Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH

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Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH
legal form GmbH
founding August 1, 1937
resolution March 31, 1944
Reason for dissolution Transfer to a stock corporation
Seat Freiberg
management Managing Director Bergdirektor Hans Junker
Branch Mining

The Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH was a state-owned mining company founded with the aim of resuming ore mining in Saxony .

prehistory

Due to the lack of global marketability of the ore mining in Saxony, numerous ore mines were shut down after the First World War . Whereas in 1920 1,206 miners extracted 11,360 t of ore, in 1930 there were only 202 workers who extracted 4,570 t of ore. The last mines were overexploited and were about to be closed for good. The low point was reached in 1933 with 140 employees and an output of 322 tons of ore. The upturn in mining began with the enactment of the German Deposit Act of December 4, 1934. This decree was due to the self-sufficiency efforts of the German Reich. Based on the experiences of the First World War, the state of Saxony had already started in 1923 to mute open pit fields . The background was the creation of an ore base for planned or already existing state enterprises and the prevention of speculation with parts of the mine field. Until 1931, in addition to the state-owned mine fields in the Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorfer districts, a further 64 mine fields were muted. Apart from minor research work, there was no operation in these fields. From 1936 onwards, the number of pit fields increased and in 1938 it reached 100 fields.

On July 13, 1933, the Saxon Ministry of Finance submitted a study to the Reich government containing specific proposals for resuming ore mining in the Ore Mountains and the development of new deposits . The focus of the work was on the exploration of tin-tungsten-molybdenum deposits.

In 1934 the investigation work began in 3 selected mine fields. On April 24th tin mining in Oelsnitz in Vogtland, on May 3rd Gabe Gottes Stolln in Eibenstock and on July 20th Unified Zwitterfeld Fundgrube in Zinnwald. In addition, seven other companies were subsidized by the state. In 1936 the investigation work began in the fields of the Tannenberg mine near Klingenthal, the Sadisdorf copper mine, the Zschorlauer Bergsegen and the Ehrenfriedersdorf Vereinigt Feld Fundgrube. On September 23, 1936, the Zinnwalder Bergbau Altenberg trade union was entered in the commercial register of the Lauenstein / Sa. registered. The union took over the mining rights in the mine field of the Vereinigt Zwitterfeld Fundgrube in Zinnwald. At the end of the year, the research work in the Gabe Gottes tunnel in Eibenstock was discontinued without any results. The number of employees had risen to 107 in March 1936.

founding

On September 4, 1936, the mine of Ehrenfriedersdorf Vereinigt Feld Fundgrube Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH in Ehrenfriedersdorf, which had been idle since 1924, was transferred free of charge with all rights to the state of Saxony.

On February 9, 1937, Hermann Göring approved an advance payment of 305,500 RM to explore the mine field.

On September 7th, in a letter to the state government, Göring made further subsidies dependent on the merger of the six state-owned ore mining companies.

On September 8, 1937, the state of Saxony took the decision to rename the Ehrenfriedersdorf Vereinigt Feld Fundgrube Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH in Ehrenfriedersdorf to Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH and to relocate the headquarters to Freiberg. The company shares of Ehrenfriedersdorf Vereinigt Feld Fundgrube Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH in Ehrenfriedersdorf were bought from the Ehrenfriedersdorf community.

On September 29, 1937, the Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft was founded retroactively to August 1, 1937 and entered in the commercial register in Freiberg on October 16, 1937. The share capital was 44,300 RM. The assets, including all land and mining rights (totaling 5152 units), of the six ore mines were transferred to the Company. Hans Junker was appointed sole managing director. By July 31, the state of Saxony had already invested RM 705,576.65 in the companies. The company's financial requirements were put at 5,635,000 RM.

A decision about the inclusion of the Gertrud Fundgrube in Tirpersdorf and the Himmelfahrt Fundgrube in Freiberg in the new company should be made at a later date.

Administrative structure

Object of the company was;

- The acquisition and exploitation of mining rights.

- The construction of plants and facilities for the exploitation of mining rights and for the processing of the products obtained.

- The acquisition and affiliation of other mining companies and smelting companies, as well as auxiliary and ancillary companies and participation in such companies.

- The trade with mine and smelter products, as well as with products of the ancillary businesses.

The company was financed by advances from the Saxon state. Furthermore, the promotion of certain ores was subsidized in the promotional bonus scheme.

The state of Saxony was the sole owner of the company.

Board:

- Bergdirektor Hans Junker, Freiberg

business director:

- E. Brockhaus, Freiberg

Procuration:

- E. Brockhaus, Freiberg

The company's registered office was at Freiberg Claussallee 6

The member companies of Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH were initially run as pure research companies and monitored by the mining department in their development and further expansion. Given the rapid start of production, the first ore was extracted at the stage of excavation and investigation.

The workforce increased from 201 employees in 1937 to 782 employees in 1941. Although companies important to the war effort, including the mining operations, were initially spared conscription, they too had to assign workers to military service over the course of the last four years of the war. These were replaced by Eastern workers, prisoners of war and forced labor .

Member companies

  • Ehrenfriedersdorf United Field Treasure Trove (tin, tungsten)

The mine belonged to the Ehrenfriedersdorf Vereinigt Feld Fundgrube Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH. The chairman of the board was the Dresden Higher Administrative Judge GH Krüger. His deputy was the mayor of Ehrenfriedersdorfer Becker. Anton Lieberwirth was the managing director. After the company was taken over by the State of Saxony in November 1936, Przybylski was employed as operations manager. In 1939, the first 19,780 tons of ore were mined with 138 employees.

  • Tin mining in Oelsnitz im Vogtland (tin)

The mine field was muted in September 1933 by the state of Saxony. On August 1, 1937, the mine was taken over by the Sachsenz. Operations manager was Ernst Meyer. In February 1939, the state mine field was transferred to the Sachsenz. The work was stopped in mid-1939 after extensive investigations which resulted in 5,192 t of ore being mined. The highest number of employees in 1937 was 46 people.

The owner was the Sächsisch-Böhmische Zinnbergbau AG from 1922, based in Plauen. The mining rights were revoked in August 1934. In July 1936 the mine was muted by the state of Saxony. Operations began in December 1936. Ernst Meyer was employed as operations manager. On August 1, 1937, the mine was taken over by the Sachsenz and from 1938 Wilhelm Schievelbusch was appointed operations manager. In 1939 the first 3,817 tons of ore were mined with 36 employees.

Since October 1935, the owner of the copper mine was Miss M. Müller and comrades based in Aussig. In January the state of Saxony took over the mine. From August 1, 1937, the mine was taken over by the Sachsenz. In 1938, the operations manager Saller was replaced by Wilhelm Schievelbusch. In 1937 the first 1,915 tons of ore were mined with 32 employees.

  • Zschorlauer Bergsegen (Wolfram)

In April 1935, the state of Saxony found the Zschorlauer Bergsegen mine in Zschorlau. In 1937 the investigation was started. From August 1, 1937, the mine was taken over by the Sachsenz. Obersteiger Reineck was appointed as operations manager. In March 1938 the mine field was combined with the mine field Dodos Glück in Schneeberg. In 1937 the first 500 tons of ore were mined with 56 employees.

  • St. Christoph treasure trove in Breitenbrunn (iron-zinc-arsenic-tin ore)

The owner of the mine was the Kübler & Niethammer paper mill in Kriebstein. The mine, which was on time, was taken over by the state of Saxony in February 1937. Operations started in March 1937. Wilhelm Schievelbusch was appointed as operations manager. As of August 1st, the mine was taken over by the Sachsenz. In February the St. Christoph Fundgrube was merged with the neighboring St. Richard Fundgrube. In 1937 the first 100 tons of ore were mined with 19 employees.

  • Ascension Treasure Trove Freiberg (lead, zinc)

The minefield of the Ascension Fundgrube had been the property of the state of Saxony since 1886. The TU Freiberg used the shaft of the Reichen Zeche in the area as a training pit. On September 17th, the Minister of Economy and Labor issued an order to reopen the Assumption Treasure Trove. Work began on October 26th. In two contracts dated September 17, 1938 and December 1, 1938, the Ascension Treasure trove and the adjoining mine fields were transferred to the Sachsenz. On December 1, 1938, the new ownership was entered in the Freiberg District Court.

On April 1, 1938, it was handed over to the Sachsenz. Walther Kissing was appointed as operations manager. At the time of takeover, 127 people were employed in the mine.

Activities abroad

The opportunities for Sachsz to get into foreign mining companies or to establish subsidiaries abroad themselves were very limited. The deposits being mined were divided. All that remained were unprofitable deposits that had not yet been lent and which, due to their size, had not yet been considered. Furthermore, there were deposits that had not been considered for several hundred years. In the field of tin, tungsten and molybdenum mining, it had to leave the field to the state-owned Zinnwalder Bergbau union.

