Tā 'marbūta

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Ta marbuta in isolated form
connected shape
from the right:
ـة

Tā 'marbūta ( Arabic تاء مربوطة, DMG Tāʾ marbūṭa  'tied T ') is an additional character in the Arabic script that is not listed separately in the Arabic alphabet , as it is a special form of the letter tā ' (ت). It is written like the Ha , but with two points above it. It only occurs at the end of a word and therefore only exists in an isolated and a final form, and has no numerical value .

Use, sound value and transcription

The Ta marbuta is used in the Arabic language, among other things, to denote words with a feminine gender . Words with Ta marbuta are feminine in most cases, words without Ta marbuta are mostly masculine. On the one hand, this applies to independent terms such asكرة / kura  / 'Ball', on the other hand, with participles and adjectives, the feminine form can usually be formed by adding a Ta marbuta (for example inكبير ، كبيرة / kabīr, kabīra  / 'big'). Ta marbuta also occurs in words with clearly masculine sex and gender, for example in the wordخليفة / ḫalīfa  / ' Kalif ', in the plural formإخوة / iḫwa  / '(bodily) brothers' and in the defective plural schemeفعاة / fuʿāh . In addition, an appended Ta marbuta serves to form a singular term from a collective noun, for example zuتفاح / tuffāḥ  / 'apples' the wordتفاحة / tuffāḥa  / 'apple'.

In the context form and in the status constructus it is generally articulated as Ta as "t", but otherwise not spoken in the pausal form . If a suffix is attached to a word with Ta marbuta, Ta marbuta is converted into a "normal" Ta (also Ta maftuha for differentiation) (exampleكرتي / kuratī  / 'my ball').

Often - both in handwritten and in printed typeface - it can be observed that the diacritical points are left out. This makes the ta marbuta look like a ha . This is mostly the case in the Egyptian dialect and other Eastern dialects ( Levantine Arabic , Iraqi Arabic, and Gulf Arabic ). So the words with Ta 'marbuta are pronounced like an eh at the end; that's the name of university in Arabicجامعة, DMG ǧāmiʿa , but it is mostly used in the dialects mentionedجامعه, DMG ǧāmiʿeh written and pronounced. In Maghrebian Arabic, however, the Ta marbouta is written and also spoken.

Transcription is carried out at pronunciation as "t" in most standards as t , it remains unexpressed, it also eliminates the transcription or it is considered h reproduced. In ISO 233 , Ta marbuta is generally transliterated as (t with trema ).

When borrowing a word with Ta marbuta in Arabic into another language with Arabic script, such as Persian , Ta marbuta usually becomes a "normal" Ha or Ta.

Ta marbuta in Unicode

Unicode codepoint U + 0629 U + 06C3 U + FE93 U + FE94
Unicode name ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA ISOLATED FORM ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA FINAL FORM
HTML & # 1577; & # 1731; & # 65171; & # 65172;
ISO 8859-6 0xc9