00 m and above the VII. Light hole 1.50 m. This means that boats can be used for inspection and maintenance. The mouth hole , which enables the water to escape into the Triebisch , is located in the municipality of Klipphausen near the districts of Rothschönberg , Burkhardswalde and Munzig imMeißen district . The water flow is 685 liters per second ( HHQ : 14.0 m³ / s on August 12, 2002 and NNQ : 80 l / s on September 27, 1942). The construction costs amounted to 7,186,697.43 Reichsmarks and exceeded the budget by 79%.

The tunnel has two mouth holes to the Triebisch, in addition to the 191.5  m above sea level. NN lying main tunnel mouth hole still exists the mouth hole of the Triebisch rose . Of the original eight light holes, three with their houses are still preserved today. In addition to the IV. Light hole at Reinsberg , these are also the VII. And VIII. Light hole at Halsbrücke. The shaft buildings , from II. And III. Light hole also removed the heaps.

The Rothschönberger Stolln is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Ore Mountains Mining Region .

history

Course of the Rothschönberger Stolln
The Huthaus des Stollns at IV. Lichtloch in Reinsberg, built in 1844
Reinsberg: dump, hothouse and wheelhouse of the IV. Lichtlochs, in the foreground runs the route of the former narrow-gauge railway Freital-Potschappel-Nossen
View into the cycle room of the Kehrrades from the fourth light hole of the tunnel in Reinsberg . In the room there was a sweeping wheel with a diameter of 11.9 meters and a width of 1.6 meters.
View into the Rothschönberger Stolln, from: Sächs. Heimatblätter 6, 1978
Shaft house foundations at the first light hole
Original boat for driving through the tunnel

Plans for a deeper water solution for the Freiberg district had existed since the beginning of the 19th century. This should above all in the 18th century sunken mines in on the Halsbrücker Spat and Lawrence Gegentrum Halsbrücker be aufgewältigt back ground. These plans for a Tiefen Meißner Erbstolln , which should lead the mine waters of the Freiberg Revier into the Elbe near Meißen , became concrete under Chief Miner August von Herder . Part of the project was an expert opinion by the master art director Brendel , which outlined the technical measures required for the resumption of mining in Halsbrück and its costs. Herder was also able to win over the scholar Alexander von Humboldt as a proponent of his project. After Herder's death in 1838, the costly project was shelved. The Freiberg mountain master Karl Gustav Adalbert von Weissenbach made a feasible proposal for a 9 km shorter Erbstolln, which should be taken 97 m above the depth favored by Herder and lead to Triebisch near Rothschönberg .

Driveway

The tunnel excavation took place from 1844 in several legal forms. On the one hand, this was the Fiscal Rothschönberger Erbstolln , for which a separate authority, the Royal Administration of the Rothschönberger Stolln , was set up. At the same time, the excavation work for the Rothschönberger Stolln was also started within the district , the execution of which was under the control of the district waterway. Within the individual mountain buildings , additional tunnel tracts were created that belonged to the respective pits. This was the first time that Weisbach's art of visor pith (use of theodolites and leveling devices) was used. However, the traditional art of pulling pith ( hanging compass and degree curve) was used underground to drive the tunnel .

For the advance of the fiscal section of the tunnel, initially 7 light holes were sunk , to which an eight was added due to the difficult conditions of the old mining industry in Halsbrück in 1865. Specifically for this advancement of the art master constructed Schwamkrug named after him Schwamkrugturbine , which was used in a plurality of light holes. The trench tour was laid out in order to bring in the impact water required for the fourth and fifth light holes . The impact water for the VII. Light hole was taken from the Churprinzer mine canal and led to the light hole via a rose .

The work on the fiscal part, which began in 1844, was completed in 1877 under the neck bridge with the breakthrough to the Revierstollen tract at the Hope Shaft. As a result of the growing political pressure for completion, the mining administration decided to subcontract the contract for the breakthrough between the eighth light hole and the mining tunnel to the mining engineer Adolph Mezger. Mezger realized the breakthrough in the machine drilling process with Italian piecework workers. In 1882 the tunnel was completed with the connection of the Himmelsfürst mine behind Erbisdorf . The Rothschönberger Stolln had a total length of 50.9 km, of which the fiscal part had a share of 13.9 km, the main tunnel tract within the district 15 km and finally the branches to the mines 22 km.

