Farms
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A farmer or Swiss German Püürt (from Old High German gibūrida "area, province", an abstract to Old High German gibūr "tribal comrade, village comrade, farmer") is a corporation in the Bernese Oberland organized under public or private law . Until recently, the term was also known in parts of the canton of Graubünden , where today one usually speaks of a fraction .
history
The farmers go back to the medieval farming communities. They are thus founded in the prehistoric gatherings of farmers at which the use of their common goods (forests, Alps, common land, etc.) was regulated. In terms of function, they are similar to the corporation communities in Central Switzerland and Glarus , the parliamentary groups in the Graubünden region of Davos and the former civil communities in the canton of Zurich, and historically also the old civic communities of the Confederation or the neighborhoods of the old Free State of the Three Leagues . On the other hand, they can be clearly distinguished from the modern municipalities .
legal form
The term “farmer” cannot be assigned to any specific legal form in the canton of Bern today. A farmer can be a subdivision of a municipality in accordance with Art. 123 of the Bern Municipal Act or a civil corporation under Art. 117 of the Municipal Act, but also a real society under Art. 20 of the Bern Introductory Act to the Swiss Civil Code or an association under Art. 60 ff of the Swiss Civil Code . The first two are thus corporations under public cantonal law, the third type is a corporation under cantonal private law (with membership linked to a certain property), and the latter is a corporation under federal private law.
Eight of the 15 subdivisions of residential communities that are still in existence today are called farmers, and of the 74 civil corporations that are currently held, 22 are called farmers (as of 2013). No figures are known about the private farmers. Some of the latter are earlier public corporations, which, however, could no longer meet the requirements of the municipal law and therefore converted into associations, but for reasons of tradition they stuck to the term farmer.
In the canton of Graubünden, the former farmers and today's parliamentary groups have lost their existence as legally relevant bodies at the latest in the course of the current municipal mergers. The parliamentary groups in the Davos region are an exception .
tasks
The duties of today's farmers in Bern are very different. Some perform certain permanent community tasks, for example the maintenance of the school and other community-owned property, road maintenance, winter service and / or water and energy supply. Other farmers, on the other hand, primarily manage and manage their land and forest holdings.
See also
literature
- Anne-Marie Dubler : Farmer. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Bǖrt. In: Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume IV, Sp. 1635 f.
Individual evidence
- ^ Albert L. Lloyd, Rosemarie Lühr: Etymological Dictionary of Old High German, Volume IV: gâba - hylare. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2009, pp. 222–224; Schweizerisches Idiotikon, Volume IV. Huber, Frauenfeld 1901, Sp. 1635 f.
- ^ Municipal law of March 16, 1998.
- ↑ Law on the introduction of the Swiss Civil Code of May 28, 1911.
- ↑ a b c Information from the Bern Office for Municipalities and Regional Planning, Municipalities Department, dated May 7, 2013.
- ↑ Until the merger with the neighboring communities of Tenna , Versam and Valendas on January 1, 2013 , the municipality of Safien consisted of the four fractions / Pürten Tal, Camana, Zalön and Gün. (Private information mediated by the municipality of Safiental from May 12, 2013).