Bernese Oberland

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Bernese Oberland

Spoken in

Switzerland ( Bernese Oberland )
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Official language in -
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

gsw (Swiss German)

ISO 639-3

gsw (Swiss German)

Bernese Oberland (also Oberländerberndeutsch ) denotes the Swiss German dialects spoken in the Bernese Oberland ; Dialectologically, the dialect of the former district of Schwarzenburg also belongs to it. They belong to the highest Alemannic . The Bernese Oberland language differs from region to region, and it is not uncommon for residents to be able to recognize the village from which a speaker comes from the dialect.

Geographical distribution

The dialects from the Lütschine , Kander , Simme and Saanenland valleys are considered to be Bernese Oberland . The dialects from Haslital and Brienz in the eastern Bernese Oberland are often viewed as a separate dialect group. In the area around Lake Thun , Bern German is on the advance.

features

The Bernese Oberland forms a dialect landscape that lies not only geographically but also linguistically between that of the Bernese Mittelland and the Valais . It agrees with Sensler German in many ways .

Typical of the dialect landscape are:

  • The diphthongization from long [ eː ] to [ eə̯ ] or [ iə̯ ], for example Sìe [ z̥eə̯ z̥iə̯ ] ‹See›. This phenomenon occurs particularly in the western and easternmost Bernese Oberland, in the central part it is limited to the villages at the back of the valleys.
  • The plural ending -i of weak feminine nouns, for example Tanni [ ˈtanːi ] ‹Tannen› (singular: Tanna [ ˈtanːa ]).
  • The velar pronunciation / x /, the other of speakers Swiss German dialects where the uvular pronunciation [⁠ χ ⁠] is often considered "soft" as prevails.
  • A typical prosody that speakers of Mittelland dialects often perceive as a "singing song".

Like the other Highest Alemannic dialects, the Bernese Oberland does not have any hiat diphthonging, for example schnyye, buue [ ˈʃniːə ˈb̥uːə ] ‹snow building›, and not snow, boue [ ˈʃneijə ˈb̥ouwə ], and it knows the declension of predicative adjectives, for example si [ ˌZ̥i ɪʃ ˈʃœːni ] ‹she is beautiful›, and not si ìsch beautiful [ ˌz̥i ɪʃ ʃœːn ].

Obvious differences to Bern German are the lack of the typical l-vocalization and the nd-velarization. For example, in the Bernese Oberland Forest, Chind [ ʋaɫd̥ xɪnd̥ ] is called ‹Wald Kind› and not Waud, Ching [ ʋawd̥ χɪŋː ] as in Bern German.

The eastern dialects (Lütschinentäler, Brienz, Haslital) differ from the western and central dialects in that they

For the dialects in Haslital it also applies that they

All in all, the eastern dialects share different characteristics that are also known in Valais and Central Switzerland, which goes back to centuries of pass traffic over the Grimsel and Brünig .

Examples

Not only, but also Bernese Oberland

  • Ätti (also: Ättu ) - father
  • dorffe - to chat (from village)
    • derived from this village table - cozy get-together, party
  • embruuf - up (cf. Walliserdeutsch embrüff )
  • Loopa, Pl. Loopeni - cow
  • lüw (w) e - to rest (see Berner Mittelland löie, Freiburg lüüe, lüje, Wallis liiwe, liwwe )
  • musechnöuwhööi - mouse knee high (said of a very thin layer of snow)
  • Schina - splinters of wood in the skin (also Valais German)
  • Trötscha - braid (only western half; see Valais German Tretscha, Italian treccia )
  • Ustig - Spring (see Valais German Üüstig )

Are completely or almost completely specifically Bernese Oberland, for example

  • blick (e) ne (western half), glitzme (Hasli) - flash
  • Flächti - braids (only eastern half)
  • Gäbeli - clothes peg
  • Glunta - puddle
  • Geisshirt - Weberknecht (especially eastern half)
  • ggugg! - look!
  • Grübschi, Gribschi - core of an apple
  • hu (u) sele (n) - play with toys (especially eastern half)
  • Lood - paper sack
  • Solder, leeter - too little salt , bland
  • Schwaarte - bread crust (only western half)
  • stumble, die - stumble
  • zwäärge - pinch (only western half)

Chrigel, la d Gizeni uus, di Fremda wii d Gemscheni gschouwe. - "Christian, let the goats out, the strangers want to look at the chamois."

literature

Basics

  • Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : The language landscape of Bern. In: Rudolf Hotzenköcherle: The language landscapes of German-speaking Switzerland. Edited by Niklaus Bigler and Robert Schläpfer with the assistance of Rolf Börlin. Aarau / Frankfurt a. M./Salzburg 1984 (Sprachlandschaft 1 series), pp. 193–225.
  • Peter Glatthard: Dialectological-ethnological problems in the Oberhasli. Haupt, Bern 1981 (Language and Poetry NF. 29).

Dictionaries

  • Jakob Aellig, Christian Bärtschi: Adelbodetütsch. Adelboden 2002.
  • Armin Bratschi, Rudolf Trüb : Simmental vocabulary. Dictionary of the dialect of the Simmental (Bernese Oberland). With a grammatical introduction and registers. Thun 1991 (grammars and dictionaries of Swiss German in a generally understandable representation XII).
  • Otto Hopf: Hasli-German. An old dictionary, collected from 1879–1894. Meiringen [1969].
  • Maria Lauber : Frirty German words and idioms. Frutigen 1984.
  • Gustav Ritschard: Bödellitüütsch. Dictionary with pictures from folk life. Popular language of the communities of Bönigen, Interlaken, Matten, Unterseen and Wilderswil. Unterseen 1983.
  • Helene Schild-Michel, Walter Boss: Brienz German Dictionary. Dialect dictionary of the Brienz district. Brienz [2006].
  • Urs Schild: Grindelwald dialect (under construction).

grammar

  • Hans Dauwalder: Haslitiitsch. How mma s and write cha. A short Hasli German grammar. Non-profit association Meiringen, Meiringen 1992.
  • Rudolf Trüb: The grammatical forms. In: Armin Bratschi, Rudolf Trüb: Simmental vocabulary. Dictionary of the dialect of the Simmental (Bernese Oberland). With a grammatical introduction and registers. Thun 1991 (grammars and dictionaries of Swiss German in a generally understandable representation XII), pp. 10–24.

Word and thing

  • Emanuel Friedli : Bärndütsch as a mirror of Bernese folklore. Second volume: Grindelwald. Bern 1908.
  • Emanuel Friedli: Bärndütsch as a mirror of Bernese folklore. Third volume: Guggisberg. Bern 1911.
  • Emanuel Friedli: Bärndütsch as a mirror of Bernese folklore. Seventh volume: Saanen. Bern 1927.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , founded by Heinrich Baumgartner and Rudolf Hotzenköcherle, volumes I – VIII Bern (Basel from volume VII).
  2. ↑ See Peter Glatthard: Dialectological-Folklore Problems in the Oberhasli. Haupt, Bern 1981 (Language and Poetry NF. 29).
  3. ↑ According to the Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland .