Bondo GR

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GR is the abbreviation for the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland and is used to avoid confusion with other entries of the name Bondof .
Bondo
Bondo coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : canton of Grisonscanton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region : Maloja
Political community : Bregagliai2
Postal code : 7606
Coordinates : 762.87 thousand  /  133720 coordinates: 46 ° 20 '6 "  N , 9 ° 33' 15"  O ; CH1903:  762,870  /  133720
Height : 823  m above sea level M.
Area : 28.28  km²
Residents: 204 (December 31, 2008)
Population density : 7 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.comunedibregaglia.ch
in Bondo

in Bondo
map
Bondo GR (Switzerland)
Bondo GR
w w
Parish before the merger on January 1, 2010

Bondo (German outdated Bundth , Rhaeto-Romanic Buond ? / I ) is a village in the political municipality of Bregaglia im Bergell , in the Maloja region of the Swiss canton of Graubünden . Audio file / audio sample

Until the end of 2009, Bondo was its own political municipality in what was then Bregaglia (Bergell) in the Maloja district . On January 1, 2010, the parishes of Bergell (i.e. Bondo, Castasegna , Soglio , Stampa and Vicosoprano ) merged to form the new municipality of Bregaglia.

coat of arms

Blazon

In silver (white) on a pinned black wall, three green fir trees, in the gate opening an upright black ibex, reinforced in red.

The tin gate represents the Müraia or Porta , the ruins of the large Castelmur barrier wall near Promontogno. The ibex is the heraldic animal of the church association, the fir trees represent the forest of the community.

geography

Bondo is a clustered village in the lower part of Bergell at the entrance to Val Bondasca . The old village center lies south of the Mera river on the debris cone of the Bondasca river . The districts Promontogno and Castelmur and the Maiensassen Casnac and Bondea south of the village in the Bondasca valley also belonged to the municipality. Of the total area of ​​more than 28 km², 1671 hectares are unproductive area (mostly mountains), 1061 hectares of forest and wood, only 70 hectares of agricultural land and 17 hectares of settlement area.

history

The village is first mentioned in 1380. In Carolingian times, Bondo belonged to the Churretian ministry of Bergallia , and from 960 to the diocese of Chur . In the High Middle Ages, Bondo was a neighborhood called di là dell'acqua ("on the other side of the water") in the judicial parish of Unterporta, from 1367 part of the church association . The early medieval valley church Nossa Donna Castelmur was first mentioned in 988, the Romanesque village church of San Martino in Bondo itself was consecrated in 1250.

The Reformation was introduced on August 15, 1549 by the religious refugee Guido Zonca from Verona . In 1552 Bondo had definitely converted to the Reformation. From 1571 to 1580 the proven reformer Locarnos Giovanni Beccaria worked here as a Protestant pastor.

In 1556 Bondo bought all the goods of the Church of Santa Maria in Castelmur from Ob- and Unter-Porta. In 1593, a judgment of the Ob- Fontana-Merla court established the border between the Bernina and Poschiavo . In 1630, as a result of the arson by Serbelloni, Bondo pledged the Alps on Bernina to the knight Baptist Salis- Soglio, but dissolved them again in 1645. 1767–1773, Count Girolamo von Salis-Soglio built a stately palace at the lower end of the village.

During the Bündner turmoil , Bondo was cremated by the Spaniards in 1621, affecting 248 buildings. Then it was rebuilt as a street-oriented cluster settlement. The most important secular buildings are the Palazzo Scartazzini from 1690, the Palazzo Scartazzini, formerly Cortini, on the square from 1763, and the Palazzo Salis from 1765 to 1774. There are several Crotti between Bondo and Promontogno .

Summer tourism has been modest since the late 19th century. Most of the wood processed is exported to Italy. The employment structure has hardly changed since 1960: in 1990 the industrial sector accounted for 48% and the service sector for 44% of Bondo's jobs.

In the winter of 2011, a major landslide fell from Piz Cengalo to the south . In August 2012, a large debris flow reached the site and devastated the local campground. Not all landslide material had come off with this mudslide and the mountain flank remained highly unstable. Since a further mass movement was foreseeable, extensive building measures were carried out in 2013–2015 and a monitoring and early warning system was installed. In August 2017 there was an even bigger rock fall on Piz Cengalo. The mudslide that immediately followed drove through the village, but caused only comparatively little damage thanks to the protective structures. One of the historic buildings in Sotto Ponte was destroyed, and another among the Crotti. Three more historic buildings had to be demolished due to damage. The original village center on the left side of the Rüfe was preserved. However, eight climbers died in the mountain area. After almost two months of evacuation, a larger proportion of the residents were able to return to their homes from October. From November 2018, most of the residents lived in the village again. However, the threat level is still current.

Neighboring communities

Bondo borders Castasegna , Soglio , Stampa , Vicosoprano and Italy.

population

Population development
year 1803 1850 1900 1950 1960 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008
Residents 235 230 304 239 254 184 161 181 203 204

languages

Traditionally, Bondo speaks a Lombard dialect, the Bargaiot . In 1900, 92.76% and in 1970 95.65% said Italian as their mother tongue. Only since 1980 has there been a significant German-speaking minority in Bondo. The following table shows the development over the past decades.

