DIN 31635

Area	literature
title	Transcription of the Arabic alphabet
Brief description:	Transliteration
Latest edition	2011-07
ISO	233

The DIN standard DIN 31635 (transcription of the Arabic alphabet for the languages Arabic, Ottoman-Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu and Pashto) is a standard for the transliteration (literal transcription) of the Arabic into the Latin script . With regard to Arabic and Persian , it is based on the transcription of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) by Carl Brockelmann and Hans Wehr . It was accepted at the International Orientalist Congress in Rome in 1935.

Table DIN 31635

DIN 31635
arab.	ﺍ	ﺏ	ﺕ	ﺙ	ﺝ	ﺡ	ﺥ	ﺩ	ﺫ	ﺭ	ﺯ	ﺱ	ﺵ	ﺹ	ﺽ	ﻁ	ﻅ	ﻉ	ﻍ	ﻑ	ﻕ	ﻙ	ﻝ	ﻡ	ﻥ	ه	ﻭ	ﻱ
Transcription	ʾ / ā	b	t	ṯ	ǧ	H	H	d	ḏ	r	z	s	š	ṣ	ḍ	ṭ	ẓ	ʿ	G	f	q	k	l	m	n	H	w / ū	y / ī
code	02BE, 0101			1E6F	01E7	1E25	1E2B		1E0F				0161	1E63	1E0D	1E6D	1E93	02BF	0121								016B	012B
IPA	ʔ / aː	b	t	θ	dʒ / ɡ / ʒ	H	x	d	ð	r	z	s	ʃ	sˁ	dˁ	tˁ	ðˁ / zˤ	ʕ	ɣ	f	q	k	l	m	n	H	w / uː	j / iː

The vowel symbols ( ḥarakāt ) fatḥa , kasra and ḍamma are transcribed as a, i, u. A šadda results in a geminate (double consonant), except for the Arabic article , which is written with sun letter assimilation : aš-šams .

An alif read / aː / is transcribed as ā. Tāʼ marbūṭa (ﺓ) at the end of the word as -a or -at. ʾAlif maqṣūra (ﻯ) appears as ā , so that it can no longer be distinguished from the alif . The long vowels [iː] and [uː] are circumscribed as ī and ū. The Nisba suffix is transliterated -ī or -īy- before further suffixes such as the feminine ending; the nunation is omitted in the transliteration, except for -an (اً). A hyphen is used to separate morphological elements, especially the article (al-), conjunctions (wa-, fa-) and prepositions (bi-, li-, ka-).

The Indo-Arabic numerals ٩ ٨ ٧ ٦ ٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١ ٠ are shown in the representation 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

For the difference between DMG transcription and the rendering in German Wikipedia articles, see the following table:

Transcription table DMG and Wikipedia

Arabic letter	ا	ب	ت	ث	ج	ح	خ	د	ذ	ر	ز	س	ش	ص	ض	ط	ظ	ع	غ	ف	ق	ك	ل	م	ن	ه	و	ي	ء	ة
Surname	alif	bāʾ	tāʾ	ṯāʾ	ǧīm	Ha	Ha	dāl	ḏāl	rāʾ	zāʾ	sīn	šīn	ṣād	ḍād	ṭāʾ	ẓāʾ	ʿAin	ġayn	fa	qāf	kāf	lām	mīm	now	Ha	wāw	yāʾ	hamza	tāʾ marbūṭa
DMG (DIN 31635)	a, i, u, ā	b	t	ṯ	ǧ	H	H	d	ḏ	r	z	s	š	ṣ	ḍ	ṭ	ẓ	ʿ	G	f	q	k	l	m	n	H	u, ū, w	i, y, ī	ʾ ^*	a, at ^**
Wikipedia	a, i, u, ā	b	t	th	dsh ddsch ^***	H	ch	d	ie	r	z	s	sch	s	d	t	z	ʿ	gh	f	q	k	l	m	n	H	u, ū, w	i, y, ī	' ^*	a, at ^**

^* not at the beginning of the word

^**in the status constructus

^*** with consonant doubling

literature

German Institute for Standardization / Standards Committee Library and Documentation: Information and Documentation - Transcription of the Arabic alphabet for the languages Arabic, Ottoman-Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu and Pashto. Beuth-Verlag, Berlin 2011. Information from Beuth-Verlag on the standard DIN 31635: 2011-07
Thomas Hildebrandt: The scientific transcription of the Arabic language. A guide for the orientalist subjects of the University of Bamberg , Bamberg 2009, ( uni-bamberg.de [PDF]).

Web links

Wiktionary: DMG romanization - Wiktionary help page

Arabic script (English; DIN 31635 is incorrectly reproduced; PDF file; 180 kB)

References and comments

↑ Standards Committee and Documentation (NABD) in DIN: DIN 31635: 2011-07 Information and documentation - Romanization of the Arabic alphabet for Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu and Pashto . Ed .: DIN.
↑ Carl Brockelmann (ed.): The transliteration of the Arabic script in its application to the main literary languages of the Islamic world. Memorandum to the 19th International Congress of Orientalists in Rome . presented by the Transcription Commission of the German Oriental Society. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1935 ( [1] [PDF]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d The diacritical mark “ ˁ ” in the four emphatic consonants indicates a pharyngealization .

[1] Standards Committee and Documentation (NABD) in DIN: DIN 31635: 2011-07 Information and documentation - Romanization of the Arabic alphabet for Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu and Pashto . Ed .: DIN.

[2] Carl Brockelmann (ed.): The transliteration of the Arabic script in its application to the main literary languages of the Islamic world. Memorandum to the 19th International Congress of Orientalists in Rome . presented by the Transcription Commission of the German Oriental Society. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1935 ( [1] [PDF]).

[emphatisch-3] The diacritical mark “ ˁ ” in the four emphatic consonants indicates a pharyngealization .