Johannes Comander

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Johannes Comander , actually Dorfmann , also hat maker , (* around 1484 in Maienfeld , Graubünden , † January 1557 in Chur ) was a Swiss theologian and reformer of the city of Chur and Graubünden.

Live and act

Comander attended the St. Gallen convent school at the same time as Joachim Vadian and enrolled at the University of Basel in the winter semester of 1502 , where he made the acquaintance of Ulrich Zwingli . In 1505 he became a Baccalaureus. After completing his studies, he became parish administrator in 1512 and Catholic pastor in Escholzmatt in 1521 .

In 1523 he joined the Reformation movement and was appointed to the main church of St. Martin in Chur. Here he preached in the Reformation sense, distributed the Lord's Supper instead of Holy Mass for the first time in 1526 and pushed through the Reformation in Chur until 1527. He has given about 1,500 sermons.

Comander was in constant contact with the other Swiss reformers such as Ulrich Zwingli , Joachim von Watt and Heinrich Bullinger . Letters to and from Zwingli have survived from the years 1525 to 1528. He preached that the word of God was the basis of the church and of faith, implemented Zwingli's emblematic doctrine of the Lord's Supper and fought against the Anabaptists and the covenants of wages. Encouraged by the other reformers, he wrote his 18 Reformation theses and defended them at the Ilanz Religious Discussion on January 7, 1526. These Reformation theses were later used by Berchtold Haller and Franz Kolb as a template for the closing speeches of the 1528 Bern disputation .

When Comander became chairman of the clergy synod on January 14, 1537, he set up synodal institutions together with the Zurich reformer Heinrich Bullinger. Together with the second parish priest Johannes Blasius in 1537 he wrote the first Graubünden catechism for young people. This is only preserved in a Rhaeto-Romanic translation by Jachiam Tütschett Bifrun from 1552, which was printed in Poschiavo in 1571 .

In the course of the Reformation, he initiated the opening of a humanistic Latin school in the Dominican monastery of St. Nicolai in 1539 and in 1545 he wrote the Chur church ordinance.

When his older employees succumbed to the plague in 1550, he and his young colleague Philipp Gallicius were able to set up the Confessio Raetica in 1553 , which was replaced by the Confessio Helvetica posterior in 1566 . The appearance of Italian Unitarians like Camillo Renato and reformers like Pier Paolo Vergerio in the south of Graubünden worried him, but he was able to steer the Evangelical Church through all dangers.

reception

In 1957, 400 years after his death, the Comander Church was inaugurated in Chur's honor . It is the only church in the world that bears this name.

The pastor of the Comanderkirche, Fritz Peer, wrote a festival Soli Deo Gloria in honor of Comander in 2007 .

Works

  • Catechism , ed. with Johannes Blasius, 1537; 1552 (?);
  • Confessio Raetica , with Philipp Gallicius, 1552

literature

Audio

  • When Luther's sympathetic friend reformed Graubünden. SRF Regional Journal Graubünden, March 18, 2015

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Huldrych Zwingli, digital texts, letters from or to Johannes Comander . Institute for Swiss Reformation History, Zurich
  2. ↑ Kurt Guggisberg: Comander, Johannes, Neue Deutsche Biographie 3, 1957, page 331 f.
  3. ^ Conradin Bonorand : Comander, Johannes. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  4. ↑ Jan-Andrea Bernhard: Letters to Heinrich Bullinger with a view to the origin, composition and reception of the »Confessio Raetica« (1552/53) , Zwingliana 40, Zurich 2013, pp. 37–71, ISSN  0254-4407
  5. ^ When Luther's sympathetic friend reformed Graubünden. SRF Regional Journal Graubünden, March 18, 2015
  6. ↑ https://www.500-jahre-reformation.ch/erfahren/reformation-schweiz/chur  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.500-jahre-reformation.ch  
  7. ↑ http://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng;jsessionid...?pid=zfk-001:1932:26::338
  8. ↑ http://www.srf.ch/news/regional/graubuenden/als-luthers-gesinnungsfreund-graubuenden-reformierte
personal data
SURNAME Comander, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dorfmann, Johannes; Hutmann, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss theologian and reformer in Chur
DATE OF BIRTH around 1484
PLACE OF BIRTH Maienfeld
DATE OF DEATH January 1557
Place of death Chur