The eruption on the 1st, heavy water grinding on the VI. The light hole and an incorrect calculation by the surveyor Ferdinand Heinrich Steeger, which led to a strong vertical and horizontal deviation between the first and second light hole, greatly increased the costs of the project and delayed completion several times. In addition, there were compensation costs for well fences and the replacement of the pipe water pipeline in Niederreinsberg , Krummenhennersdorf , Fasanenhäuser and Gotthelffriedrichsgrund .

The gallery reached the Freiberg mines at a time when Freiberg silver mining had already declined after the introduction of the gold standard in 1871. 36 years after its completion, the last of the now nationalized Freiberg silver mines had to be shut down.

Fractions

Already during the construction there was a collapse at the first  light hole when the tunnel driving at the mountain transition from gneiss to clay slate led to a floating sand funnel. After many years of attempts, this area was finally passed through and expanded with sandstone walls.

The July flood of 1897 broke down in the area of ​​the old mine on the Halsbrücker Spat, the part of the tunnel that was the most difficult during construction and that could only be achieved by installing a sandstone vault. In 1898 the collapsed section was replaced by a tunnel pavement, then dropped and separated by two 3 m thick brick dams .

As a result of the floods in 2002 , greater damage occurred to the tunnel again when masses of water penetrated the Freiberg pits through neglectful daytime openings , but also from above ground . In the Reiche Zeche teaching and research mine , the water level rose by 23 m. The lower (formerly fiscal) part of the tunnel, which had been neglected for years, very quickly reached the limit of its capacity and broke again at its greatest weak point, the undercut pits of the Halsbrücker Spate. The dramatic rise in water caused by the total failure of the webcam on August 13, 2002 at 1:47:06 p.m. was impressive to see on the Internet. The assumption of a new breach on the Halsbrücker Spat was confirmed and it showed the risk of further damage in the event of an uncontrolled breakthrough of the backwater through the broken mass. Likewise, no drainage of the water masses was guaranteed during further floods and damage to the mountains up to and including opencast fractures was likely.

In November 2002, the specialist company Schachtbau Nordhausen GmbH received the order to uncover the tunnel. After it became clear that the break above the eighth light hole at Halsbrücke had merged over a length of 150 m, the original tunnel tract that had been broken down in 1898 was exposed again and rehabilitated with shotcrete so that the tunnel break could be thrown off again. When the work was completed, the tunnel was put back into operation on February 13, 2004 by the Saxon State Minister for Economics and Labor, Martin Gillo .

After the water backflow had drained, further damage became visible due to the demolition of parts of the tunnel ridge in the area between the Reichen Zeche in Freiberg and the Dreibrüderschacht in Zug .

Cavern power plant

When Freiberg mining was shut down in 1912, the legal prerequisites for the use of the now no longer needed impact water from the Revierwasserlaufanstalt to generate electrical energy were created. In 1913, the world's second cavern power plant was built in the Dreibrüderschacht at a depth of 272 m , in which the vertical drop to the Rothschönberger adit was used for the turbine drive. The district power station, which was inaugurated on December 24, 1914, was expanded in 1922 to include an upper works to utilize the slope to Moritzstolln in the Konstantinschacht. In 1924 the substation on the bottom of the Rothschönberger Adit in the Dreibrüderschacht reached its designed capacity, which was increased in 1943. The storage space of the substation contained 1.5 million m³ of water. In 1948 it was drained due to the resumption of Freiberg mining. After the final cessation of mining in 1969, the substation was put back into operation by VEB Energieversorgung Karl-Marx-Stadt , at the same time the superstructure previously used for power generation was shut down and the Konstantin shaft was stored after all systems had been dismantled. In 1972 the cavern power plant was finally taken off the grid, with the operating facilities being preserved and being preserved for later recommissioning.

In 1947, when the Revierwasserlaufsanstalt was nationalized, the entire tunnel became the property of the State of Saxony. From 1954 on, the management of water law, which had been carried out by the Freiberg mining district, was transferred to the VEB Wasserwirtschaft Karl-Marx-Stadt. The subsequent legal entity was the Upper Elbe / Neisse Water Management Department until 1990 . The current legal entity is not clear.

