Other

Other
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Graubünden (GR)
Region :	Viamala
BFS no. :	3701
Postal code :	7440 Andeer 7442 Clugin 7443 Pignia
Coordinates :	751 548  /  162 881 coordinates: 46 ° 36 '0 "  N , 9 ° 25' 0"  O ; CH1903:  seven hundred and fifty-one thousand five hundred forty-eight  /  one hundred and sixty-two thousand eight hundred eighty-one
Height :	982  m above sea level M.
Height range :	941–2971 m above sea level M.
Area :	46.30  km²
Residents:	908 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	20 inhabitants per km²
Website:	www.andeer.ch
Other. Top left are the ruins of Cagliatscha Castle
Location of the municipality

Andeer ( [ɐnˈder] ^{? / I} ) is a municipality in the Viamala region in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland . On January 1, 2009, the previously independent municipalities of Clugin and Pignia were merged with the municipality of Andeer.

coat of arms

Blazon : In silver (white) on a black shield foot in pewter cut an upright black bear with red armor

Talking coat of arms related to Bärenburg Castle , the historical administrative center of the valley .

geography

Historical aerial photo from 2000 m by Walter Mittelholzer from 1925

Andeer is located in the Schamsertal (Romansh: Val Schons ) on the Hinterrhein . Due to its convenient location in terms of transport, Andeer is the most populous municipality in the Schams district.

history

Coin finds from the early imperial period indicate that the Romans probably passed Andeer when they conquered their province of Raetia (from 15 BC). It is believed that the settlement called Lapidaria at that time became an important stopover on the journey across the Alps.

To the south of the village, near the hamlet of Bärenburg, are the ruins of the former Bärenburg castle .

The construction of routes over the Splügen and San Bernardino passes brought an upswing around 1820, which led to the decline of freight transport with the opening of the railway tunnels through the Alps towards the end of the 19th century. Since the opening of the San Bernardino road tunnel in 1967, Andeer has again been on a busy route ( A 13 ).

Until the middle of the 20th century, Romansh was the majority spoken in Andeer . Since then, German has slowly but steadily gained ground.

population

Population development
year	1803	1850	1880	1900	1950	1960	1980	1990	2000	2005	2010	2012	2014	2016
Residents	402	591	601	499	631	988	582	593	669	724	867	883	903	948

languages

Originally, the inhabitants spoke Sutselvisch , a Graubünden Romanesque dialect. The decline of Romansh began after 1850. Nonetheless, in 1880 65% of the population still stated Romansh as their language. By 1910 the proportion sank to 54%, after which it stabilized until the beginning of the Second World War. Since then, there has been a strong language change. In 1970, 205 people were still speaking Romansh.

Languages ​​in Andeer GR
languages	1980 census		1990 census		2000 census
	number	proportion of	number	proportion of	number	proportion of
German	364	62.54%	446	75.21%	542	81.02%
Romansh	144	24.74%	87	14.67%	61	9.12%
Italian	47	8.08%	27	4.55%	16	2.39%
Residents	582	100%	593	100%	669	100%

German is officially the only official language. However, since 22% of the residents still understand Romansh, the municipality also provides information in Romansh.

Origin and nationality

Of the 724 residents at the end of 2005, 645 (= 89%) were Swiss citizens.

Baroque church from 1673

economy

Other orthogneiss, processing with a circular log saw

Gneiss Verde Andeer with common structural features

The green Andeerer orthogneiss (trade name: Andeerer Granit or Verde Andeer ), which is mined and processed by two companies on the edge of the village, is well known. In the petrographic sense, it is a metamorphite. The Toscano company mines the rock in two places (Bärenloch and Parsagna). The natural deposit situation means that the Andeerer Orthogneiss has to be mined at an angle. Due to the pronounced directional structure of the deposit, you can get this rock "in the camp" (cloudy structure) or "against the camp" (with a streaky structure). This is why slabs with rough cracks are possible, which is usually not possible with many granites .

The Verde Andeer is internationally known primarily for its use in gravestones and slabs as well as in interior decoration. The typical green color is almost unrivaled among natural stones. It comes from the minerals phengite (light green) and chlorite (dark green).

Almost 100% of the overburden is used. This results in bricks, aggregates for the concrete industry or for road and railroad gravel . Except for large raw panels, all work is carried out on site.

A new quarry has been opened at the old San Bernardinopass , in which a silver-gray variant of orthogneiss is extracted. Due to the uncomplicated and open-minded licensing structure in Switzerland, it is possible to develop and mine new types of natural stone . The material was marketed under the trade name Rhein-Quarzit .

Another product from Andeer is the cheese from the local dairy. This was closed in 2000, but reopened a year later. Five farmers deliver 360,000 kg of milk a year, from which various dairy products are made. In 2010, the other dream won the gold medal in the "Smeared Hard Cheese " category at the Championship Cheese Contest in Wisconsin USA.

tourism

Today tourism is very important to the village. Old houses and streets as well as some culinary specialties attract tourists. There are overnight accommodations in five hotels, numerous holiday apartments and on a campsite. The Via Spluga long-distance hiking trail (from Thusis to Chiavenna in Italy) leads through Andeer, which can serve as a stage destination. Andeer is also centrally located for summer and winter excursions to the Schamser Berg, the Avers and the Hinterrhein region.

