Camillo Renato

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Camillo Renato (Latinized: Camillius Siculus ; * around 1500 in Palermo , † 1575 in Caspano near Traona , Valtellina ) was a Franciscan, Catholic theologian, later a Protestant teacher and anti-Trinitarian Anabaptist from Italy , who mainly worked in Valtellina.

life and work

Renato was born around 1500 under the name Paolo Ricci in Palermo and was also known under the Lisia (s) Fileno or Fileno Lunardi . He joined the Franciscans as a young man and studied theology in Padua , Venice and Ferrara , where he became friends with Celio Secondo Curione . Around 1525 he was interrogated and acquitted by the nunciature of Altobello Averoldi. After 1530 he came into contact with Reformation ideas and took part in Reformation meetings in Naples . Later he changed his place of residence several times, including in Padua, Venice, Modena and finally in 1538 in Bologna . As a writer, he argued for positions of Reformation. In 1540 he was imprisoned in Ferrara by the Catholic Inquisition on charges of Lutheran heresy , sentenced to life imprisonment and forced to renounce his Reformation views.

In 1542 he escaped from prison; Together with Celio Secondo Curione, he left Italy in 1542 and moved to Valtellina, then in the Grisons . He worked as a teacher in Caspano, Traona and Vicosoprano . In the period before 1545 he took the name Camillo Renato, which could have been an expression of his theological break with infant baptism and also a reference to his patron and liberator Renata of Ferrara .

From 1547 he spread Anabaptist and anti-Trinitarian ideas in Chiavenna in the local Reformed community, about which he came into conflict with Heinrich Bullinger, among others . Renato did not comply with the request to appear at a Reformed synod in 1547 in order to dispel the dissent. Renato also refused to sign the reformed creed presented by the evangelical pastor Agostino Mainardi in Chiavenna. As a result, he was excommunicated from the Reformed Church in 1550. As early as 1551, one year later, Renato signed such a confession and thus swore off his Anabaptist-anti-Trinitarian views, for example concerning the Trinity and the sacraments, presumably to avoid expulsion.

In 1552 he traveled to Bergamo , where he was arrested. The Venetian authorities released him despite an extradition request from Rome from the nunciature Ludovico Beccadelli. Around 1570 he moved to Caspano above Traona in Valtellina, where he was able to work as a teacher. As a writer he hardly appeared any more; an exception was a long poem in Latin in 1554 in which he clearly opposed the unjust conviction and murder of Michael Servet . Renato went blind in old age and died in the village of Caspano in 1575.

Teaching

Renato's importance lies primarily in his influence on the theological development of the Unitarian theologian Lelio Sozzini , who also came from Italy . In addition, Renato is an example of the connection between Anabaptist and Unitarian ideas. For Renato, for example, the Lord's Supper and baptism did not have a sacramental character. He understood the Lord's Supper as a symbolic remembrance meal, and baptism represented an individual confession of faith for him. With these spiritualistic positions he turned against the Catholic as well as against the Lutheran and Reformed churches. He also advocated psicopannichilismo , which states that souls would sleep (first) after death.

Works

  • Trattato del Battesimo e della Santa Cena , 1547
  • De injusto Serveti incendio , 1554
  • Opera. Documenti e testimonianze a cura di Antonio Rotondò, Florence and Chicago 1968 (Corpus reformatorum italicorum), therein: Carmina (1538–1540), Apologia (1540), Trattato del battesimo e della santa cena (1547), Certa in symbolum professio ad Fridericum Salicem (1648), In Ioannem Calvinum de iniusto Michaelis Serveti incendio (1554), Carteggio (1542–1549)

literature

  • Luca Baschera: Camillo Renato. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2012.01-18 , accessed March 28, 2020 .
  • Jan-Andrea Bernhard: Letters to Heinrich Bullinger with a view to the origin, composition and reception of the »Confessio Raetica« (1552/53). Zwingliana 40, Zurich 2013, pp. 37-71, ISSN  0254-4407
  • Barbara Mahlmann-Bauer: Protestant religious refugees in Switzerland (1540–1580). In: Hartmut Laufhütte , Michael Titzmann (ed.): Heterodoxy in the early modern times (= early modern times. Vol. 117). De Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-1109-2869-3 , pp. 119-160.
  • Amy Nelson Burnett and Emidio Campi : A Companion to the Swiss Reformation, Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition , Brill, 2016, ISBN 978-9-00431-635-5 , pp. 319–322.
  • Olaf Reese: Lutheran metaphysics in dispute. Reports of Calvo's anti-Socinian campaigns , dissertation, Göttingen 2008.
  • Antonio Rotondò: Camillo Renato, Opere, documenti e testimonianze , Sansoni & The Newberry Library, Firenze & Northern Illinois University Press, Chicago 1968, ISBN 978-0-8758-0034-9 ; the same: Studi e ricerche di storia ereticale italiana del Cinquecento. Giappichelli, Torino 1974.
  • Silvana Seidel Menchi : Erasmus as Heretic: Reformation and Inquisition in Italy in the 16th Century , Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought, Volume 49, Brill 1993, ISBN 978-9-00409-474-1
  • Manfred E. Welti: Brief history of the Italian Reformation (= writings of the Association for Reformation History . Vol. 193). Mohn, Gütersloh 1985, ISBN 3-579-01663-6 , pp. 31-105 ( digitized in the Google book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lukas Vischer: The Communion Difficulties in Chiavenna. Article in Bündner monthly newspaper, magazine for Bündner Geschichte, Landeskunde and Baukultur 1956, issue 8–9, pp. 269–278
  2. ↑ Jan-Andrea Bernhard: Letters to Heinrich Bullinger with a view to the origin, composition and reception of the »Confessio Raetica« (1552/53) , Zwingliana 40, Zurich 2013, pp. 37–71, ISSN  0254-4407
  3. ↑ Luca Baschera: Renato, Camillo. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  4. ^ Biographical entry on Camillo Renato in the Treccani Encyclopedia
  5. ↑ digital at google books
personal data
SURNAME Renato, Camillo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sicilus, Camillius (Latinized); Ricci, Paolo (maiden name); Fileno, Lisia; Fileneo, Lisias; Fileno Lunardi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION anti-Trinitarian Baptist, theologian and teacher
DATE OF BIRTH around 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH Palermo
DATE OF DEATH 1575
Place of death Caspano, Traona