Celio Secondo Curione

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Curio coelius secundus.jpg

Celio Secondo Curione (born May 1, 1503 in Cirié near Turin, † November 24, 1569 in Basel ) was a humanist scholar and Protestant theologian of Italian origin.

Life

Before fleeing Italy

Celio Secondo Curione was born as the 23rd child of Jacomino Troterio Curione into a Piedmontese aristocratic family. His mother Carlotta Montrotier died giving birth. His father also died early. Curione began his studies in liberal arts and law in Turin , where he came into contact with ideas of the Reformation. As early as 1523 he read the writings of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon . When he then tried to visit Germany with friends, he was detained at the behest of the bishop. Curione soon fled to Milan , from where he made further trips to Italy. Around 1530 he married Margherita Bianca Isacchi. They had nine children together.

After most of his siblings had died, Curione returned to his homeland, where he again came into conflict with the church authorities because of his religious views. In 1536 he took over a chair at the University of Pavia , where he taught until 1539. Here, too, he had to give way to pressure from the Catholic Church. As a result, he stayed in various cities in northern Italy, where he frequented the evangelical circles. In Venice he made the acquaintance of Giulio da Milano , in Ferrara with Fulvio Pellegrino Morato and in Lucca with Peter Martyr Vermigli and Girolamo Zanchi . In Lucca he was summoned to justify himself in 1542. He escaped this summons in August when he fled to the Swiss Confederation. Together with Camillo Renato he left Italy and reached Zurich via Lombardy and the Rhaetian Alps.

As a religious refugee in Switzerland

Provided with letters of recommendation from Konrad Pelikan and Heinrich Bullinger , Curione went to Geneva via Bern , where he met Johannes Calvin . He finally accepted the position of convict leader and teacher at the Latin school in Lausanne . It is here that he probably published the first edition of his Pasquino in estasi in 1543 , a strongly anti-clerical and anti-papal satire that had great success throughout Europe.

In 1546 Curione had to leave Lausanne because of an affair with a student. He settled with his family in Basel, where he held a chair at the university from 1547. Here he stayed for the rest of his life as professor of rhetoric , editor and translator. Martin Borrhaus and some of the printers such as Froben , Bonifacius Amerbach and Johannes Oporinus belonged to his circle of friends in Basel . He also maintained contact with other religious refugees, such as Sebastian Castellio , who had left Geneva in a dispute with Calvin in 1544, and the Italian Lelio Sozzini . It has not been established whether he also had contact with the Dutchman David Joris , who was later condemned as a heretic . From Basel, Curione continued to maintain a broad network of correspondence. Bullinger is the most important correspondence partner, and he also corresponded with Wolfgang Musculus , Johannes Sturm , Philipp Melanchthon and other theologians. Curione published part of his correspondence in 1553 ( Selectarum Epistolarum ). Curione was held in high regard as a professor. He attracted many students, some of whom he hosted in his home. Particularly noteworthy is his contact with the many Polish students who were in Basel at the time.

Journalistic activity

In addition to his collection of pasquilli, Curio initially published educational writings and school books in Basel. He also worked as a theological writer. When Castellio fought against the condemnation of Michael Servetus in 1554 with a book, Curione was suspected of being a co-author by Johannes Calvin and Théodore de Bèze . Curione gained quite a stir with his De amplitudine beati regni Dei . Because of the explosiveness of the theological statements it contained, he did not have the script printed in Basel, but in Poschiavo in order to circumvent the Basel censorship. The font was dedicated to the Polish King Sigismund . The font was rejected by some of his friends, including Bullinger. By Pier Paolo Vergerio as Curione a faith refugee from Italy, the writing was fiercely fought and Curione the Basel council as heretics denounced. Curione was largely able to exonerate himself before the investigative committee of the censorship authorities . After this process, Curione abstained from theological writing, but remained in correspondence with representatives of the Reformation. He was now increasingly active as an editor and author of historical writings. As editor, he is remembered above all for editing the works of the humanistic poet Olympia Fulvia Morata . As a historian, he is respected with his story of the siege of Malta from 1565 to the present day.

The last few years

Three of Curione's daughters died of the plague in 1564. His sons Horatio († 1564) and Augustin († 1567) worked as a journalist like their father and also died early. Only Leone survived his father († 1601). He left handwritten notes on his father's life. After the death of his daughters, Curione withdrew more and more. He rejected offers from abroad. He died on November 24, 1569. He was buried next to his children in the small cloister of the Basel Minster . His wife Margherita survived him by more than seventeen years; she died in 1587.