Spain

From a record from 1943 it becomes clear that the possibilities of the Sachsz to do mining in Spain or to participate in it are few. All relevant deposits are already owned by other companies. Fields in the open are either micro-occurrences or not investigated. Spanish law does not allow you to do your own thing. Only purely Spanish companies are allowed to operate in the country. The only way to gain a foothold in Spain was through a contract with the Rohstoff- und Wareneinkaufsgesellschaft mbH (ROWAK) in Berlin. This regulated all business with Spain. The Reich Ministry of Economics forbade any private import from Spain without the participation of ROWAK. ROWAK demanded two to three percent of sales for this. In 1938 ROWAK owned 135 mining rights in Spain. The holding Sociedad Financiera e Industrial Limitada (SOFINDUS) acted as the clearing instance for ROWAK in Spain. All contacts with Spanish companies were made through this company. Furthermore, the Spanish mining products were too expensive compared to the German products. Tin cost three or four times as much. An export tax of 100,000 pesetas (30,000 RM) per ton had to be paid on tungsten . The export of bismuth was forbidden and the trade in cobalt was reserved for the Association of German Cobalt Producers. Furthermore, the idea was discussed to process the fluorspar-lead-luster-zinc blende mixed ores from the Osor deposit in the province of Girona and the Sant Cugat del Vallès-El Papiol deposit in the province of Barcelona in the underutilized processing plant of Halsbrücke . With regard to the mining of lead ores, SOFINDUS had concluded a consultancy agreement with the Compañía Minera Montañas del Sur (Montanas) on the La Mineras mines near Linares . Equipment was also delivered here. However, it was stated in a letter dated July 7, 1944 that MONTANAS - SOFINDUS did not adhere to the agreements made in any way.

Tyrol / South Tyrol

Originally there was a plan to found an ore mining company by the Sachsenz and the Gau Tirol. For this purpose, the existing mining operation Schneeberg Tirol and the open fields of Kalesberg / Trient, Tösens, Kitzbühel, as well as the mining in Schwaz leased by the Gau Tirol and the research operation of the Tiroler Erzbergbau GmbH on the Alpeiner Scharte should be brought into the new company. However, these plans were never implemented.

  • Schneeberg Tirol (lead, zinc)

The mining operated by the Societá Anonima Imprese Minerarie Trentine (SAIMT) was stopped in May 1931. In autumn 1937 SAIMT resumed operations. In 1940 the company gave up its business activities and transferred the rights to the Azienda Minerali Metallici Italiana (AMMI), founded in Rome on February 19, 1932. After the armistice on September 8, 1943, most of the Italian miners left the mine. Only 109 miners remained. On June 29, 1944, SS Oberführer Hans Georg Bilgeri , Deputy Chief Commissioner for the Alpine Foreland Operations Zone, Franz Hofer , entrusted Sachsz with the provisional management of the mine. Despite bonuses and special meals, it was not possible to increase the workforce on a larger scale. In the period from July 15 to October 5, concentrates with a content of 430.5 t lead and 1427.3 t zinc were delivered. While the zinc concentrate was delivered to the Berliner Montangesellschaft mbH and smelted in a smelter in Silesia, the lead concentrate went to the Braubach lead and silver smelter .

  • Tösens (lead, silver)

Mining in Tösens was stopped in 1910. A final attempt to reactivate mining was made in 1924. The geologist Georg Mutschlechner was convinced that a resumption of mining, despite the high development costs, is justified. The lead concentrates processed last contained 52% lead as well as 1000 grams of silver per ton.

  • Kitzbühel (copper)

Mining in Kitzbühel is spread over several fields; Röhrerbühel, discontinued 1774, Schattberg, Sinnwell and Kelchalpe , medieval, copper plate discontinued 1926.

  • Kalesberg Trient (lead, silver)

Medieval mining area north of Trento. Mining does not take place.

  • Black (copper, silver)

Mining ceased in November 1932. In May 1938 operations were resumed by the Schwaz Mining Association. The mining operations did not start. In 1943, 48 miners were engaged in research and exploration work. In May 1944 the mine was taken over by the Jägerstab and expanded to relocate the Kematen aircraft factory .

