Ilanz article
The Ilanz articles designate two ordinances from 1524 and 1526, which meant a complete reorganization of the state law of the Free State of the Three Leagues and had a decisive influence on the history of Graubünden . Through the articles that the General Bundestag passed, Ilanz became the starting point for the Bündner Reformation .
prehistory
In general, the Ilanz articles continued a tendency that began in the 15th century to grant the individual communities and neighborhoods extensive autonomy . The articles stand in the overall context of the replacement of feudal society and feudalism towards small-scale structures with democratic rights and extensive civil liberties .
The first and second Ilanz articles
The first Ilanz articles from April 4, 1524 comprised 18 points. They were directed against the abuses of the late medieval church system and demanded the presence of the bishop at court in Chur and the local clergy in their parishes. In addition, the parish election was now up to the parishes. Canon law has been taken out of all secular concerns.
In the second Ilanz articles of June 25, 1526, the rights of the Catholic Church and the bishop were severely curtailed. They were the result of a religious conversation between supporters and opponents of the Reformation and were characterized by a more radical basic feature. They were significantly influenced by the collaboration of Johannes Comander , the leading Graubünden reformer . From then on, the monasteries were under state control and were no longer allowed to accept novices until further notice . The bishopric was elected by the cathedral chapter , but required the approval of the church association . The Frondienstbarkeit and the tithe levy were kept to a minimum.
consequences
With the Ilanz articles, the last sovereign rights of the bishop for the entire area of the three leagues were lost. As a result, the Upper Engadin became a sovereign member in the Free State of the Three Leagues under international law.
The Ilanz articles were valid until the end of the Alt Fry Raetia state in the course of the Napoleonic upheavals in Europe. The modern Canton of Graubünden is also continuing the legacy of the Ilanz articles in its legislation.
Individual evidence
literature
- Martin Bundi: Ilanz article. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Martin Bundi: Ilanz as a place of significant reforms in the early 16th century. In: Bündner Monatsblatt 2/2016, pp. 131–161.
- Peter Liver: The Ilanz article. In: From feudalism to democracy in the Graubünden rear Rhine valleys. Speaker, Chur 1929, pp. 99-107.
- Gisela Möncke: Ilanzer and Sarganser article in a pamphlet from 1523. In: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 100, 1989, pp. 370–388.
- Immacolata Saulle Hippenmeyer: Neighborhood, parish and community in Graubünden 1400-1600 (= sources and research on the history of Graubünden. Volume 7). Bündner monthly newspaper / Desertina, Chur 1997.