Bosco / Gurin

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Bosco / Gurin
Bosco / Gurin coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of TicinoCanton of Ticino Ticino (TI)
District : Vallemaggia districtw
Circle : Rovana district
BFS no. : 5304i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 6685
Coordinates : 681 285  /  130 168 coordinates: 46 ° 19 '5 "  N , 8 ° 29' 38"  O ; CH1903:  681 285  /  one hundred and thirty thousand one hundred and sixty-eight
Height : 1506  m above sea level M.
Height range : 1186–2855 m above sea level M.
Area : 22.00  km²
Residents: 46 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 2 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.bosco-gurin.ch
Bosco / Gurin from the west, in the background the Pizzo d'Orsalietta

Bosco / Gurin from the west, in the background the Pizzo d'Orsalietta
Location of the municipality
Griessee (Schweiz) Lago die Sabbione Lago Vannino Lago di Morasco Lago Toggia Lago Castel Lago Busin Inferiore Lago di Dévero Lago di Agáro Lago dei Cavagnöö Lago Sfundau Lago di Robiei Lago Bianco TI Lago Nero Lago del Zött Laghetti d'Antabia Lago del Narèt Lago del Sambuco Lago Ritóm Lago Tremorgio Lago di Morghirolo Lago di Mognòla Lago di Tomè Lago Barone Lago di Vogorno Lago Maggiore Italien Kanton Uri Kanton Wallis Bezirk Blenio Bezirk Leventina Bezirk Locarno Lavizzara Avegno-Gordevio Maggia TI Bosco/Gurin Campo (Vallemaggia) Cerentino Cevio LinescioMap of Bosco / Gurin
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Bosco / Gurin (also: Bosco Gurin, Bosco Gurin, Walser German : Gurin [gʊrin] or Griin [grin] , tessinerisch : Guríng [Gurin] ) is a municipality in the county Rovana , vallemaggia , the Swiss canton of Ticino .

Surname

The official name of the community has changed over the years due to the linguistic and political conditions. Until 1911 the names Bosco, Bosco (Gurin), Gurin or Bosco-Vallemaggia were in use. From October 21, 1911 to May 23, 1912, the municipality was officially called Gurin in German according to a Federal Council resolution, but again in Italian Bosco (Vallemaggia) from May 24, 1912 to 1934 . As a compromise, the double name Bosco / Gurin , which has been the official name since then, was introduced in 1934 . However, the unofficial version of Bosco Gurin is also widespread .

Early mentions of the place are in loco et territorio de Quarino ubi dicitur ad Buschum (1253), toto territorio de buscho, sive in dicta valle de Quarino (1311) and loci de Buscho de Quarino (also 1311). The composite form Buscho Quarino thus originally referred to the "forest near Quarino / Corino" (Corino is a hamlet belonging to Cerentino) and has been used since the earliest records to distinguish it from other places called Bosco.

geography

The main settlement of Bosco / Gurin is at 1506  m above sea level. M. It is the highest village in the canton of Ticino. The municipality is located in the upper (western) half of the Val di Bosco, 35 km northwest of Locarno on the border with Italy - the valleys Valle Antigorio and Val Formazza (Pomatt, also populated by Walsers ). The northern border of the municipality leads along ridges from the Wandfluhhorn ( 2856  m above sea level ) to the Camino ( 2489  m above sea level ). From there, the eastern border runs with a curve that curves slightly eastwards across the Val di Bosco down to Pian Crosc ( 1955  m above sea level ).

The southern municipal boundary leads in turn (slightly southwest) along ridges. The highest peaks are the Pizzo Bombögn ( 2331  m above sea level ), the Grosshorn ( 2150  m above sea level ), the Kleinhorn ( 2171  m above sea level ) and on the western border of the Madone / Batnall ( 2748  m above sea level). M. ). The western municipal border (also the state border) uses natural dividing lines. It runs in a slightly north-easterly direction from the above-mentioned Madone over the Ritzberg ( 2592  m above sea level ) and the Martschenspitz ( 2688  m above sea level ) back to the Wandfluhhorn / Pizzo Biela. Numerous streams unite to form the Bosco , which flows into the Rovana at Collinasca . Of the municipal area of ​​2212 ha, 43.3% is unproductive area (mostly mountains). The parts of the municipality, which are covered by forest and wood (27.8%) and by agricultural land (28.1%), are almost equally extensive. Only 0.9% of the entire municipal area is settlement area. The village is the only significant settlement. There are also numerous alpine huts.