Present meaning

The main task of the Rothschönberger Stolln is the water solution of the Freiberg mining area, especially the teaching and research mine of the Bergakademie Freiberg . It also serves as a retention reservoir in connection with the Freiberg mine workings. This was particularly evident during the 2002 flood.

It is possible to drive into the entrance area behind the classical main gallery mouth hole portal after consultation with the operator of the “Triebischtalbaude” restaurant in Neu-Tanneberg .

Landmarks

Landmark position note
Rose mouth hole 51 ° 4 ′ 22.5 "  N , 13 ° 24 ′ 15.6"  E
Main tunnel mouth hole 51 ° 4 ′ 2 "  N , 13 ° 23 ′ 58.5"  E
1. light hole 51 ° 3 '4.1 "  N , 13 ° 23' 15.6"  E
2. light hole 51 ° 2 ′ 10.5 "  N , 13 ° 22 ′ 50.9"  E
3. light hole 51 ° 1 '19.7 "  N , 13 ° 22' 27.1"  E
4. light hole 51 ° 0 '26.9 "  N , 13 ° 22' 0.4"  E
5. light hole 50 ° 59 '36.1 "  N , 13 ° 21' 28"  E
6. light hole 50 ° 58 '43.6 "  N , 13 ° 21' 5.2"  E
7. light hole 50 ° 57 '49.6 "  N , 13 ° 20' 37.6"  E

literature

  • The Rothschönberger Stolln, the closest and most urgent, like the Meißner Stolln, securing the most distant future, aid plan for Freiberg mining , 1840 ( digitized )
  • Andreas Benthin: The Rothschönberger Stolln and the work of the VII. Lichtloch eV association in Halsbrücke. in: Proceedings 10th International Mining History Workshop Dittrichshütte / Thuringia. Pp. 91-102
  • Förderverein Montanregion Erzgebirge eV (Ed.): Implementation study Rothschönberger Stolln . Establishment and definition of the world heritage areas and buffer zones as part of the Ore Mountains Mining Region project. Freiberg 2012 ( digitized version ).
  • Siegmund August Wolfgang von Herder: The deep Meissner Erbstolln . Brockhaus, Leipzig 1838 ( digitized version ).
  • Hermann Müller : The execution of the fiscal Rothschönberger Stolln in the years 1844–1877. in: Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony for the year 1878. Freiberg 1878, pp. 3–27 ( digitized entire yearbook PDF, 22.3 MB).
  • Johannes Nestler: The origin of the Rothschönberger Stollen. In: TU Bergakademie Freiberg (Hrsg.): 800 years Freiberg mining. Freiberger Forschungshefte D 70, Verlag für Grundstoffindindustrie, Leipzig 1970, pp. 51-58 (Reprint Freiberg 2004, ISBN 3-86012-238-X ).
  • Lysann Petermann: The Rothschönberger Stolln. Mining history series of the Altzella monastery region. Reinsberg 2005.
  • Herbert Pforr: 125 years of the Rothschönberger Stolln - a masterpiece of European standing. in: Sächsische Heimatblätter Heft 2/2004, pp. 127-137.
  • Rainer Sennewald: Meißner Stolln and Rothschönberger Stolln - The project and its time in: Andreas Möller History Prize: Lectures and Publications 2004/2005, Freiberg 2006, pp. 19–53.
  • Otfried Wagenbreth : The Rothschönberger Stolln and its technical monuments. in: Sächsische Heimatblätter. Issue 6/1978, pp. 255-264.
  • Otfried Wagenbreth : The Freiberg mining . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Eberhard Wächtler . 2nd Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bergmännischer Verein zu Freiberg (Ed.): Freiberg's Berg- und Hüttenwesen . A brief description of the orographic, geological, historical, technical and administrative conditions. 1st edition. Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1883, p. 122 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  2. ↑ Hydrological Handbook. (PDF; 637 kB) Part 3 - Main aquatic values. Free State of Saxony - State Office for Environment and Geology, p. 45 , accessed on December 25, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Bergmännischer Verein zu Freiberg (Ed.): Freiberg's Berg- und Hüttenwesen . A brief description of the orographic, geological, historical, technical and administrative conditions. 1st edition. Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1883, p. 73-74 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ Lysann Petermann: The Rothschönberger Stolln . In: Series mining history of the Altzella monastery region . Reinsberg 2005. p. 7

Web links

Commons : Rothschönberger Stolln  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files