Sensler German
Sensler German | ||
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Spoken in |
Switzerland ( Sense district , plus Gurmels and the city of Friborg in the canton of Friborg ) | |
Linguistic classification |
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Official status | ||
Official language in | - | |
Language codes | ||
ISO 639 -1 |
- |
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ISO 639 -2 |
gsw (Swiss German) |
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ISO 639-3 |
gsw |
Senslerdeutsch (sensl. Seislertütsch [z̥ɛjz̥lərtytʃ]) is a Swiss dialect in the canton of Friborg . It belongs to the highest Alemannic language area.
The term “Freiburg German”, sometimes used synonymously, is imprecise because Senslerdeutsch is only spoken in the canton of Freiburg in the Sense district and in Gurmels . In the lake district , Berne German is spoken for the most part and in the remaining parts of the canton French or, in some cases, Franco Provençal . The dialect of the village of Jaun is also not counted as Sensler German, rather it is closely related to the Simmental dialect of the Bernese Oberland.
distribution
Sense German is spoken almost in the entire Sense district , but newcomers, especially from the canton of Berne, have ensured that Berne German is also used in various communities. The community of Gurmels and the German-speaking dialect of the city of Freiburg are also counted as part of the Sensler German-speaking area.
The local dialects within Sensler German differ only slightly. A special feature is the so-called Bolz, a German-French mixed dialect that was formerly spoken by the urban lower class in the lower town of Freiburg.
The number of Sensler German speakers is estimated to be at least 30,000.
Senslerdeutsch was added to the list of living traditions in the canton of Friborg in 2014.
Knowledge and care of Sensler German
Until the 1960s, the Sense district was an island of languages. He was sandwiched between Patois or French speakers and Reformed Bernese with whom there was little contact. The Sensler dialect has thus retained many archaic terms and structures from the Middle Ages. It has more influences from its Romance neighbors than other dialects. After all, this narrow, sensory world also promoted special linguistic developments.
Like the world around, people's language has changed over the past 50 years. Everyone has to be more mobile. In the Unterland villages, Senslerdeutsch is exposed to strong external pressure. At the same time, in a globalized world, home and native language are becoming more important - dialects are booming in German-speaking Switzerland. People praise peripheral mouth styles like Senslerdeutsche. Despite, or perhaps because of, small (compromise) adjustments in vocabulary, the German-speaking Swiss are more aware of the senses than they did 20-30 years ago. Senslerdeutsch has become a formative and popular trademark for Sensler.
language
Sound (phonology)
In the following, some information is given where Senslerdeutsch differs from Standard German pronunciation:
Sensler German sound * | pronunciation | Example word | Pronunciation of the example word | German translation |
a | [ ɑ ] | M aa | [ mɑː ] | Man / moon |
Ä | [ æ ] | Schn ä gg (e) | [ ʃnækː (ə) ] | slug |
ch | [ χ ] - [ ɣ ] | la ch e - a ch i | [ lɑχːə ] - [ ɑɣ̊ɪ ] | laugh - down |
e | [ ɛ ] - [ ə ] | S ee - Lääb e | [ z̥ɛː ] - [ læːb̥ə ] | Sea - life |
egg | [ ɛj ] | f ei n | [ fɛjn ] | fine, good (when eating) |
gg | [ k ] | Gg affi | [ kɑfːɪ ] | coffee |
i | [ ɪ ] | h ii m | [ hɪːm ] | home |
ie / ye | [ iə ] | z ie - k ye | [ tsiə̯ ] - [ kχiːə ] | pull - fall |
k / q | [ kχ ] | An k e - Q uala | [ ɑŋkχə ] - [ kχwɑlɑ ] | Butter - jellyfish |
O | [ ɔ ] | sch o | [ ʃɔ ] | beautiful |
ö | [ œ ] | sch ÖÖ n | [ ʃœːn ] | beautiful |
p | [ p ] | P insù | [ pɪnz̥ʊ ] | Brush, clumsy |
r | [ ʀ ] or [ ɾ ] | Voo r tǜu | [ fɔːʀtʏw ] / [ fɔːɾtʏw ] | advantage |
s | simple: [ Z ], double: [ s ] , before t and p : [ ʃ ] | lä s e - mä ss e - S taab - | [ læːz̥ə ] - [ mæsːə ] - [ ʃtɑːb̥ ] | read - measure - stick |
sch | [ ʃ ] - [ ʒ ] | laundri sch e - Bagaa sch | [ væʃːə ] - [ b̥ɑg̥ɑːʒ̥ ] | washing - luggage |
t | [ t ] | T ana | [ tɑnɑ ] | fir |
u | [ u ] | pf uu se | [ pfuːz̥ə ] | sleep, hiss |
ù | [ ʊ ] | L ù ft | [ lʊft ] | air |
ü | [ y ] | L u tt | [ lyt ] | People |
ǜ | [ ʏ ] | H ǜ tta | [ hʏtːɑ ] | House, hut |
y | [ i ] | Yy cheesy | [ iːlɑːd̥ɪg̥ ] | invitation |
(* = Spelling in the Sensler German dictionary and in the Sensler German literature)
Notes: Vowels written twice mean long pronunciation (e.g. aa, ii, ǜǜ, ff, pp, tt , etc.).
