Julius Weisbach

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Julius Weisbach
Hammerschänke Mittelschmiedeberg, birthplace of Julius Ludwig Weisbach
Plaque at the birthplace of Weisbach
Weisbach's grave in Freiberg
Weisbach monument on the campus of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Julius Ludwig Weisbach (born August 10, 1806 in Mittelschmiedeberg ; † February 24, 1871 in Freiberg ) was a German mathematician and engineer . He is considered to be the founder of the new art of marrowing .

Life

Weisbach was born in the Mittelschmiedeberger Hammerschänke near Annaberg as the eighth child of Christian Gottlieb Weisbach (1764-1835) and Christiana Rebekka Stephan (1775-1850). His father was a shift supervisor at Hammerhütte Mittelschmiedeberg, his mother came from a family of carpenters in Arnsfeld . Weisbach grew up in poor conditions and attended the village school. His father recognized his talent for science and made it possible for him to attend the Annaberg grammar school. Weisbach skipped two classes there within a year. In 1820 he continued his education at the Royal Mountain School in Freiberg . From 1822 to 1826 Weisbach studied mineralogy, geology, mathematics, physics, mechanical engineering and practical mining at the Bergakademie Freiberg . He continued his studies in 1827 at the Georg-August University in Göttingen and in Vienna . Bernhard Friedrich Thibaut (Göttingen) and Friedrich Mohs (Freiberg and Vienna) were among his teachers . In places, Carl Friedrich Gauß is also mentioned in this context, without evidence that Weisbach actually heard lectures from Gauß.

Weisbach received a scholarship in 1830 for a mining study trip through Austria and Hungary . A year later he returned to Freiberg and taught mathematics at the grammar school. In 1832 he married Marie Winkler (1807–1878). The Bergakademie gave him the chair of applied mathematics and mining engineering in 1833, and in 1836 he was appointed professor of applied mathematics, mechanics, mining engineering and general mineworking art. He later gave lectures on crystallography, descriptive geometry and other areas. He spoke several foreign languages.

In 1844 Weisbach worked privately to drive the Rothschönberger Stolln . With his theodolite , he significantly supplemented and refined the official measuring work with the hanging equipment . In 1845 he worked on the Darcy-Weisbach equation .

Weisbach was involved in the European grade measurement . For the surveying of the Kingdom of Saxony from 1862 he was appointed next to Christian August Nagel and Carl Christian Bruhns as a Saxon measurement commissioner. He was mainly responsible for the hypsometric work. Together with Nagel, he explored locations for observation stations in the triangulation network. From 1864 he was entrusted with general commission tasks, the measurement of the Großenhain baseline including a scale comparison and the construction of signals.

Julius Weisbach received numerous honors, including the title Bergrat in 1856. In 1859 he was made an honorary doctorate for philosophy at the University of Leipzig and in 1860 he was made the first honorary member of the Association of German Engineers . From 1855 he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg . His son, the mineralogist Albin Julius Weisbach , also worked for many years as a professor at the Freiberg Bergakademie.

Julius Weisbach died of a stroke in 1871 . He was buried in the Donatsfriedhof in Freiberg.

Merits

Weisbach earned a wide range of services, particularly in the field of mining and mining engineering. He is considered to be the founder of the new or visor-marrowing art , in which measurement with theodolite and leveling device replaced traditional measurement techniques with hanging equipment. His teaching activity fell during the Industrial Revolution , which in mining was particularly evident in the breakthrough in the use of steam engines . Weisbach's mining machine apprenticeship combined machine science with mathematics and mechanics in line with the new demands of the time. With his text The monodimetric and anisometric projection method , Weisbach is one of the founders of orthogonal axonometry . While working on a geodetic problem, Weisbach developed orthogonal regression in 1840 . His textbook on engineering and machine mechanics from 1846 was regarded - also internationally - as a standard work in engineering. Weisbach's teaching activities were characterized by a close connection between theory and practice.

Honors

According to him, Weisbach streets in Berlin, Dortmund, Frankfurt / Main and Freiberg named. In 1994 a memorial plaque was placed on the house where he was born in Mittelschmiedeberg. In 2002 the Freundeskreis Julius Weisbach , an association of family members of the scientist, was founded.

The vocational school center for technology and business "Julius Weisbach" in Freiberg was named after him.

Julius Weisbach Prize

The TU Bergakademie Freiberg awards the Julius Weisbach Prize every semester to professors, university lecturers, scientific assistants, senior assistants, senior engineers, teaching staff for special tasks and academic staff for exemplary performance in teaching.

