Canary thimbles
| Canary thimbles | ||||||||||||
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| Isoplexis | ||||||||||||
| ( Lindl. ) Loudon |
As Canary foxgloves ( Isoplexis ) one is genus within the family of plantain plants referred (Plantaginaceae). The four species occur exclusively on the Central Macaronesian archipelago.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Canary Islands thimbles are shrubby and evergreen plants ( shrubs ?). The leathery leaves are dark green in color.
Generative characteristics
The flowers stand together in spike-like inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic . The petals are orange-brown. The crown upper lip is longer in them than in the other foxglove species and more or less directed upwards. The lower lip is shorter and three-lobed.
Occurrence and endangerment
The genus Isoplexis is native to the central Macaronesian archipelago, i.e. the Canary Islands and Madeira (including the offshore islands of Porto Santo and Ilhas Desertas ). The species are seldom found in their homeland and are sometimes threatened with extinction ( Isoplexis chalcantha ). They are typical elements of the laurel forest region . Isoplexis species love sunny locations.
Use and health hazard
Isoplexis canariensis is sometimes offered as an ornamental plant , but must be kept as a container plant, as all Isoplexis species are not winter hardy.
Canary thimbles contain cardiac glycosides , for example with canarigenin or uzarigenin as aglycone . D-glucose , D-fucose and D-digitoxose, in particular, appear as sugar components . An extensive therapeutic use, such as with the native thimbles , is not given due to their rare occurrence alone. Canarian thimbles are poisonous plants .
Systematics
Isoplexis (Lindl.) Loudon is treated as a synonym of Digitalis L. by some authors . Isoplexis is therefore a section within the genus Digitalis . See: C. Brauchler, H. Meimberg & G: Heubl: Molecular Phylogeny of the genera Digitalis. L and Isoplexis (Lindley) Loudon (Veronicaceae) based on ITS- and trnL-F sequences , In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 248, Issue 1-4, 2004, pp. 111-128.
The genus Isoplexis belongs to the tribe Digitalideae in the family Plantaginaceae and was previously classified in the families Scrophulariaceae or Veronicaceae.
The four types of Isoplexis are:
- Canarian Foxglove ( Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon ): It occurs on La Palma , La Gomera and Tenerife .
- Canarian foxglove ( Isoplexis chalcantha Svent. & O'Shan. ): It occurs in Gran Canaria . It has the number of chromosomes 2n = 56.
- Canarian dwarf thimble ( Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb) Masf. ): It occurs on Gran Canaria.
- Madeiran Foxglove ( Isoplexis sceptrum (L. f.) Loudon ): It occurs on Madeira.
literature
- Walter Erhardt among others: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
- Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos-Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora . Page 196-197. Stuttgart 1994. ISBN 3-440-06223-6
- Isoplexis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on July 10, 2013 (Systematics section)
- Frank Schaller: In-vitro cultivation of Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Lindl. ex G. Don and studies on the cardenolide content. Dissertation, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 1998, DNB 955623324
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Karol Marhold, 2011´ +: Plantaginaceae : Isoplexis data sheet In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ Isoplexis chalcantha at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis