School community
School municipality refers to a municipality or local authority that acts as the sponsor of public schools . For the slightly different uses of the term in Germany , Austria and Switzerland, see the following sections. The term is also used with other meanings.
Germany
School communities in Germany used to be responsible for schools . In the 19th century, parishes and political communities formed a unit in their area. In the 19th century (in Bremen in 1889) political and ecclesiastical communities were separated from one another. School communities then continued to exist because the areas of the political communities were often very small and several communities shared a school; conversely, there were several school communities in larger communities and in cities. Today such school communities are called “ school associations ”.
Austria
In Austria the term has several meanings:
- A school community is the amalgamation of several communities in the form of a community association that maintains a common school.
- The community of teachers, students and parents is also known as the school community. You can solve individual school problems or questions together, for example a five-day or six-day week at this school.
Switzerland
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In Switzerland, in some municipalities in the cantons of Zurich , Thurgau , St. Gallen , Appenzell Innerrhoden and Nidwalden, the public municipal schools are not administered by the political municipality , but by a separate school municipality. The school community is thus an independent public corporation that exists alongside the political community, the parish and sometimes other communities such as the civil parish or the corporate community . The municipal area of the political municipality and the school municipality is often identical, but can also be different.
The voters of the community elect a school council or a school administration from among their number . The election takes place partly in the form of a school community assembly. The school council directs the community schools and elects a school council president or a head of school administration from among its members. The school councils are mostly supported by the education department of the respective canton or by offices subordinate to the department.
The separation of the school community and the political community was and is always a subject of discussion. There are efforts in many places to combine these to form a unified church . In the canton of Glarus , all school communities were abolished on January 1, 2011 and integrated into the newly created unified communities. In the canton of Zurich, too, the number of autonomous school communities is shrinking from year to year. In the canton of St. Gallen, the new Municipal Association Act in 2007 and the new Municipal Act in 2009 created the legal basis for integrating school communities into the political communities on a voluntary basis. The same thing happened in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden with the merger law of 2012 (where the political communities are called “districts”).
Different meanings
The term “school community” also refers to the community of teachers, pupils and parents in a school as well as the sum of all the organs of a school ( school conference , school management, liaison teacher, pupil council, school parents' council, support association).
Already Friedrich Wilhelm Dörpfeld (1824-1893) submitted the draft for a school community in which all those interested in school (state, church, parents and teachers) were obliged to cooperate with a view to a harmonious, Christian-oriented school education and the self-administration towards the authorities was strengthened should be.
In reform-pedagogical rural education centers , such as the Free School Community of Wickersdorf, founded in 1906 by Gustav Wyneken and Paul Geheeb , or the Odenwald School (founded in 1910), self-organization and the rights of the pupils (“the youth ”) increasingly come to the fore. Here, the school community is primarily understood to be the community of teachers and students in which all age groups can and must work responsibly and with voting rights.
Pastoral initiatives at schools are also referred to as “school communities”, e. B. the “Initiative Schulgemeinde” of the comprehensive school Bellevue Saarbrücken. In the case of denominational schools, the community of teachers, pupils and parents is identical to the pastoral unit “school community”.
Furthermore, the term “school community” (or “school town” ) is also used colloquially for communities or cities that hold such schools for surrounding communities without secondary schools. Example: "As a school town, Besigheim has a high school, a secondary school and a special needs school for the entire surrounding area."
Individual evidence
- ↑ As in Kirchberg SG : Schulgemeinde Kirchberg ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Representation of the Kirchberg school community consisting of several school districts.
- ↑ See the example from Hergiswil NW from 2009: the municipal council and school council jointly advocate the creation of a unified congregation . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 26 kB) Media information from the Hergiswil community and school community from December 14, 2009. New community ordinance adopted - school community and political community become one . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: ONZ Obwalden and Nidwalden Zeitung , May 15, 2011.
- ↑ CWS: Schulgemeinde ( Memento from July 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Willy Potthoff , The idea of the school community. Ideas on the cooperative self-government of the school in the 19th century, Heidelberg 1971
- ^ Willy Potthoff , Introduction to Reform Education, Freiburg i. Br 2003 (4th ed.)
- ↑ Democratic Citizenship - Project 44/92 "initiative school community"
- ^ Elisabeth von Thadden School . Elisabeth von Thadden School
