Parliamentary group

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Municipality in Switzerland

Fractional communities are districts established under public law within the Graubünden community ("landscape") of Davos , similar to the farmers in the canton of Bern , the corporation communities in Central Switzerland and in the canton of Glarus or the former civil communities in the canton of Zurich . They have (s) an internal autonomy that decreases over time. After five of the six parliamentary groups dissolved at the end of 2018, Davos Monstein is the only one remaining.

terminology

The terminology varies. The term «Fraktionsgemeinde» was first found in 1889, when the communal taxes in Davos Platz were redistributed between the parish and [the] parliamentary parish , and is also currently, for example, in the statutes of the Fraktionsgemeinde Monstein from December 7, 1996 (partially revised on December 3, 2010), the annual reports of the Davos Platz parliamentary group and the Davos website. The Graubünden municipal law of April 28, 1974 (also in the more recent transitional provisions in Article 110) speaks of "parliamentary groups", as does the Davos municipal constitutions of 1901 and 2019.

Legal status

The parliamentary groups, as regional authorities under public law, once performed those tasks that were assigned to them by the Davos landscape ( political municipality ) or that were not used by the landscape. They held their own parliamentary group assemblies, issued their organizational statutes, levied parliamentary group taxes (in fractions of the landscape taxes), administered their property and property, organized alpine and alpine pasturing, ran primary schools (until the 20th century) and a kindergarten (until 2004) and maintained the local fire brigade (until 2008); the last public law task that the parliamentary groups performed until the end of 2018 was funeral and cemetery affairs.

The last remaining parliamentary group, Monstein, is recognized in the Constitution of the Davos community of 2019 as a “public-law regional body” [Community executive] need ». Functionally, the Monstein parliamentary group is a corporation ; Accordingly, it defines itself in its statutes as an “independent, economic, public corporation within the meaning of and within the limits of cantonal laws”. Today (2020) it is responsible for the following four tasks, all of which are private law : It owns a brewery building, the old church , the saw on Oberalpigerbach and a community freezer. To finance it, it rents the brewery building to Biervision, the saw is leased to the Gysin joinery , the freezer is financed by renting around fifty freezers, and the old church houses a Swisscom antenna in the tower , which generates significant annual income.

history

Until well into the 19th century, the Davos landscape (at that time still without the current district of Davos Wiesen) was divided into 14 neighborhoods (seven in the upper section and seven in the lower section) and five Protestant-Reformed parishes , which were also school communities . The modern political community was formed from the former in 1878 . On July 1, 1889, church and state were the first parliamentary group in Davos Platz to be financially separated, so that in addition to the five parishes (whose members were the Reformed Churches belonging to the Graubünden regional church) there were now five new «parliamentary groups», each of which acted as resident communities, each with its own funding . The final separation took place in the following years, when separate statutes were issued for the parliamentary groups and the parishes (in Davos Platz for example on September 4, 1892). At community level, they are mentioned for the first time in the Davos Landscape Constitution of April 21, 1901 (as “administration of the parliamentary groups”). At that time, the political community (landscape) delegated to the parliamentary groups in particular the establishment of primary schools and kindergartens, the organization of the fire brigade and the funeral service. The parishes lost their first important task when the parish took over the primary schools. In 2004 the kindergarten system was also centralized, and in 2008 the five fire brigades. The only task delegated by the congregation to the parliamentary groups was the funeral.

On August 31, 2006, the Graubünden cantonal parliament decided, on the occasion of the deliberation on the law on communal and church taxes, that existing parliamentary groups with their own regional authorities, which levy their own income and wealth tax on January 1, 2009, should only do this for a transitional period of ten for years to come, which deprived the Davos parliamentary groups of their livelihoods. Therefore, five of the now six parliamentary groups since the incorporation of Wiesen decided to dissolve on December 31, 2018. Since the Davos Monstein parliamentary group has tax-independent income on the one hand and four properties to be managed on the other, it is the only one that still exists today.

In terms of the church, the six parishes of Dorf, Platz, Frauenkirch, Glaris, Monstein and Wiesen each formed their own Protestant-Reformed parishes. More recently, Frauenkirch, Glaris, Monstein and Wiesen have been united to form the Davos Altein parish, so that there are still three Protestant Reformed parishes in the area of ​​the Davos political community.

Duration

Fractional communities in the Davos landscape

The Davos landscape comprised six parishes at the end of 2018:

Davos Wiesen was only a parliamentary group of the Davos region from 2009, before it formed its own political municipality.

literature

  • Kaspar Jörger: What are parliamentary groups? In: Davoser Revue 61, 1986, pp. 137–141.
  • Conrad Poltéra-Lang: The municipal parliamentary groups according to the federal state and administrative law (with special consideration of the Davos parliamentary groups). Rhaetian Printing House, Davos-Platz 1921.

Web links

Website of the parliamentary groups (accessed on August 12, 2020):

Statutes of the parliamentary groups (accessed on August 12, 2020):

Common portal of the parishes:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kaspar Jörger: What are parliamentary groups? In: Davoser Revue 61, 1986, pp. 137–141, here p. 139.
  2. ↑ a b Statutes of the Monstein parliamentary group of December 7, 1996 (partially revised on December 3, 2010) (accessed on August 12, 2020).
  3. ↑ For example annual report 2017 Davos Platz parliamentary group (accessed on August 12, 2020).
  4. ^ Municipality of Davos> Fraktionsgemeinden (accessed on August 12, 2020).
  5. ^ Municipal law of the canton of Graubünden of April 28, 1974, with later revisions (accessed on August 12, 2020).
  6. ↑ Kaspar Jörger: What are parliamentary groups? In: Davoser Revue 61, 1986, pp. 137–141, here p. 137.
  7. ↑ a b Constitution of the community of Davos of November 24, 2019, Article 1 (accessed on August 12, 2020).
  8. ^ Information from Hans Laely, President of the Monstein parliamentary group, dated August 11, 2020.
  9. ↑ Kaspar Jörger: What are parliamentary groups? In: Davoser Revue 61, 1986, pp. 137–142.
  10. ↑ For Davos Platz see the article Dissolution of the parliamentary group in the annual report 2017 [of the] parliamentary group Davos Platz, p. 16 f. (accessed on August 12, 2020)