Neighboring communities on the Ticino side are Cerentino and Campo (Vallemaggia) and Formazza on Italian territory .

history

The community was settled on the initiative of the Lombard rule in the 13th century by Walser from the Italian Val Formazza (Walser German Pomatt ). The first settlers came to the upper Rovana Valley in 1244. They found the Alp ad Buschum there, which was used by the Losone community and was not inhabited all year round. The place Bosco / Gurin was first mentioned by name in 1253 as Lo Busco de Quarino . There were border disputes with Cevio in the 14th century. As early as 1400, the Walsers had bought almost all of the land and therefore lived relatively independently. In the Middle Ages the community belonged to the Roana Superior, later until 1798 to the Ennetbirgischen Vogteien . It was repeatedly ravaged by catastrophes (the plague in 1596; large avalanches in 1695 and 1742 with 34 and 42 deaths, respectively). Bosco / Gurin belonged to the canton of Lugano from 1798 to 1803 and since then to the canton of Ticino . It was largely isolated until around 1900.

population

Population development
year 1591 1801 1850 1880 1920 1950 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 2018
Residents 300 235 382 344 210 186 65 58 71 48 50 46

The Walser settlement once comprised a population of several hundred German-speaking residents. Seasonal emigration of young people to German-speaking Switzerland brought money to the village. In this way a large-scale migration could be prevented. In the first half of the 19th century, the population grew sharply (1801-1850: +62.6%). The first mass emigration took place between 1880 and 1920 (1880–1920: -39.0%), followed by another between 1950 and 1980 (1950–1980: -65.4%). This took place regionally (to German-speaking Switzerland), continentally (Italy, France , Germany ) and overseas ( California ). Within a century, the number of residents decreased from 344 to 56 people.

languages

Bosco / Gurin is the only place in Italian-speaking Switzerland where a German Walser dialect, Gurinerdeutsch, has been spoken for over 600 years . While the older linguistic literature viewed the Gurin dialect as a dialect on the southern edge of the German-speaking area, it is now increasingly viewed under the aspect of the language island , because on the one hand there are no direct traffic routes to German-speaking Switzerland and on the other hand there are contacts to the neighboring, also Walser, but zu Formazza belonging to Italy are canceled.

However, the 2000 census suggests that Gurin is now mostly Italian-speaking. However, these data should be included with caution: in this survey it was only possible to indicate a single language as the main language. The Gurin Walsers, who have long since been bilingual , had to choose one of the two languages. The fact that it was only possible to select standard varieties and not dialects also contributed to the fact that many of the local Walsers ticked Italian; Surveys had shown that the local population is of the opinion that they have a better command of standard Italian than standard German. However, German - regardless of these data interpretations - is threatened simply because of the very small population. Overall, the number of Gurin German speakers is estimated at around 130 today; of the approximately 50 inhabitants of the village, around two thirds speak it (as of 2014).

A curiosity is that Bosco / Gurin in 2000 with 9.86% (7 people) was the municipality with the highest proportion of Romansh speakers outside of Graubünden . The following table shows the situation since 1970 according to the population censuses:

Language groups
year German Italian Residents
1970 95 (81.9%) 18 (15.5%) 116
1980 61 (93.8%) 3 (4.6%) 65
1990 35 (60.3%) 20 (34.5%) 58
2000 23 (32.4%) 37 (52.1%) 71

Religions / denominations

In earlier times all residents were members of the Roman Catholic Church. Even today, the majority of the population is Catholic. The 2000 census gave the following picture: 61 of the 71 inhabitants are Roman Catholic and 2 Protestant-Reformed Christians. Another 2 are non-denominational, while 6 residents gave no information about their religious affiliation.

Origin / nationality

Of the 72 inhabitants at the end of 2004, 66 (= 91.67%) were Swiss citizens. The few immigrants come from Italy, Portugal and Latin America .

Local civil parish

Long-established local citizen families are the Bronz, Della Pietra, Elzi, Janner, Rossi, Sartori and Tomamichel.

politics

The municipal council consists of three people.

economy

The residents who stayed in the village lived for a long time from raising cattle and processing milk into butter and cheese, as well as from farming (potatoes, rye and hemp). Even today, the vast majority (36 of 39 employees) work in their own village because of the great seclusion. After all, seven commuters reinforce them. Agriculture has lost much of its importance since the 1970s.

Most people today work in service occupations (tourism) and in trade. There is a village shop in the village, which is the “smallest Coop branch in Switzerland”.

Second homes in houses that are no longer permanently inhabited and in converted utility buildings ( rustici ) are of economic importance ; at the beginning of 2015 their share was 85.3 percent. There are also two larger group houses, a few restaurants and a hotel at the entrance to the village.

Hikers enliven summer tourism, users of the 2 chairlifts, 4 ski lifts, 30 kilometers of ski slopes and a 5 kilometer long cross-country ski trail stimulate winter tourism.

traffic

The community is connected to the public transport network by the Cevio – Bosco / Gurin post bus line . There are six Postbus courses in each direction every day.

The village with the church
Walser House Museum
Pizzo Stella
Riale di Bosco

Attractions

Bosco / Gurin has one of the best-preserved sites among the Walser settlements on the southern side of the Alps and is classified in the inventory of sites in Switzerland worthy of protection (ISOS) as a site of national importance in Switzerland.

The following sights should be emphasized:

  • the village church Jakobus und Christophorus (13th century, rebuilt in 1581 and remodeled in the 17th and 19th centuries) and the ossuary
  • Former house, now the Walser Museum
  • Schalenstein at the Grossalp chairlift (Rossboda) ( 2134  m above sea level )

Personalities

  • Hans Tomamichel (born February 12, 1899 in Bosco / Gurin, † April 15, 1984 in Zurich ), painter, draftsman, graphic artist and illustrator
  • Janner family
  • Arminio Janner (1886–1949), university professor, art and literary critic and publicist.
  • Adolfo Janner (born August 27, 1896 in Bosco / Gurin, † January 5, 1974 in Locarno), local councilor of Locarno , Ticino grand and state council, national councilor, publicist, art and literary critic
  • Alfredo Janner (* around 1905 in Bosco / Gurin; † after 1958 there?), Grand Councilor in Ticino
  • Antonino Janner (1917–1982), diplomat, Swiss ambassador to Argentina and from 1978 to 1982 in Italy
  • Giovanni Frapolli (born November 3, 1955 in Bellinzona , citizen of Scareglia ), engineer, tourism entrepreneur, Ticino Grand Councilor

literature

General
  • 700 anni Bosco Gurin. Piccole notizie raccolte da Adolfo Janner e collaboratori. 557 illustrazioni di cui 52 disegni originali di Hans Tomamichel. Grassi, Bellinzona 1956.
  • Tobias Tomamichel: Bosco Gurin, the Walser village in Ticino. 4th edition, Habelt, Bonn 1999, ISBN 3-7749-1847-3 .
history
Language and culture
  • Sandro Bachmann, Elvira Glaser (Ed.): Bosco Gurin - The Walser village in Ticino and its language (s) (= Swiss Academies Reports Vol. 4, No. 4). Edited by the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences. SAGW, Köniz 2019, ISSN 2297-1564 ( digitized ).
  • Aristide Baragiola : Il canto popolare a Bosco o Gurin, colonia tedesca nel Cantone Ticino. Presso Fulvio Giovanni, Cividale 1891.
  • Rudolf Brunner and Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : Bosco Gurin, Canton Ticino. Swiss dialects in text and sound. Issue 5, text accompanying the speech plates in the phonogram archive of the University of Zurich, Zurich 1971.
  • Johann Jakob Dickenmann: Gurin or Bosco, a German community in Ticino. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1906.
  • Emily Gerstner-Hirzel : From the folk tradition of Bosco Gurin. Legends, reports and opinions, fairy tales and rascals. Basel 1979 (Writings of the Swiss Society for Folklore 63), ISBN 3-908121-27-2 .
  • Emily Gerstner-Hirzel: Rhymes, prayers, songs and games from Bosco Gurin. Basel 1986 (Writings of the Swiss Society for Folklore 69), ISBN 3-85775-069-3 .
  • Emily Gerstner-Hirzel: Guriner Wild Plants Primer. Man and wild plant. A botanical-philological-folklore documentation from the Ticino Walser village Bosco Gurin. Chur 1989, ISBN 3-905241-02-1 .
  • Emily Gerstner-Hirzel: From the Gurin dialect. Dictionary of Nouns by Bosco Gurin. Voci del dialetto di Bosco Gurin. Vocabolario dei sostantivi di Bosco Gurin. Edited by the Walserhaus Museum. Armando Dadò Editore, Locarno 2014, ISBN 978-88-8281-391-8 .
  • Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : On the linguistic and geographical position of Guriner German. In: Annual report of the Society for the Promotion of the Walser House Gurin. [Bosco / Gurin] 1959, pp. 3-8. - Again in: Rudolf Hotzenköcherle: Dialect Structures in Transition. Collected essays on the dialectology of German-speaking Switzerland and the Walser regions of Northern Italy. Edited by Rudolf Schläpfer and Rudolf Trüb. Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main / Salzburg 1986, pp. 225-229.
  • Charles VJ Russ: The dialect of Bosco Gurin. A synchronic and diachronic investigation. Steiner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-515-08133-X (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics, Supplements, 120).
  • Paul Zinsli : Südwalser Namengut. The German place and field names of the Ennetbirgischen Walser settlements in Bosco-Gurin and in Piedmont. Stämpfli, Bern 1984, ISBN 3-7272-9895-2 .
Art history
  • Bernhard Other: Guida d'Arte della Svizzera Italiana. Edizioni Trelingue, Porza-Lugano 1980, p. 184.
  • Piero Bianconi : Bosco. In: Arte in Vallemaggia. Istituto Editoriale Ticinese, Bellinzona 1937, pp. 21, 23.
  • Emily Gerstner: Bosco Gurin and his church. Guida storico-artistica. Edizioni Pedrazzini, Locarno 1983.
  • Virgilio Gilardoni : Il Romanico. Catalogo dei monumenti nella Repubblica e Cantone del Ticino. La Vesconta, Casagrande S. A., Bellinzona 1967, pp. 27, 232.
  • Simona Martinoli u. a .: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History . Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, pp. 237, 239, 253, 254.
various
  • Christine Neff, Dominik Siegrist: Bosco Gurin - Nature and Culture - Tourism with a Future. Short study on behalf of the Association for Bosco Gurin and the Foundation for Landscape Protection Switzerland , Association for Bosco Gurin, Bern / Zurich 2000.
  • Viviane Torricelli: Blood group and Rhesus factor determinations from the Walser settlement of Bosco-Gurin. Füssli, Zurich 1954.

