Mauritius mine

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Mauritius colliery
General information about the mine
Hřebečná štola Kryštof.jpg
Oral hole of the Christophstolln
other names Behrische colliery
Mining technology Opencast mining / civil engineering
Information about the mining company
Start of operation 1545
End of operation 1944
Successor use Show mine
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Tin (cassiterite)
Tin (cassiterite)

Gang name

Mauritius
Mightiness 16 m

Gang name

Fuehringer
Mightiness 16 m
Geographical location
Coordinates 50 ° 23 '13.6 "  N , 12 ° 49' 51.9"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 23 '13.6 "  N , 12 ° 49' 51.9"  E
Mauritius colliery (Czech Republic)
Mauritius colliery
Location Mauritius colliery
Location 360 01 Karlovy Vary
local community Abertamy
Okres Karlovy Vary District
Country Czech Republic

The Mauritius-mine was an important tin - mine in Hřebečná ( German  Hengstererben ) in the Bohemian Erzgebirge , which was 1,545 to 1,944 almost continuously in operation and on May 8, 2015 show mine Důl Mauritius (= pit Mauritius was reopened).

The Mauritius colliery is a selected site within the "Abertamy - Boží Dar - Horní Blatná mining cultural landscape" for the candidacy for the UNESCO World Heritage Site " Ore Mountains Mining Region ".

location

The Mauritius colliery is located in Hřebečná, about 2 km northeast of Abertamy (Abertham) at about 1000  m nm

geology

The red granite of the (old) stallion is interspersed with old passages . The tin-containing passages painted over days and were in the early years in open pit mined, of which today pinging as Schnepp-Pinge testify. The tin ore was in the form of cassiterite .

history

The first tradition of mining on Berg Hengst (also called Old Stallion after the founding of Jungehengst in Schwarzwassertal ) comes from Johannes Mathesius , who wrote "Stallion angangen" in his Sarepta in the 4th quarter of 1545. There were several mines in the stallion's area, the most important of which was the Behrische Zeche, named after the first owner, Paul Behr . Only the Rote Grube in "Vorderer Hengst" was similar in size.

On January 1, 1548, King Ferdinand I issued a tin mining ordinance that regulated mining here and in some neighboring mines.

When the opencast mines reached a depth at which they could no longer be controlled, mining continued underground . A particularly pure tin was won, which was exported as "Rössl tin" via Augsburg and Nuremberg . The preferred method was setting fire . Several thousand tons of tin were mined between 1545 and 1620. At that time, the Behrische Zeche was the largest tin mine in the Bohemian Ore Mountains and the third largest in all of Bohemia. The extraction subsequently decreased. The ever deeper burrows led to problems with the drainage .

At the end of the 17th century, the Behrische Zeche was named "Mauritius-Zeche".

In a letter dated August 12, 1940, the Zinnwalder Mining Union in Altenberg was offered the mine fields of the Mauritius mine for sale by mining assessor Otto Spinzig . The existing union for tin mining in Abertham was to carry out the investigation work on behalf of Zinnwald. To this end, Zinnwald bought the union's 128 Kuxe from the British and Continental Mining Syndicate Ltd. in London. The contract signed by both sides took place on August 27th / 10th. September 1941. The Abertham tin mining union then took over the mine fields . Since the union remained inactive, a union day was held on November 29, 1943 in Altenberg. Here the director of the trade union Kadainka, Prague, as well as the board members FM Oppermann, Brussels, FH Giamonna, Brussels and Karl Loris, Prague, elected on January 5, 1938, were recalled. The union was renamed Union Sudetenerz. Otto Eisentraut, chairman of the Zinnwalder Bergbau union in Altenberg, was appointed director of the union, and Hans Junker, managing director of Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH , was appointed as deputy director . Since the union Zinnbergbau Abertham lacked the necessary funds to start a mining operation, the mine fields were transferred to the union Zinnwalder Bergbau retrospectively to April 1, 1942 with a leasing contract of December 4, 1943. Investigation work began in January 1944. Due to a lack of labor, work was stopped in October 1944.

Investments

The most important tunnels were the Festenberger and the Christophstolln . In 1751 the Blasius-Stolln (Erbstollen) was excavated from the Wistritztal , the bottom of which was about 50 m below that of the Festenberger Stolln and reached the Blasius-Schacht at a depth of 84 m.

Up to 13 stamp mills were built in its vicinity, using the water from the Red Wistritz (Bystřice). But stamping mills were also located in the immediate vicinity of the Mauritius shaft. For this, a 2.4 km long artificial moat and the Behrische Teich were created, which led the water under the Gottesgaber Spitzberg . The pond, created in a moorland, has an area of ​​around 17,000 m² and the dam is 170 m long.

The Mauritius colliery had its own steelworks, a tin works, and since 1773 an arsenic works. The further processing of the pewter took place in the neighboring Sankt Joachimsthal , for which the local Aryan hut was mainly used.

Show mine

The show mine operated by the city of Abertamy and the Association of Friends of the Pit of Saint Mauritius opened on May 8, 2015. The development took place with financial support from the European Union as part of the Objective 3 / Cíl 3 program to promote cross-border cooperation between the Czech Republic and the Free State of Saxony .

  • Main tunnel

  • newly constructed stair tower

  • newly laid out hut house on the shaft

  • Mauritius prohlídková štola Kryštof (1) .jpg
  • Mauritius prohlídková štola Kryštof (2) .jpg
  • Mauritius prohlídková štola Kryštof (3) .jpg
  • Hřebečná důl Mauritius vstup do podzemí.jpg

literature

  • R. Günther: The St. Mauritius colliery or the Behrische Werk am Alten Hengst near Abertham (Ore Mountains) , 1857 (manuscript)
  • A. Chlupsa: Expert opinion on the St. Mauritius colliery in Hengstererbe , 1932
  • Robin Hermann: Bohemian ore mining . The old mining in the Bohemian Ore Mountains. Hermann, Chemnitz 2013, ISBN 978-3-940860-09-5 .
  • Mining monuments in the mining region Erzgebirge / Krusnohory, German / Czech, Karlovarsky Kraj (Karlsbad region) 2014, nomination documentation for the project "Montane cultural landscape Erzgebirge-Krusnohory", Mauritius mine in Hrebecna pp. 42–43, Red mine in Hrebecna p. 41 .
  • Paths of Cultural Heritage: A travel guide through the important mining monuments of the western (Bohemian) Ore Mountains, The Path of Mining Monuments, Stallion Heirs with the Mauritius Pit pp. 14–17, Karlovy Vary Region and National Monument Institute of the Czech Republic, Karlovy Vary 2013, German, ISBN 978-80- 87104-73-6

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Montanregion Krušné hory - Erzgebirge, ops (ed.): Monuments of mining in the Montanregion Erzgebirge / Krušnohoří . 2014, Hřebečná - důl Mauritius / Hřebečná - Grube Mauritius, p. 42–43 (German, Czech, montanregion.cz [PDF; 5.9 MB ]). PDF, 5.9 MB ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.montanregion.cz
  2. ↑ Paths of Cultural Heritage: A travel guide through the important mining monuments of the western (Bohemian) Ore Mountains, The Path of Mining Monuments, Stallion Heirs with Pit Christoph P. 14 u. 15, Karlovy Vary Region and National Monument Institute of the Czech Republic, Karlovy Vary 2013, in German, ISBN 978-80-87104-73-6

Web links