Fonts

  • Manual of mining machine mechanics (two volumes), Weidmann, Leipzig 1835/1836.
  • Textbook of engineering and machine mechanics , Friedrich Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig 1846–1868.
  • The engineer. Collection of tables, formulas and rules , Friedrich Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig 1st edition 1848: books.google.de , 5th edition 1868: books.google.de
  • The new art of marrow sheath and its application to the Rothschönberger Stolln near Freiberg , Friedrich Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig 1851.
  • The experimental hydraulics. Instructions for carrying out hydraulic tests on a small scale, together with a description of the equipment required for this , JG Engelhardt, Freiberg 1855. (at Google Books: books.google.de )
  • The monodimetric and anisometric projection method , Polytechnische Mitteilungen von Volz and Karmarsch, Vol. 1, Tübingen 1844, 125-136
  • Instructions for axonometric drawing , JG Engelhardt, Freiberg 1857.
  • Lectures on mathematical geography, given at the Royal Saxon Mining Academy in Freiberg , JG Engelhardt, Freiberg 1878, edoc.hu-berlin.de

literature

  • C. Schiffner: From the life of old Freiberg mountain students . E. Maukisch, Freiberg 1935, pp. 80-83.
  • Werner Beck : Julius Weisbach. Commemorative publication for his 150th birthday . In: Freiberger Forschungshefte (=  D: Culture and Technology . Volume 16 ). Academy, 1956, DNB  455432139 , ZDB -ID 127806-X , p. 39-43 .
  • Gerd Grabow : On the 200th birthday of Julius Weisbach . His life as a teacher and researcher in the mining sciences at the Bergakademie Freiberg. In: Bergknappe . No. 109 . Davos October 2006, p. 22–23 ( silberberg-davos.ch [PDF; accessed on October 17, 2012]).
  • Gerd Grabow: The WEISBACH collection . In: Bergknappe . No. 109 . Davos October 2006, p. 25–29 ( silberberg-davos.ch [PDF; accessed on October 17, 2012]).
  • Wilhelm von Gümbel :  Weisbach, Albin Julius [sic] . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 41, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, p. 522 f.
  • Wolfgang Küchler: Julius Ludwig Weisbach (1806–1871) . from hut boy to scholar. In: Erzgebirgische Heimatblätter . tape 16 , no. 1 , 1994, p. 8-10 .
  • Karl-Eugen Kurrer : Julius Weisbach's 'Textbook of Engineering and Machine Mechanics' in the golden ratio of Gerstner's and Föppl's contributions . Commemorative script for his 200th birthday. In: Meinhard Kuna (Ed.): Freiberger research books. Freiberg Research Forum, 57th Miners' and Smelter's Day. D 222 . TU Bergakademie, Freiberg 2006, pp. 25-67, ISBN 3-86012-278-9 .
  • Norman Pohl: Julius L. Weisbach (1806–1871). Commemorative script for his 200th birthday . In: Meinhard Kuna (Ed.): Freiberger research books . Freiberg Research Forum, 57th Miners' and Smelter's Day. D 222. TU Bergakademie, Freiberg 2006, ISBN 3-86012-278-9 .
  • Bernd Schreiter : Julius Weisbach - mathematician, excavator and mechanical engineer (=  Weisbachiana - booklets for mining, metallurgy and genealogy . No. 1 ). Bernd Schreiter, Arnsfeld 2005 (with list of ancestors).
  • Karl-Eugen Kurrer: The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium , Ernst & Sohn 2018, p. 161ff, 174ff, p. 181f, p. 188ff, p. 545ff, p. 549f and p. 1078 (biography), ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9 .

Web links

Commons : Julius Weisbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ H. Undeutsch (Ed.): In memory of Oberbergrat Professor Dr. hc Julius Ludwig Weisbach on the occasion of his centenary birthday party . Freiberg 1906
  2. ^ Elias Wegert, Udo Hebisch, Werner Lyska: Julius Weisbach as a pioneer of applied mathematics. (PDF; 2.1 MB) Retrieved October 17, 2012 .
  3. ^ Karl-Heinz Löbel: Julius Ludwig Weisbach . In: Interest group Nagelsche Säulen and Staatsbetrieb Geobasisinformation und Vermessung Sachsen (Ed.): Historical surveying columns in Saxony - a search for traces . Schütze-Engler-Weber, Dresden 2012, ISBN 978-3-936203-18-9 , pp. 17-21 .
  4. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Julius Weisbach. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 10, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Vocational school center for technology and business. Retrieved January 23, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Weisbach, Julius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Weisbach, Julius Ludwig (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician and engineer
DATE OF BIRTH August 10, 1806
PLACE OF BIRTH Mittelschmiedeberg
DATE OF DEATH February 24, 1871
Place of death Freiberg