Example sentence Standard German - Senslerdeutsch:
- High German: "I let it be"
- Senslerdeutsch: "I laa's la syy" [ ɪ lɑːz̥ lɑ z̥iː ]
See also the Alemannic Wikipedia, which shows an example sentence for each Alemannic dialect .
grammar
As in other Alemannic dialects, the perfect form is used as the past; There is no past tense. There is also no future tense.
Predicative adjectives are inflected in Senslerdeutsche - as in the other most Alemannic dialects (very often with people); However, due to the influence of Bern German, the inflection can also be omitted:
Sensler German | Standard German | High German, literally | |
bent | As is beautiful s . | You / it's nice. | It's nice there . |
unbowed | As is beautiful. | You / it's nice. | It is nice. |
The passive with the auxiliary verb will be formed with choo , following the example of the neighboring Franco Provençal:
Sensler German | Standard German | High German, literally |
Di Spraach chùnnt fasch in the whole Seisebezirk gredt. | This language is spoken almost in the whole Sense district. | This language is spoken almost in the whole Sense district. |
Another typical Romanism is the coincidence of accusative and dative in personal pronouns:
Sensler German | Standard German |
I dike a dier . | I think of you . |
I gǜbe commanding gär as Guezi. | I am happy to give you a piece of candy. |
Vocabulary
Because of its closeness to French, Senslerdeutsche has taken up many French words and adapted them to the language a little. So one says for «umbrella» z. B. Pärisou, derived from the French "Parasol" (= parasol).
Pragmatics
As in Bern German , for example , the politeness form is not expressed by the third person plural (Sie), but by the second person plural (Ihr) .
dictionary
Christian Schmutz and Walter Haas published a Senslerdeutsch-Hochdeutsches dictionary in 2000 (see literature ). This dictionary also distinguishes between different pronunciations of some words in the communities of the Senslerdeutschen language area. Some words have the origin and z. B. also synonyms etc. Thanks to the phonetic script, the Schwyzertütsche Dialäktschrift by Eugen Dieth , it is easier to read even for laypeople and is therefore also used here in the article.
However, many people use a simpler spelling when they write Senslerdeutsch in everyday life.
Typical words
As in every Swiss dialect, there are typical words in Senslerdeutsch that tell you where you come from. Some examples:
Sensler German | Standard German | Remarks |
wù (ch) i ù a (ch) i | up and down | the forms with -y are not entirely correct, as the two words originally end in -hii ([ hɪː ], German) |
geee | had | |
yops | correct | at the same time a typical Sensler beer is called "Jùscht's" |
tampi / wala | Bad luck, then stop | from French tant pis or voilà |
Parisou | umbrella | from French parasol |
gùgge | watch | in practically all other Swiss dialects (except in the Bernese Oberland) one says luege , lugen |
iis z'cheeret ùm | one after the other, in turn | |
Raen | rain | in many Swiss dialects one says räge ; at the same time, a Sensler music group is called Rään |
Fageta | ||
Fyfauter | butterfly | |
Trǜcha | Braid | |
Häppera | potato | literally "earth pear" instead of "earth apple" as in most other dialects |
Häppöri | strawberry | not to be confused with potatoes! |
plangiga Hunn | boring dog | |
as buffet | closet | |
Nuschter | rosary | |
Gingeli | toy | |
Tùùner | devil | is hardly used anymore |
literature
- Walter Henzen : The German Freiburg dialect in the Sense and south-eastern lake district. Huber, Frauenfeld 1927 (Contributions to Swiss German Grammar XVI).
- Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : German Friborg as a special case of the southwest. In: Rudolf Hotzenköcherle: The language landscapes of German-speaking Switzerland. Edited by Niklaus Bigler and Robert Schläpfer with the assistance of Rolf Börlin. Aarau / Frankfurt a. M./Salzburg 1984 (Sprachlandschaft 1 series), pp. 227-236.
- Pascale Schaller, Alexandra Schiesser: Freiburg German. Edited by the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences . Bern 2009 (Languages and Cultures 1).
- Christian Schmutz , Walter Haas : Sensler German dictionary. Paulusverlag, Freiburg / Switzerland 2000.
- Karl Stucki : The dialect of Jaun in the canton of Friborg. Phonology and Inflection. Huber, Frauenfeld 1917 (contributions to Swiss German grammar X).
Web links
- Knowledge and care of Sensler German
- Sensler Museum: word of the month
- Well-known musicians with Sensler German lyrics: Gustav , Eggippa Fifauter