Voiced dental fricative

IPA mark	ð
IPA number	131
IPA character description	Latin minuscule Eth
Unicode	U + 00F0
HTML (dec.)	& # 240;
X-SAMPA	D
Kirshenbaum	D
Audio sample ? / i [ ða ʔaða ]

Formation of the voiced dental fricative

The voiced dental fricative (a voiced , between the teeth educated fricative ) has the following in different languages phonetic and orthographic realizations:

• Albanian [ð]: Denoted by the digraph dh .
  • Example: dh omë [ ˈðɔmə ] (room)

• Arabic [ð]: Represented by the letter ذ (Ḏāl) . In the DMG romanization this appears as ḏ or Ḏ.
  • Example: ذ هب / ḏ ahaba  / 'go'

• Bashkir [ð]: Denoted by the letter ҙ .
  • Example: ҡа ҙ [ qɑð ] (goose)

• Danish [ð]: The so-called "soft D" ( det bløde d ) is realized a little differently than in English or Spanish. Here the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower tooth comb, while the middle part of the tongue approaches the palate and thus (for "German ears") a more [l] -like sound is created. As in Spanish, the soft D is never in the absolute initial or after n or l .
  • Examples: rø d [ ʁøːð ] (red), he dd e [ ˈheðə ] (hot).

• English [ð]: Marked by a th, which can also denote the voiceless dental fricative . Originally (in Old English ) both sounds were written using durch / þ or Ð / ð . For more see th-Laut .
  • Example: th is [ ðɪs ] (dies)

• Fijian [ð]: Denoted by the letter c .
  • Example: c iwa [ ðiwa ] (nine)

• Icelandic [ð]: The voiced dental fricative is pronounced almost like an approximant in Icelandic at the end of words . It is always written with ð or Đ, e.g. B. orð ( German word ).

• Kiswahili [ð]: Denoted by the digraph dh .
  • Example: dh ambi [ ðɑmbi ] (sin)

• Modern Greek [ð]: The voiced dental fricative is represented in Modern Greek by the letter Delta (δέλτα): Δ (uppercase) and δ (minuscule), e.g. Ex. Δαμοκλής ( dt. Damocles ) or δημοκρατία ( dt. Democracy ).

• North Sami [ð]: Identified by the letter đ .
  • Example: die đ a [ d̥ieðɑ ] (science)

• Spanish [ð]: Any d that is not after n or l and is not in the absolute initial.
  • Example: de d o [ ˈdeðo ] (finger), te d oy [ teˈðoi̯ ] (I give you)

• Sylter Frisian / Sölring [ð]: Similar to Danish, a mixture of "D" and "L" is found in many words, often before consonants, less often as an ending.
  • Examples: üðers (Spoken similar to üllers, Ger .: "different") Faaðer (Spoken similar to Fohler, Ger .: "Father")

• Welsh [ð]: Marked by the digraph dd .
  • Example: lla dd [ ɬaːð ] (kill)

Because in English the voiceless and voiced dental fricative with th are illustrated, in German , the term th-sound [ tiɛɪtʃˌlaʊt ] established for the dental fricatives.

See also

• consonant

Pulmonary consonants according to IPA (2005)	bilabial		labio- dental		dental		alveolar		post- alveolar		retroflex		palatal		velar		uvular		phase- ryngal		glottal
	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.	stl.	sth.
Plosives	​p​	​b​					​t​	​d​			​ʈ​	​ɖ​	​c​	​ɟ​	​k​	​ɡ​	​q​	​ɢ​			​ʔ​
Nasals		​m​		​ɱ​				​n​				​ɳ​		​ɲ​		​ŋ​		​ɴ​
Vibrants		​ʙ​						​r​										​ʀ​
Taps / flaps				​ⱱ​				​ɾ​				​ɽ​
Fricatives	​ɸ​	​β​	​f​	​v​	​θ​	​ð​	​s​	​z​	​ʃ​	​ʒ​	​ʂ​	​ʐ​	​ç​	​ʝ​	​x​	​ɣ​	​χ​	​ʁ​	​H​	​ʕ​	​H​	​ɦ​
lateral fricatives							​ɬ​	​ɮ​
Approximants				​ʋ​				​ɹ​				​ɻ​		​j​		​w​ ¹
lateral approximants								​l​				​ɭ​		​ʎ​		​ʟ​
¹ The labialised variant [ w ] was inserted here as a voiced velar approximant ( half vowel ) instead of the non-labialised variant [ ɰ ].