Maria Rickmers (ship, 1892)
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The Maria Rickmers was the second five-masted barque in the world merchant fleet after the France . She was equipped with a steam engine for propulsion ( auxiliary sailor ). Because of this steam engine, she was viewed more as a sailing steamer than a sailing ship .
description
On 18 December 1891, the steel hull ran the Bark at the shipyard of Russell & Co. in Port Glasgow , Scotland , for the Rickmers rice mills, Rhederei- and shipbuilding AG , Bremerhaven , from the stack , christened Maria Rickmers, the wife of Peter Rickmers ' , one of the company owners. A large, black chimney for the auxiliary steam engine with the emblem of the shipping company (green-red-white horizontal stripes (flag of Heligoland ) with a large white "R" in the middle) was located between the cross mast and mizzen mast (4th and 5th mast ) after completion . Therefore, only two staysails were used between the mizzen and mizzen mast (no lower mizzen sails). In the shipping tradition, the hull was painted green (surface hull) and red (water pass and underwater hull) with a white stripe according to the shipping company colors. The ship was built as a three-island ship. In addition to the back and poop , there was a third deck amidships above the main deck, which stretched from one side to the other. This type of deck is also known as the "Liverpool House" because sailing ships from Liverpool , England , were first equipped with this structure. The steel frame masts consisted of three segments (lower mast, Mars and Bramstenge (the latter with Royal and Skystenge as one piece)), the mizzen mast (5th mast) had a rod and a gaff . The masts were called: foremast , main mast , middle mast , cross mast ( aft ), mizzen mast . She led double topsails and head sails and royals on the four frame masts, plus as the only one of the five-masted skysails on fore, main and middle mast. Part of the hold in the aft part of the ship was reserved for the auxiliary machine and its approx. 600 t of coal as fuel. Six crew members (2 stokers, 2 coal trimmers, 2 machinists) were also assigned to maintain and operate the auxiliary steam engine. This circumstance would have reduced the profitability of the ship in the long term, as was observed with her later shipping sister RC Rickmers .
history
The giant barque made only one trip, her maiden voyage . She sailed from Bremerhaven (early March 1892) to Barry (Wales) , in ballast, and from there sailed via Cardiff on March 15, 1892 to Singapore “for orders” (for new instructions) with a load of coal . During the fire-fighting work, her first skipper, Captain J. Gennerich, fell ill and died a few days later in a Singapore hospital. Shortly before his illness, he received a telegram from the shipping company expressing its displeasure with the 80-day journey (without the use of the auxiliary machine). The first helmsman, H. Wiethoff, took over the command of the ship, and under his direction the ship moved with ballast to Saigon in order to take a load of 56,727 sacks of rice for the Rickmers Reismühlen GmbH. On the journey home to Bremerhaven from Saigon (July 14, 1892) it was lost in the Indian Ocean after passing the Sunda Strait (last signal to Anjer Point ( Indonesia ) on July 24, 1892).
It is generally reported that nothing was heard from the Maria Rickmers again and that no wreckage was found. This led to a number of theories regarding the disappearance of the five-master: a typhoon , a white squall , pirates , capsizing due to slipped cargo, improperly stowed cargo, overtaxing the crew, etc.
In contrast to this, the diary of James Thomas Aikman reports on the sinking of the Maria Rickmers in the Sunda Strait during a typhoon, and that parts of the wreckage were subsequently found there.
The ship was the largest sailing ship of its time, but it only existed for seven months - the shortest life span of all seven five-masted ships.
Ship data
- Construction : steel hull than three island vessel , steel masts
- Rig : five-masted barque, double Mars & Bram, Royal, 3 Skyrahen; Mars & Bramstengen (one piece with Royal- / Skystenge); Mizzen mast with pole and gaff
- Mast sequence: foremast, main mast, central mast, cross mast (aft mast), mizzen mast
- Number of decks: two continuous steel decks, partial deck (steel / wood) as a bridge deck, plus poop and back; top deck planked with teak
- Launched : December 18, 1891
- Maiden voyage : March 1, 1892 via Barry (Wales) , Cardiff ( Wales ) (March 15, 1892) and Singapore to Saigon ( Vietnam )
- Distinguishing signal : QFPC
- Builder : Russell & Co., Port Glasgow , Scotland
- Shipping company : Rickmers Reismühlen, Rhederei und Schiffbau A.-G., Bremerhaven
- other shipping companies: -
- Other names: --
- Home port : Bremerhaven
- Figurehead : yes, figure of Maria Rickmers
- Length over all (Lüa) : 135 m (514 '1 ")
- Length Galion - Stern (fuselage length): 123.3 m (404 '6 ")
- Length on deck: 118.3 m (388 '1 ")
- Length in KWL : 114.47 m (375 '7 ")
- Length between perpendiculars (LzL, LPp) : 112.22 m (368 '2 ")
- Width: 14.63 m (48 '0 ")
- Room depth : 7.72 m (25 '4 ")
- Side height : 8.82 m (28'11 ")
- Draft : 7.2 m (23 '7 ")
- Measurement : 3,822 GRT (gross registered tonnes) / 3,344 NRT (net registered tonnes)
- Displacement (ship and cargo mass): ~ 9,500 tons
- Loading capacity / carrying capacity : 5,300 tons (1 ton = 1,016 t); with coal load for the steam engine: ~ 5,900 tons
- Sail area : 5,300 m² (44 sails: 27 yard, 11 stay, 4 headsails, 2 besane)
- Mast height: 57 m (flag button - deck), 63 m (flag button - keel )
- Construction costs: 926,000.00 marks
- Auxiliary drive: 3-cylinder steam engine of 750 hp
- Classification: Lloyd's + 100A
- First skipper : Johann DG Gennerich
- other captains: Adolph Wiethoff (first helmsman)
- Crew: 38 men
- Top speed: 15 knots under sail; 8 kn under steam
- Best Etmal : 303 nm
- Special features: large, black chimney with company emblem between mizzen mast and mizzen mast , sky sails on fore, main and middle mast
literature
- Hans-Jörg Furrer: The four- and five-masted square sailors in the world. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1984, ISBN 3-7822-0341-0 , pp. 17 and 147.
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ J. Thomson Aikman: Ashore and Afloat. on: nikoko.co.uk (engl.)