Glottal

Glottal articulation

Sagittal plane of the human oral cavity , oropharynx and laryngopharynx. Places of articulation (active and passive): 1 exolabial (outer part of the lip), 2 endolabial (inner part of the lip), 3 dental (teeth), 4 alveolar (front part of the dental dam), 5 postalveolar (rear part of the dental dam and a little behind), 6 prepalatal (front part of the hard palate), 7 palatal (hard palate), 8 velar (soft palate), 9 uvular (also postvelar; uvula), 10 pharyngeal (pharynx), 11 glottal (also laryngeal; vocal cords) , 12 epiglottal (epiglottis) , 13 radical (tongue root), 14 posterodorsal (rear part of the tongue), 15 anterodorsal (front part of the tongue), 16 laminal (tongue leaf ), 17 apical (tongue tip), 18 sublaminal (also subapical; underside the tongue)

As glottal in is phonetics an articulation refer to operations of the glottis , and glottis known as articulation organ serves. A distinction is made between ingressive and egressive glottal sound formations. Sounds so formed are called glottal sounds Glottallaute, glottal, laryngeal sounds Laryngallaute, laryngeals , German as laryngeal or glottal sounds called.

Glottal stroke in German

The glottal [⁠ ʔ ⁠] (engl. Glottal stop ), even glottal called, is an integral part of many varieties of standard German . The sound is a tense, glottal egressive plosive sound. It occurs when the vocal folds are closed and suddenly opened (see larynx ).

The German glottic stroke signals word and syllable boundaries and is also called a fixed voice insert . A well-known example of making oneself aware of the sound is the pair of words: travel [ fɛɐ̯ˈʀaɪ̯zn̩ ] and ice [ fɛɐ̯ˈʔaɪ̯zn̩ ]. However, since its occurrence where it is used can be predicted from the phonetic environment, it is usually not considered a German phoneme .

Glottal beat in other languages

Among the known languages, the glottic stroke occurs in Arabic (see Hamza ) and Danish ( Stød "Stoss") as well as in other Scandinavian languages ​​such as Swedish and Icelandic.

The sound is also an integral part of many English dialects, with the Cockney dialect deserving special mention. It is also becoming more widespread among educated speakers in the UK.

The "h"

The volume [⁠ h ⁠] as in house is also a glottal. The sound is also generated in the glottis (glottis), but not as a closure as [⁠ ʔ ⁠] , but as a fricative (fricative / Enge sound). He is a tense, glottal, egressive angel, which is also generated in the vocal tract (attachment tube), which consists of the pharynx, nasal and oral cavities, due to strong air pressure .

[⁠ ɦ ⁠] is a non-tensioned, voiced , glottal, egressiver Enge According . He comes z. B. in Finnish , Dutch and Czech .

literature

• John Clark; Collin Yallop; Janet Fletcher: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology. 3rd edition. Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics, Wiley-Blackwell, 2006
• T. Alan Hall: Phonology: An Introduction. De Gruyter Study Book, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-1101-5641-5
• Peter Ladefoged ; Ian Maddieson: The Sounds of the World's Languages. Blackwell, Oxford 1996, ISBN 0-631-19814-8 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Glottal  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wiktionary: glottal  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Phonetics and Phonology. Chapters 1–9, University of Bremen
• International Phonetic Association

Individual evidence

1. ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. (Hall, Chapters 1.1 - 1.5; Clark & ​​Yallop, Chapters 2 & 3) Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006
2. ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006 (Clark & ​​Yallop, Chapter 2 & 6)
3. ^ Christian Ebert: Phonetics & Phonology. Articulatory Phonetics. (Hall, Chapters 1.1 - 1.5; Clark & ​​Yallop, Chapters 2 & 3) Exercises & Solutions, Bielefeld University. Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Studies. WS 2005/2006