Voiced pharyngeal fricative

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IPA mark ʕ
IPA number 145
IPA character description vertically mirrored IPA crackling sound
Unicode U + 0295
HTML (dec.) & # 661;
X-SAMPA ?\
Kirshenbaum H<vcd>

The voiced fricative pharyngale (one voiced in the throat educated fricative ) has the following in different languages phonetic and orthographic realizations:

  • Arabic : ع ( ʕ ain; Unicode: U + 0639)​​
  • Old Ethiopian , Tigrinya , Tigré and Argobba (not written): ዐ (Unicode: U + 12D0)
  • Hebrew : ע (Unicode U + 05E2; today only in Yemeni pronunciation, otherwise crackling )
  • Somali : C, c (in the Latin alphabet; since 1972)
  • Afar : Q, q (Latin alphabet)
  • Swabian : R, r (in syllable coda or in front of dental-alveolar consonants)

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rues et al .: Phonetic Transcription of German , Tübingen 2007, p. 101.
Pulmonary consonants
according to IPA (2005) 		bilabial labio-
dental 		dental alveolar post-
alveolar 		retroflex palatal velar uvular phase-
ryngal 		glottal
stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth. stl. sth.
Plosives ​p​ ​b​ ​t​ ​d​ ​ʈ​ ​ɖ​ ​c​ ​ɟ​ ​k​ ​ɡ​ ​q​ ​ɢ​ ​ʔ​
Nasals ​m​ ​ɱ​ ​n​ ​ɳ​ ​ɲ​ ​ŋ​ ​ɴ​
Vibrants ​ʙ​ ​r​ ​ʀ​
Taps / flaps ​ⱱ​ ​ɾ​ ​ɽ​
Fricatives ​ɸ​ ​β​ ​f​ ​v​ ​θ​ ​ð​ ​s​ ​z​ ​ʃ​ ​ʒ​ ​ʂ​ ​ʐ​ ​ç​ ​ʝ​ ​x​ ​ɣ​ ​χ​ ​ʁ​ ​H​ ​ʕ​ ​H​ ​ɦ​
lateral fricatives ​ɬ​ ​ɮ​
Approximants ​ʋ​ ​ɹ​ ​ɻ​ ​j​ ​w​ ¹
lateral approximants ​l​ ​ɭ​ ​ʎ​ ​ʟ​
¹ The labialised variant [ w ] was inserted here as a voiced velar approximant ( half vowel ) instead of the non-labialised variant [ ɰ ].