Voiced pharyngeal fricative
IPA mark | ʕ |
---|---|
IPA number | 145 |
IPA character description | vertically mirrored IPA crackling sound |
Unicode | U + 0295 |
HTML (dec.) | & # 661; |
X-SAMPA |
?\
|
Kirshenbaum |
H<vcd>
|
ʕa ʔaʕa ]
[ |
The voiced fricative pharyngale (one voiced in the throat educated fricative ) has the following in different languages phonetic and orthographic realizations:
- Arabic : ع ( ʕ ain; Unicode: U + 0639)
- Old Ethiopian , Tigrinya , Tigré and Argobba (not written): ዐ (Unicode: U + 12D0)
- Hebrew : ע (Unicode U + 05E2; today only in Yemeni pronunciation, otherwise crackling )
- Somali : C, c (in the Latin alphabet; since 1972)
- Afar : Q, q (Latin alphabet)
- Swabian : R, r (in syllable coda or in front of dental-alveolar consonants)
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Rues et al .: Phonetic Transcription of German , Tübingen 2007, p. 101.
Pulmonary consonants according to IPA (2005) |
bilabial |
labio- dental |
dental | alveolar |
post- alveolar |
retroflex | palatal | velar | uvular |
phase- ryngal |
glottal | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | ||
Plosives | p | b | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʔ | ||||||||||
Nasals | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | ||||||||||||||||
Vibrants | ʙ | r | ʀ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Taps / flaps | ⱱ | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fricatives | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | H | ʕ | H | ɦ | |
lateral fricatives | ɬ | ɮ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Approximants | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | w ¹ | ||||||||||||||||||
lateral approximants | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | |||||||||||||||||||
¹ The labialised variant [ w ] was inserted here as a voiced velar approximant ( half vowel ) instead of the non-labialised variant [ ɰ ]. |