Rothenbrunnen

This article deals with the municipality of Rothenbrunnen in Switzerland. For the Bad Rotenbrunnen (Rothenbrunnen) spa see Bad Rotenbrunnen .

Rothenbrunnen
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Graubünden (GR)
Region :	Viamala
BFS no. :	3637
Postal code :	7405
Coordinates :	751 555  /  181 785 coordinates: 46 ° 46 '12 "  N , 9 ° 25' 23"  O ; CH1903:  751,555  /  one hundred and eighty-one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five
Height :	625  m above sea level M.
Height range :	600-1213 m above sea level M.
Area :	3.11  km²
Residents:	299 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	96 inhabitants per km²
Website:	www.rothenbrunnen.ch
Rothenbrunnen and Ortenstein Castle
Location of the municipality

Rothenbrunnen ( Romansh Giuvaulta ) is a municipality in the Viamala region in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

The German name comes from the warm healing and mineral spring containing iodine. The spring was used for spa treatments in the Kurhaus from 1888 until the 1920s.

geography

Historical aerial photo from xx m by Walter Mittelholzer from 1925

The place is a street village and lies in Domleschg in the valley floor to the right of the Hinterrhein at the west foot of the Stätzerhorn chain. The area with the Ravetsch farm (Rhaeto-Romanic Ravetg) belongs to the place. Of the entire municipal area of ​​310 hectares, 210 hectares are covered by forest and wood. Only 36 hectares can be used for agriculture. There is also 35 ha of unproductive area and 29 ha of settlement area.

coat of arms

Blazon : In silver (white) under a blue shield head topped with a six-pointed golden (yellow) star, a red fountain with blue water . The fountain as a speaking coat of arms and reference to the local healing spring is supplemented with the star from the coat of arms of the Lords of Juvalt . The iodine- and iron-containing spring mentioned by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (a therapeutic bath until 1922) gave the community its name.

history

Neolithic and Roman finds also point to an early transit route, as in the 13th century, the castles arose high and Innerjuvalt . Rothenbrunnen was a transit point for the transit route on the right bank of the Rhine.

Rothenbrunnen was named “Hof Juvalt” in 1472 (Romansh “Giuvaulta”) and in 1572 as “Zum Roten Brunnen”. Rothenbrunnen belonged to Tumegl / Tomils and after the Reformation at the end of the 16th century it belonged to Almens. The reformed church was built in 1741. Around 1848 the separation from Tumegl / Tomils took place. Rothenbrunnen was one of the neighborhoods of the judicial community of Ortenstein im Bodne until 1851.

The local noble family and then owners of the place, the Friien von Juvalt, were of German descent and called themselves von Juvalt. Juvalta is the name of the Romance families from Bergün and Zuoz. The Lords of Juvalt built the Hochjuvalt castles in the municipality of Rothenbrunnen, including their Niederburg, which was able to block the Reichstrasse as a dam and served as a customs post, as well as Innerjuvalt Castle.

The first Rhine bridge was built in 1828. The Rhine was corrected from 1836 onwards. In 1896 the station of the Rhaetian Railway was built and from 1896 to 1897 a road was built. In 1922 a cantonal retirement home and outstation of the Cazis psychiatric clinic was built. A children's and special school home in 1935 and 1961. As a result of the highway construction in 1983, the community carried out an amelioration.

During the Second World War , the Rothenbrunnen locking point was created in the narrow area of ​​Rothenbrunnen and in the rock head of the Hochjuvalt .

population

Population development
year	1803	1850	1900	1950	1980	1990	2000	2005	2010	2012	2014	2016
Residents	64	92	77	247	403	330	422	303	314	310	309	304

languages

The original language of the community residents was Sutselvisch , a Graubünden Romance dialect. But as early as the second half of the 19th century, a constant change in language began. While 71% spoke Romansh in 1880, there was a relative German-speaking majority for the first time in 1900 with 49% compared to 47% Romansh speakers. Since 1910, German has been in the majority with 63% of the population. By 1941, the proportion of Romansh speakers had fallen to 18%. This erosion process continues to this day in a weakened form. In 1803 the place had 64 inhabitants, in 1850 92, 1900 77, 1950 247, and 2000 422.

Languages ​​in Rothenbrunnen
languages	1980 census		1990 census		2000 census
	number	proportion of	number	proportion of	number	proportion of
German	265	65.76%	254	76.97%	351	83.18%
Romansh	44	10.92%	32	9.70%	32	7.58%
Italian	69	17.12%	11	3.33%	7th	1.66%
Residents	403	100%	330	100%	422	100%

14% of the population still understand Romansh today, but German is the only official language.

Origin and nationality

Of the 303 residents at the end of 2005, 266 (= 88%) were Swiss citizens.

Economy and Infrastructure

In Rothenbrunnen there is a power plant of the Zurich City Electricity Plant (EWZ), which forms the lowest level of the EWZ Kraftwerke Mittelbünden . The water of the Albula is used , which actually flows a few kilometers up the Rhine near Sils in Domleschg into the Rhine.

A second power plant belongs to Kraftwerke Zervreila (KWZ) and uses the water from the Zervreilasee , the Valser Tal and the Safiental , from where the pressure pipe leads through the Heinzenberg to the power plant center in Domleschg. Both the power station and the switchgear are to the left of the Hinterrhein.

Immediately north of the KWZ switchgear is the Rothenbrunnen railway station of the Rhaetian Railway (RhB). From there, a bus line from PostBus Graubünden serves the village of Rothenbrunnen and the other villages up the Rhine in Domleschg to the RhB train station Thusis .

Since 1983 the A13 motorway has passed the village; There is a junction of the same name in the municipality.

The Domleschg Castle Path starts in Rothenbrunnen at the train station .

Attractions

See also : List of cultural assets in Rothenbrunnen

• Innerjuvalt Castle
• Hochjuvalt Castle
• Reformed Church Rothenbrunnen

• 

  The eponymous fountain

• 

  The former spa hotel

literature

• Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden III. The valley communities Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .
• The municipalities of the canton of Graubünden. Rüegger, Chur / Zurich 2003, ISBN 3-7253-0741-5 .
• The Friien von Juvalt from Sigfrid I to Rodolf II ultimus (1123-1462). Chronology, family history, public charges, possessions, family connections with the Rhaetian nobility. Available from the Graubünden State Archives, Chur
• Mathias Kundert: The language change in Domleschg and on Heinzenberg (19th / 20th century). Commission publisher Desertina, Chur 2007, ISBN 978-3-85637-340-5 .
• Jürg Simonett: Rothenbrunnen. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2010 .

Web links

Commons : Rothenbrunnen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Rothenbrunnen on the ETHorama platform
• Official website of the community of Rothenbrunnen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .