Highly Alemannic
Höchst Alemannic is a group of Alemannic dialects that are spoken in the extreme southwest of the German-speaking area.
features
The maximum alemannischen dialects differ from the north adjacent high alemannischen that the hiatus no Diphthongierung has been performed:
| Highly Alemannic ( Sensory ) | Highest Alemannic ( Glarner German) | High Alemannic ( Bern German ) | Standard German |
|---|---|---|---|
| nice y e | schn ii e | schn ei e | schn ei s (with [aɪ]) |
| b u e | b uu e | b ou e | b au en |
Another feature is preserving the declension of predicative adjectives :
| Highly Alemannic (Sensory) | Highest Alemannic (Glarus German) | High Alemannic (Bern German) | Standard German |
|---|---|---|---|
| as is beautiful s | It ish like schüü s | so nice | it is nice |
| si isch beautiful i | si isch ä schüün i | si isch beautiful / ä beautifuli | she is beautiful |
A special plural form of weak feminine nouns can also be found in many of the highest Alemannic dialects. In contrast to the previous features, this is not an archaism , but an innovation, possibly created under the influence of the neighboring Romance dialects:
| Highly Alemannic (Sensory) | Highest Alemannic (Glarus German) | High Alemannic (Bern German) | Standard German |
|---|---|---|---|
| a Tan a | e fir e | e fir e | a fir e |
| two tan e | zwi Tann e | zwo Tann e | two Tann en |
As a further archaism, the possessive genitive is still alive in various High Alemannic dialects , while the genitive is often completely absent in the High Alemannic dialects .
Some of the highest Alemannic dialects have various other archaisms, for example in the adjacent syllable vowelism , so that Valais German in particular is often viewed as the most conservative Alemannic dialect.
distribution
- Bernese Oberland in the south-eastern part of the canton
- Uri , Ob- and Nidwalden
- Canton Schwyz , excluding the Höfe district
- Canton of Glarus
- Canton of Zug , only in the Ägerital
- Canton Lucerne , only the municipalities of Vitznau , Weggis and Greppen
- Sense district in the canton of Friborg ( Senslerdeutsch )
- Wallis ( Valais German )
- Language islands populated from Valais ( see Walser ):
- in Ticino : Bosco / Gurin
- in Italy :
- in the Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley : Gressoney with Gressoney-La Trinité (Walser Greschòney upper part ) and Gressoney-Saint-Jean (Walser Greschòney Ondteil òn Méttelteil ), Issime (Walser Eischeme )
- in the province of Vercelli: Alagna Valsesia (German Im Land ), Rimella (Walser Rémmalju ), Riva Valdobbia (Walser Rifu )
- in the province of Verbania-Cusio-Ossola: Formazza (Walser Pomatt ), Macugnaga (Walser Z Makaná )
- extinct Walser dialect is now in: Rima San Giuseppe (walserisch Arimmu ) Carcoforo , Rimasco (walserisch Rimàsk ), Fobello (walserisch Fubell ), Campello Monti , Salecchio (walserisch Saley ), Agaro (walserisch Ager ), Ausone (walserisch Ogschtu ) , Ornavasso (Walser Urnifasch )
- in the canton of Graubünden : Obersaxen , Vals , Safiental , Rheinwald , Avers , Mutten , Davos , Prättigau
- in the Principality of Liechtenstein : Triesenberg
- in Vorarlberg : Damüls , Großwalsertal , Kleinwalsertal ; Tannberg with Schröcken , Lech and Warth plus Lechleiten and Gehren in Tyrol
- The Walser dialect has been replaced by other dialects in Brandnertal , Ebnit (above Dornbirn ), Laternsertal , Silbertal , Galtür ( Tyrol / Paznaun ), Mathon (municipality of Ischgl) / Tyrol
literature
The Franzos im Jbrig von Gall Morel (1824) was edited in 1895 by Meinrad Lienert as Chevreau or die Franzosen im Ybrig in the Iberg dialect. Text sample:
- Yeah, i'm going to give it to the gade use tschamppet, but eö, es is mer afäd nümme probably avenges gsi bi the thing. Woni gäge d'Herti chume, se gsehni neimes Tüfels from dr Guggere appe cho, it is no chamois, no chicken thief and no cloak gsi, so rothi has so rothi at the front and red's collar gha, churtz i cha nid saw what as gsi is, but emal neimigs Ughürigs da big. (H. Humm (Hrsg.), Three times "Dr Franzos im Ybrig", Kulturverein Chärnehus, Einsiedeln 1992, p. 35)
See also
Web links
- Alemannic Wikipedia (including highest Alemannic )
- Dialect sample (Valais German)