Roffla Gorge

An impressive family story is what triggered the development of the Roffla Gorge . At the beginning of the 20th century, the American emigrant Christian Pitschen-Melchior returned to his homeland and took over the restaurant on the Rofflaschlucht from his parents. Inspired by the Niagara Falls, Christian and his family set themselves the goal of opening up the waterfall in the Roffla Gorge as a tourist attraction and thus ensuring the family's survival.

In 1907 he began to pave his way into the gorge. He worked on his work for seven years and after 8,000 blasts the time had come: The new rock gallery led to the waterfall in the center of the gorge. Then as now, crossing under the roaring Rhine is an impressive experience. At the entrance to the Rofflaschlucht there is the historic inn with a restaurant and a small museum that documents the history of its origins.

Mineral spring and mineral bath Aquandeer

Andeer is known for its healing spring; the mineral bath with wellness area is one of the main tourist attractions of Andeer.

The mineral spring rises on the ground of the Pignia fraction, located downstream from Andeer, near the Bogn group of houses on the main road below this village (Bad; Postbus stop). The water has a temperature of 18 ° at the outlet; for the mineral bath in Andeer it is heated to 34 °. It has a high mineralization of calcium, magnesium and sulfates (total mineralization: 2245.5 mgr / l). It is therefore a slightly iron-containing gypsum water with a remarkable magnesium content. The spring has been supplying about 200 liters per minute for a long time; Years with little precipitation have an impact after a few years in the form of reduced emissions.

When you drink the water, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling effects on the tissues, and it causes increased urination. Furthermore, beneficial effects in convalescence and rehabilitation after illnesses, operations and accidents as well as vegetative regulation disorders are mentioned.

The pool used to be in the aforementioned group of houses below Pignia, but since 1882 the water has been piped to Andeer in an approximately 1 km long pipe. In 1968 the outdated bathing facility was given up. In view of the great importance of the bath for the overall economic development of Andeer, the Schamser Heilbad Andeer AG was founded in 1981 and the modern mineral bath was opened the following year. In 1996 an outdoor pool was added, which was renewed in 2007 and provided with attractive lighting. Various wellness and therapy facilities complement the bathroom.

Attractions

See also : List of cultural assets in Andeer

• The reformed church.
• The schoolhouse and gymnasium expansion, 2005.
• House Capol .
• House Padrun.
• Rosales house.

Others

• In 2003, the Hinterrhein senior citizens' home was built, and by the summer of 2005 a new gymnasium and a high school building were built for the district.
• A major source of income for the community is the water interest from Kraftwerke Hinterrhein AG, along with the quarries already mentioned.

• 

  Hotel and thermal bath Fravi

• 

  Wall painting and inscription on Sutsilvan to the beautiful valley Val Schons

• 

  Rofflaschlucht restaurant

• 

  in the Roffla Gorge

Sons of the community

• Mattli Conrad or Conradi (1745–1832), reformed pastor, Romanist and Romansh writer
• Nikolaus Mani (1920–2001), medical historian in Basel

literature

• Adrian Collenberg: Three mountain communities - three developments: Trun, Andeer and Saas i.Pr. (1850-1950) . Series of publications on sustainable agriculture and forestry in the Alpine region, volume 6. Kiel: Vauk, 2002. ISBN 3-8175-0368-7
• Otto Pajarola: The Andeerer Maiensäss Mut - an idyll in shame . Andeer, 2001.
• Step by step through Andeer. Small guide for tours . Ed .: Andeer Tourism. 1998.
• Jutta Betz: Fatima Church Andeer / Graubünden . Peda art guide no. 435. Peda art publisher , Passau, 1998. ISBN 3-89643-092-0
• Hans Hofmann: Andeer. Paths to the water . Calanda-Verlag, Chur, 1997.
• Domenic Mischol: The Andeer mineral and mud bath and its surroundings . Views album. Andeer / Zurich, 1910.
• L. Nagel: Andeer in Graubünden. Its mineral spring and surroundings . Chur, 1890.
• F. Goll: The Pignieu-Andeer mineral spring in Schamser Thale Ct. Grisons . 2nd edition. Verlag Füssli, Zurich, 1883.
• Friedrich Goll: The mineral bath. The iron-containing Gypstherme of Pignieu-Andeer in the Schamser-Thale, Canton of Graubünden . Zurich, 1882.
• Johann Jakob Schrämli: Natural history remarks about the Schamserthal in the canton of Graubünden, together with notes about the bath of Pignieu near Andeer . Zurich, 1830.
• Jürg Simonett: Andeer. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2016 .

Web links

Commons : Andeer  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Andeer on the ETHorama platform
• Official website of the municipality of Andeer
• Andeer in the mirror of the times

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Rofflaschlucht: Welcome, it's beautiful here. Retrieved May 28, 2017 . 
3. ↑ Bündner Jahrbuch 2019, 12-14.
4. ↑ Otto Högl: The mineral and medicinal springs of Switzerland. Verlag Haupt, Bern, 1980, pages 152-153
5. ^ Reformed Church
6. ↑ Expansion of the school building and gym
7. ↑ Capol House
8. ^ House Padrun
9. ↑ House Pedrun on ETHorama
10. ↑ Rosales House