Electric light
When electric lights are called light by electricity converting light in the light source is generated. Examples include incandescent lamps , fluorescent lamps and light emitting diodes ( LEDs ).
The term “electric light” is used to differentiate it from other methods of generating light ( candle , torch , kerosene lamp or gas light ).
Electric light changed people's lifestyles permanently, as the easy availability of this light source largely eliminated the dependence on daylight .
history
The first form of electric light was the carbon arc lamp , then the carbon filament lamp , the Nernst lamp and finally the metal filament lamp .
literature
- Rolf Heilmann: Light. The fascinating story of a phenomenon , Herbig, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-7766-2711-4 .
- Ulrich Kilian, Rainer Aschemeier: The big book of light , Primus, Darmstadt 2012, ISBN 978-3-86312-300-0 .
- Josiane Meier, Merle Pottharst: Social Actors in Artificial Lighting , Universitätsverlag der TU, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-7983-2504-3 .
- Thomas Posch, et al. (Ed.): The end of the night: The global light pollution and its consequences. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2010, ISBN 978-3-527-40946-4 .
- Thomas Römhild: Artificial light: about the symbolism of artificial lighting , Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Bern / New York, NY / Paris / Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-631-44035-9 (= European university publications : series 37, architecture, volume 9, at the same time dissertation at the University of Hanover 1990).
- Wolfgang Schivelbusch : Light, appearance and madness: appearance of electric lighting in the 20th century . Ernst, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-433-02344-1 (= Erco edition ).
- Wolfgang Schivelbusch: Bright spots. On the history of artificial brightness in the 19th century. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 978-3-596-16180-5 .