  • Alpeiner Scharte (molybdenum)

In 1941, Treibacher Chemische Werke AG , based in Treibach in Carinthia, began exploring the deposit at 2850 m above sea level. On January 17, 1942, the Tiroler Erzbergbaugesellschaft mbH, based in St. Jodok am Brenner, was founded by Treibacher Chemischen Werke AG. She is one hundred percent owner of the mining company. This company should investigate the occurrence and unlock it. On the 2nd / 17th May 1943, the Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH, based in Freiberg, signed a consultancy contract with the Treibacher Chemische Werke AG for the investigation and mining of the molybdenum deposit on the Alpeiner Scharte . This contract came into effect retrospectively on January 1, 1943. Sachsenz sends a representative to the supervisory board of Treibacher Chemische Werke AG. In order to secure the processing of part of the extracted molybdenum, another contract was signed between the two companies on August 18, 1943 in Innsbruck . It includes the takeover of 10 percent of the 100,000 RM original contribution of the Tiroler Erzbergwerksgesellschaft mbH by Sachsz Bergwerks mbH. The ore concentrates obtained are delivered according to the ratio of the participation.

Bulgaria

  • Momchilgrad

A lead-zinc deposit. Investigations were carried out in 1943/44. There was no participation in the deposit. ( 41 ° 31 ′ 45.5 ″  N , 25 ° 24 ′ 23 ″  E )

  • Tsar Asen

A lead-copper pyrite-pale ore deposit. The owner was a P. Ghennadieff from Sofia. Investigations were carried out between 1941 and 1944 and negotiations began to obtain a concession. ( 42 ° 21 ′ 25 ″  N , 24 ° 20 ′ 31.7 ″  E )

  • Eliseyna

The Plakalnitza copper mine belonged to the Société Minière et Industrielle de Plakalnitza, Paris. In 1940 the Bulgarian state bought the mine. In 1942/43 an option contract was negotiated. ( 43 ° 4 ′ 37.2 ″  N , 23 ° 29 ′ 30.5 ″  E )

  • Kirka

After the annexation of Western Thrace by Bulgaria in 1942, the Thrazische Bergbau AG, with the support of the OKW, concluded an agreement with the Bulgarian government, according to which it was awarded the entire area for a period of 2 years. The lead-zinc ore mine in Kirka was founded by Afrika Bergbau Dr. FA Zoellner & Co. KG, Berlin-Wilmersdorf. In negotiations with Thrazische Bergbau AG between 1943 and 1945, the Sachsenz attempted to acquire a stake in the mine. ( 40 ° 58 ′ 33.7 ″  N , 25 ° 47 ′ 30.5 ″  E )

Norway

  • Bleikvassli

The lead-zinc deposit west of Røssvatnet was discovered in 1917. The first investigations took place in 1928/29. In 1944 an attempt was made to participate in the investigation. ( 65 ° 55 ′ 7.2 ″  N , 13 ° 52 ′ 13.2 ″  E )

  • Rødberg

There were several copper mines in the Nore area. It was first mentioned in 1687. In 1943 an option contract was negotiated. ( 60 ° 17 ′ 59.5 ″  N , 8 ° 32 ′ 24.3 ″  E )

  • Svartdal

The Bleka pit was built on bismuth and gold. The French mining company Compagnie Francaise des Mines de Bamble operated mining from 1882 to 1901. After that, the pit was leased to Norwegian buyers. In 1933 the stock corporation A / S Bleka Gruber was founded. On April 27, 1943, mining director Hans Hake drove the mine on behalf of the Sachsenz. The result was sobering. In spite of this, Sachsenz undertook a thorough investigation of the deposit at its own expense and kept all options for the deposit open in a contract. ( 59 ° 35 ′ 6.7 ″  N , 8 ° 33 ′ 22 ″  E )

  • Toreby / Varteig

Investigation of a bismuth-molybdenum deposit. ( 59 ° 20 ′ 59.4 ″  N , 11 ° 11 ′ 39.3 ″  E )

  • Røros

The copper deposit in the Feragen-Kromgruve field has been mined since 1664. In 1945 there were 11 pits in operation. Furthermore, several small chromite deposits were mined here until the end of the First World War. On behalf of the Reich Office for Soil Research, Metallgesellschaft AG Frankfurt began to work on two chromite pits in 1944. ( 62 ° 29 ′ 36.7 ″  N , 11 ° 51 ′ 51.1 ″  E )

Romania

  • Almăşel - Porcurea

A deposit of copper ore in the Apuseni Mountains owned by the Societ Miniere Almasel-Porcurea. A lease agreement for the deposit was concluded with the company. ( 46 ° 5 ′ 39.9 ″  N , 22 ° 26 ′ 12.9 ″  E )