Languages ​​in Bondo GR
languages 1980 census 1990 census 2000 census
number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of
German 25th 13.59% 26th 16.15% 35 19.34%
Romansh 1 0.54% 0 0.00% 3 1.66%
Italian 155 84.24% 133 82.61% 140 77.35%
Residents 184 100% 161 100% 181 100%

Religions and denominations

In 1552 the residents switched to Protestant teaching, since then the majority of the village has been Protestant Reformed.

Origin and nationality

Of the 203 residents at the end of 2005, 191 (= 94%) were Swiss citizens.

economy

Since the late Middle Ages, livestock farming has been practiced in a four-tier system of use: village, field barn, Maiensäss and Alp. The Alps on the Bernina Pass, acquired in 1429, remained in the possession of the municipality. Agriculture, chestnut farming and carting offered a sideline. From the 16th century, people from Bondo emigrated to Italy and later to Eastern Europe to work as confectioners or mercenaries. In the 20th century people went to northern Grisons or the rest of Switzerland.

politics

Bondo has been part of the municipality of Bregaglia since January 1st, 2010. Mayor is Anna Giacometti.

Sights in Bondo and the surrounding area

  • Reformed village church of San Martino
  • Palazzo Salis in Bondo, the most beautiful mansion in Bergell (architect Francesco Croce )
  • Local museum "Ciäsa Grande", including works by Varlin
  • Former mule house (two-story with extension) on the Septimerpass route from 1522 (house no.68)
  • Shell stone at the entrance to the Hotel-Ristorante Salis (825 m above sea level)

In Promontogno:

  • Former pilgrimage church of Nossa Donna
  • Castelmur Castle ruins
  • Hotel Bregaglia
  • Nursing and retirement home
  • Former school house
  • Villino
  • I crotti

Personalities

  • Molinari family
    • Conrad di Molinari (* around 1540 in Bondo; †), master builder, he built the patrician house in Bondo around 1583, which the family owned until it died out
    • Thomaso Molinari (* around 1565 in Bondo; † July 2, 1635 there), merchant in Vienna , also worked in the Kraków saltworks . Representative of the III leagues in Venice around 1607. He or another Thomaso was notary of Bergell in 1626
    • Gaudenzio Molinari (* around 1590 in Bondo; † 1650 in Faido ), merchant in Vienna, Podestà of the Bergell valley (Landammann) and mayor of Bondo
    • Daniele Molinari (* 1703 in Bondo; † 1762 ibid), Podestà and mayor of Bondo
    • Gaudenzio Molinari (* 1753 in Bondo; † 1817 ibid), important political figure in the Bergell valley and the Church of God , Landammann in the Sottoporta court 1771, 1780, 1786, 1792, 1807 and 1816
  • Giovanni Beccaria (1508 or 1511–1580), Catholic priest and reformer
  • Willy Guggenheim alias Varlin (1900–1977), Swiss painter
  • Vitale Ganzoni (1915–1990) (place of birth: Promontogno; town of Celerina / Schlarigna ), painter, wood sculptor
  • Giovanna Caflisch (born October 23, 1933 in Promontogno), primary school teacher, painter
  • Carlo Salis (born February 8, 1948 in Bondo) (town Soglio GR ), sculptor, draftsman, painter

  • In Bondo

  • Hotel Bregaglia , Promontogno

  • Promontogno

  • Palazzo Salis

  • Varlin's grave

  • Val Bondasca

literature

Web links

Commons : Bondo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bondo GR on the ETHorama platform
  2. ↑ Promontogno on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  3. ↑ Bondo on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz (accessed on June 27, 2017).
  4. ↑ Bondo on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz (accessed on June 27, 2017).
  5. ↑ Diego Giovanoli: Bondo. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2nd December 2016 .
  6. ↑ Information: Ms. Guggenheim, Bondo Village Museum
  7. ↑ Eight climbers died
  8. ↑ The first residents are returning to Bondo , NZZ, October 14, 2017
  9. ↑ Die Fren von Bondo , NZZ, November 15, 2017
  10. ↑ Diego Giovanoli: Bondo. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2nd December 2016 .
  11. ↑ Palazzo Salis on Graubünden culture
  12. ^ Franco Binda: Il mistero delle incisioni. Armando Dadò editore, Locarno 2013, pp. 116–117.
  13. ↑ Castelmur Castle at ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  14. ^ Hotel Bregaglia
  15. ↑ Nursing and retirement home
  16. ^ Schoolhouse
  17. ^ Villino
  18. ↑ I crotti
  19. ↑ Lorenz Joos: Molinari on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz, p. 115, (accessed on October 18, 2017).
  20. ↑ Lorenz Joos: Conrad di Molinari on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz, p. 115, (accessed on October 18, 2017).
  21. ↑ Lorenz Joos: Thomaso Molinari on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz, p. 115, (accessed on October 18, 2017).
  22. ↑ Lorenz Joos: Guadenzio Molinari on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz, p. 115, (accessed on October 18, 2017).
  23. ↑ Lorenz Joos: Daniele Molinari on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz, p. 115, (accessed on October 18, 2017).
  24. ↑ Lorenz Joos: Gaudenzio Molinari on biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz, p. 115, (accessed on October 18, 2017).
  25. ↑ Vitale Ganzoni. In: Sikart , accessed February 5, 2016.
  26. ↑ Giovanna Caflisch. In: Sikart
  27. ^ Carlo Salis. In: Sikart , accessed January 5, 2016.