Works (selection)

  • Pasquillus ecstaticus et Marphorius , Basel 1544.
    • German: The verzucket Pasquinus. Auss Welscher spoke in the Teütsch brought , Augsburg 1543 (?). Digitized
    • Italian: Pasqvino in Estasi, Nuouo, e molto più pieno, ch'el primo, insieme co'l viaggio de l'Inferno , Rome (?) 1545.
    • French: Les visions de Pasquille , Geneva 1547.
    • English: Pasquine in a Traunce , London 1566.
  • Pro vera et antiqua Ecclesiae Christi autoritate , Basel 1547. Digitized
  • Selectarvm Epistolarum Libri duo , Basel 1553. Digitized
  • De amplitudine beati regni Dei , Basel (Poschiavo?) 1554.
  • Schola, sive de perfecto Grammatico , Basel 1555.
  • Davidis Georgii Holandi haeresiarchae vita & doctrina: quandiu Basileae fuit: tum quid post eius mortem, cum cadavere, libris, ac reliqua eius familia actum sit, per rectorem et Aacademiam Basilien. ... conscripta . - Basileae: Curio, 1559. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • De bello Melitensi Historia nova , Basel 1567.
    • German: Neuwe and warhäftige histories, of the terrible war so the Turkish Keyser Solyman against the Knights of Jerusalem, recently fought in the islands of Malta , Basel 1567.
  • De Historia legenda sententia ad Basilium Amerbachium , Basel 1576.

editor

  • Pasquillorum tomi duo , Basel 1544.
  • Marii Nizoli Brixellensis observationes , Basel 1548.
  • Appiani Alexandrini Romanarum Historiarum De bellis Punicis liber, De bellis Syriacis liber, De bellis Parthicis liber, De bellis Mithridaticis liber, De bellis civilibus libri V, De bellis Gallicis liber, seu potius epitome ... Basel 1554.
  • Olympiae Fulviae Moratae mulieris omnium eruditissimae Latina et Graeca, quae haberi potuerunt, monumenta, eaque plane divina, cum eruditorum de ipsa iudicijs et laudibus , Basel 1558.
  • M. Antonii Coccii Sabellici Opera omnia , cum supplemento, Basel 1560.
  • M. Tullii Ciceronis Orationum Pars I , Basel 1562.
  • Aristotelis Stagiritae Tripartitae philosophiae Opera omnia absolutissima , Basel 1563.

expenditure

  • Damiano Mevoli (Ed.): [Celio Secondo Curione]: Pasquillorum tomi duo. 2 volumes (the second in two sub-volumes). Vecchiarelli, Manziana 2013–2015, ISBN 978-88-8247-331-0 for volume 1 and ISBN 978-88-8247-374-7 for volume 2 (Latin text and Italian translation)

literature

  • Albano Biondi: Celio Secondo Curione. In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Volume 31, Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1985, pp. 443-449.
  • Delio Cantimori: Italian Heretics of the Late Renaissance. Basel 1949.
  • Luca D'Ascia: Frontiers: Erasmo da Rotterdam, Celio Secondo Curione, Giordano Bruno. Bologna 2004. ISBN 88-8342-257-0 .
  • Hermann-Peter Eberlein: The free spirit in exile. Persecution of heretics using the example of Caelio Secondo Curione, Bernardino Ochino and Etienne Dolet. In: Patrik Mähling (Ed.): Orientation for life. Church education and politics in the late Middle Ages, Reformation and modern times (Festschrift for Manfred Schulze). Berlin 2010, pp. 140–158.
  • Herbert Jaumann : Curione, Celio Secondo. In: Handbook of scholarly culture in the early modern period. Volume 1, Berlin 2004, p. 207 f. ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Markus Kutter : Celio Secondo Curione. Life and work. Basel 1955.
  • Barbara Mahlmann-Bauer: Protestant religious refugees in Switzerland (1540–1580). In: Hartmut Laufhütte , Michael Titzmann (ed.): Heterodoxy in the early modern times (= early modern times. Vol. 117). De Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-1109-2869-3 , pp. 119-160.
  • Silvana Seidel Menchi : Erasmus as a heretic. Reformation and Inquisition in Italy in the 16th Century. Leiden 1993. ISBN 90-04-09474-1 .
  • Uwe Plath: The dispute over С. See "Curione De amplitudine beati regni Dei" in 1554 in Basel. In: Eresia e Riforma nell'Italia del Cinquecento. Florence 1974, pp. 269-281.
  • Uwe Plath: Calvin and Basel in the years 1552–1556. Zurich 1974.
  • Manfred E. Welti: Brief history of the Italian Reformation (= writings of the Association for Reformation History . Vol. 193). Mohn, Gütersloh 1985, ISBN 3-579-01663-6 , pp. 23-135 ( digitized in the Google book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Kutter 1955, casus coelii , p. 86ff.
  2. ↑ Kutter 1955, p. 176ff., Cf. but Cantimori 1949, p. 99ff.
  3. ↑ Jacob Burckhardt derives his descent from Leo. Kutter 1955 p. 267.
personal data
SURNAME Curione, Celio Secondo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Curio, Coelius Secundus; Curio, Caelius Secundus; Curione, Celio Secundo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION humanistic scholar and evangelical theologian of Italian origin
DATE OF BIRTH May 1, 1503
PLACE OF BIRTH Cirié
DATE OF DEATH November 24, 1569
Place of death Basel