Voiceless postalveolar fricative

IPA mark	ʃ
IPA number	134
IPA character description	Latin minuscule Esh
Unicode	U + 0283
HTML (dec.)	& # 643;
X-SAMPA	S
Kirshenbaum	S
Audio sample ? / i [ ʃa ʔaʃa ]

The voiceless fricative postalveolar (a voiceless , behind the alveoli educated fricative ) is a occurring in many languages sibilant , the "generally in German as sch " sound is known.

The articulation is lamino- postalveolar or apico- postalveolar, i.e. H. the blade of the tongue or the tip of the tongue forms a turbulence-producing bottleneck with the palate behind the dental dam. In German, this is often accompanied by a rounded lip .

The sound has the following phonetic and orthographic realizations in different languages:

• German [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : Characterized by beautiful and s before p and t in initial position.
  • Examples: Fi sch [ ˈfɪʃ ], s late [ ˈʃpɛːt ], S timme [ ˈʃtɪmə ]
• English [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : Characterized by sh and sometimes s and (in derived from the Latin words) by ti and ci
  • Examples: sh eep [ ˈʃiːp ], s ure [ ˈʃʊɹ ], pa ssi on [ ˈpʰæʃn ], na ti on [ ˈneɪʃn ], gla ci al [ ˈgleɪʃl ]
• French [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : Characterized by ch .
  • Example: ch aussure [ ʃoˈsyʁ ]
• Italian [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : sc before e and i and sci before a, o and u
  • Examples: sc endi [ ˈʃendi ], cono sci amo [ konoˈʃaːmo ]
• Persian : Marked by ش
• Polish : Marked by Sz, sz (szaszłik, szkoła)
• Romanian [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : Characterized by Ş, ş
• Russian [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : Characterized by Ш, ш
• Slovak [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : Characterized by Š, š
• Spanish : Partly allophone of / ⁠ tʃ ⁠ / or / ⁠ ʝ ⁠ / , otherwise only anglicisms (but often replaced by [⁠ s ⁠] or sometimes [⁠ tʃ ⁠] ). In Latin America, especially Argentina and Uruguay, y and ll are pronounced with ʃ; see Yeísmo .
• Czech : [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : Characterized by S, S (sest šiška)
• Turkish [⁠ ʃ ⁠] : Characterized by Ş, ş
  • Example: ş ehir [ ʃɛhir ]
• Hungarian : Marked by S, s (spiritusz = spirit, sonka = ham)

See also

• consonant

Pulmonary consonants according to IPA (2005)	bilabial		labio- dental		dental		alveolar		post- alveolar		retroflex		palatal		velar		uvular		phase- ryngal		glottal
	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.
Plosives	​p​	​b​					​t​	​d​			​ʈ​	​ɖ​	​c​	​ɟ​	​k​	​ɡ​	​q​	​ɢ​			​ʔ​
Nasals		​m​		​ɱ​				​n​				​ɳ​		​ɲ​		​ŋ​		​ɴ​
Vibrants		​ʙ​						​r​										​ʀ​
Taps / flaps				​ⱱ​				​ɾ​				​ɽ​
Fricatives	​ɸ​	​β​	​f​	​v​	​θ​	​ð​	​s​	​z​	​ʃ​	​ʒ​	​ʂ​	​ʐ​	​ç​	​ʝ​	​x​	​ɣ​	​χ​	​ʁ​	​H​	​ʕ​	​H​	​ɦ​
lateral fricatives							​ɬ​	​ɮ​
Approximants				​ʋ​				​ɹ​				​ɻ​		​j​		​w​ ¹
lateral approximants								​l​				​ɭ​		​ʎ​		​ʟ​
¹ The labialised variant [ w ] was inserted here as a voiced velar approximant ( half vowel ) instead of the non-labialised variant [ ɰ ].