Web links

Commons : Bosco / Gurin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ^ Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , Volume V, 1b. Emily Gerstner-Hirzel writes in her publication From the folk tradition of Gurin ( e.g. pp. 78, 83, 84, 90, 91) Ggurin, which results in a phonetic transcription [kʊˈrin] .
  3. ↑ a b c Lexicon of Swiss municipality names, ed. from the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol, Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, p. 173.
  4. ↑ Pizzo Bombögn on ETHorama
  5. ^ Daniela Pauli Falconi: Bosco / Gurin. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . August 19, 2004 .
  6. ↑ Statistics Switzerland - STAT-TAB: Permanent and non-permanent resident population 2015
  7. ↑ See Haldemann 2005, pp. 18-21.
  8. ↑ Emily Gerstner-Hirzel 2014, p. 16.
  9. ↑ See Family Name Book of Switzerland , 3rd edition, Zurich 1989.
  10. ↑ Coop newspaper of September 25, 2018, pp. 134-137.
  11. ↑ Community list with share of second homes. Building and dwelling statistics, special evaluation GWS, BFS 2012, valid on January 1st, 2014. CATEF March 17th, 2015
  12. ↑ Bosco Gurin
  13. ↑ Bosco / Gurin cable cars on seilbahnbilder.ch/galerie
  14. ↑ List of sites of national importance , directory on the website of the Federal Office of Culture (BAK), accessed on January 10, 2018.
  15. ^ Simona Martinoli et al. a .: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, ISBN 978-88-7713-482-0 , pp. 254-255.
  16. ↑ Martino Signorelli: Storia della Valmaggia. Pp. 325, 334, 372.
  17. ↑ Walser Museum
  18. ^ Franco Binda: Il mistero delle incisioni. Armando Dadò editore, Locarno 2013, pp. 46–47.
  19. ↑ Hans Tomamichel. In: Sikart
  20. ^ Fabrizio Panzera: Adolfo Janner. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 2, 2005 , accessed March 23, 2020 .
  21. ^ Adolfo Janner. In: Alberto Lepori, Fabrizio Panzera (ed.): Uomini nostri. Trenta biography di uomini politici. Armando Dadò Editore, Locarno 1989, pp. 21, 106-107.
  22. ^ Giovanni Frapolli Grossrat (Italian) at ti.ch/poteri/gc/parlamento (accessed on March 5, 2017).