  • Baia de Aries

The Baia de Arieş deposit in the Apuseni Mountains has a complex polymetallic mineralization of gold, copper, lead and zinc. ( 46 ° 22 ′ 47.8 ″  N , 23 ° 16 ′ 55.6 ″  E )

  • Băița

A deposit in the Apuseni Mountains that was examined in 1943/44. In addition to lead-zinc mineralization, molybdenum and bismuth ores also occurred. ( 46 ° 1 ′ 59.9 ″  N , 22 ° 53 ′ 29.2 ″  E )

  • Brusturi

A polymetallic deposit with copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum in the Apuseni Mountains. This was examined in 1943. ( 46 ° 20 ′ 47.1 ″  N , 22 ° 53 ′ 14.1 ″  E )

  • Muncelu Mic

A lead-zinc deposit in the Poiana-Ruscă Mountains . ( 45 ° 50 ′ 51.6 ″  N , 22 ° 43 ′ 54.3 ″  E )

Greece

  • Plaka

The deposit in the Lavrion region consists of a lead-zinc-copper skarn with bismuth and nickel-bearing veins. An investigation took place in 1943/44. ( 37 ° 45 ′ 47.1 ″  N , 24 ° 1 ′ 23.6 ″  E )

Serbia

  • Trepča

There are several larger deposits in the Trepča region . Lead-zinc-silver mineralization is predominant. Nickel and cobalt ores also occur. Most of the mines belonged to the Selection Trust Company in London. In 1940 Deutsche Revisions- und Treuhand AG tried to buy the pits. This did not happen, however, because in April 1941 the pits were placed under the provisional administration of the German occupation authorities. So the efforts of the Sachsz between 1940 and 1943 were unsuccessful. ( 42 ° 56 ′ 22.6 ″  N , 20 ° 55 ′ 21.6 ″  E )

  • Avala

There are several small cinnabarite deposits on the Avala mountain near Beli Potok. The Sachsz carried out investigations here between 1940 and 1943. ( 44 ° 41 ′ 39.9 ″  N , 20 ° 31 ′ 1.5 ″  E )

Poland

There were several lead-zinc mines in the Katowice area. The Boleslaw mine near Sosnowitz was operated by the Sosnowiecer Mining Company and the Ulysses mine near Dombrowa by the French-Russian Mining Company. In 1941 the Ostdeutsche Erz- und Metallhandelsgesellschaft mbH acquired the mines. The Sachsenz, which also expressed interest in the pits, initially came away empty-handed. However, according to a stipulation by the Reich Economics Minister, the metal trading company had to deliver lead ores from these pits to the Sachsenz.

ČSR

  • Brettmühl

Between 1941 and January 1945, the Sachsenz tried to obtain the mining license for the Anna Zeche and Michaelis Zeche in Brettmühl .

Transfer of the capital to a joint stock company

In a merger agreement dated September 22, 1944, the capital of Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH was transferred to Zwitterstocks AG in Altenberg.

On September 18, 1948, the VVB Buntmetalle Freiberg applied to the Ehrenfriedersdorf District Court for the Sachsenz Bergwerksgesellschaft mbH to be deleted from the Ehrenfriedersdorf land register. The following was entered on this land register sheet: Property of the people, represented by VVB Buntmetalle Freiberg.

literature

  • W. Jobst, W. Rentzsch: Mines in the Freiberg region. Freiberg 1993, DNB 940070928 .
  • R. Hirsch: Freiberg ore mining and the prospects for a resumption. In: Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in Saxony. Born in 1927, part B.
  • F. Schumacher: About the possibilities of reviving the Saxon ore mining. Freiberg 1933.
  • FA Wernicke: Five years of building up in ore mining and metalworking in Saxony. In: Metall und Erz. Vol. 35, 1938, pp. 304-314.
  • H. Ebel: The Sachsenz concern. Product and component of German capitalism. Dissertation, Bergakademie Freiberg, Faculty of Engineering Economics. Freiberg 1963.
  • Tobias Wanielik, Frank Haeßler: The Sachsenz Bergwerks AG. Is it worth using sticks and irons? Technical work Advanced course in history, Geschwister-Scholl-Gymnasium Freiberg, Freiberg 2008.
  • Activity reports from the State Mining Authority. In: Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in Saxony. Born in 1937, 1938.
  • Freiberg mountain archive, inventory 40105-1 No. 0001/2, 0054/55, 0015, 0585, 0023, 0662, 0668, 1912, 1007, 1120, 1355, 1415, 1444, 1589.

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