Civil parish (Canton of Zurich)
Municipality in Switzerland
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The civil parish was a common type of parish in the Swiss canton of Zurich in the 19th century, but no longer exists today. Based on the new cantonal constitution, it was repealed at the beginning of 2010.
history
The civil parishes were corporations under public cantonal law, which usually comprised individual localities within a larger political municipality , but sometimes also concerned the same object.
They were created during the time of the Helvetic Republic , when the old village communities were split up into corporations under private law and civil parishes under public law (cf. community dualism ). In the first half of the 19th century numerous new foundations were made, so that in 1855 a high of 420 corporations with civil parish status were registered. In the decades that followed, the number of civil parishes shrank. Sennhof near Winterthur was probably one of the last newly founded civil parishes in 1875 ; However, new foundations were not prohibited until the municipal law of 1929. In 1894 there were 294 civil parishes, and in 1960 there were 41. By 2005 - when the new cantonal constitution was voted on - the number had fallen to 20 corporations.
Their tasks initially included all material tasks of a community such as fields, roads, water and fire fighting; The political commons, on the other hand, had constitutional tasks such as police, civil status, notarization and guardianship. However, the political communities were increasingly strengthened at the expense of the civil parishes, among other things with the municipal law of 1875.
Legal status
Like all other communities , the civil communities were also subject to the supervision of the district council and the government council and were thus organized under public law. However, the civil parishes were not entitled to payments from the financial equalization scheme ; they had to pay for their own maintenance, for example through fees and income from the remaining tasks such as electricity and water supply or maintenance of the corridor. Taxes they could raise.
New constitution of the canton of Zurich
The new cantonal constitution of the Zurich state brought the abolition of civil parishes with it.
The draft constitution was approved by voters on February 27, 2005 and entered into force on January 1, 2006. According to Art. 143 Para. 1 KV, the civil parishes were within four years, i. H. as of January 1, 2010 , to unite with the respective political municipality on whose territory they were located.
In the discussion of the new constitution, the civil parish was referred to as an "old braid" that had to be cut off. The civil parishes, however, were of a different opinion and defended their existence, among other things, with the argument that they were more efficient than almost any other body. These arguments did not catch on with the Constitutional Council.
List of civil parishes still in existence at the time of voting
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Andelfingen district
- Gräslikon (political municipality Berg am Irchel ; dissolved on January 1, 2007)
- Guntalingen (political municipality Waltalingen )
- Rudolfingen (political municipality Trüllikon )
- Trüllikon (political municipality Trüllikon )
- Wildensbuch (political municipality Trüllikon )
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Bülach district
- Breite-Hakab (political municipality Nürensdorf , dissolved on January 1, 2008)
- Oberwil (political municipality Nürensdorf , dissolved on August 22, 2009)
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Dielsdorf district
- Adlikon (political municipality Regensdorf )
- Niederhasli (political municipality Niederhasli )
- Oberhasli (political municipality Niederhasli )
- Stadel (political municipality Stadel near Niederglatt )
- Watt (political municipality Regensdorf )
- Windlach (political municipality Stadel bei Niederglatt )
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Pfäffikon district
- Bauma (political municipality Bauma )
- Neschwil (political municipality Weisslingen )
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Uster district
- Brüttisellen (political municipality Wangen-Brüttisellen )
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Winterthur district
- Wiesendangen (political municipality Wiesendangen )
In the districts of Affoltern , Dietikon , Horgen , Meilen and Zurich there were no more civil parishes at that time.
See also
Web links
- Otto Sigg : civil parish. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- "We do common cause". Regensdorf / Stadel: civil parishes check public-law institution ( memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) , newspaper association ZLZ: Zürcher Unterländer / NBT, June 22, 2007
- New canton's constitution - voting result of February 27, 2005 ( memento of January 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) , Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich
- Civil parishes do not want to give way , NZZ , July 12, 2004