Country Education Home

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Country education homes or country school homes are a form of boarding schools oriented towards reform education that emerged at the end of the 19th century . They should not be a teaching institution, but a place of learning and living as well as a home for the students.

Emergence

The term was coined by the founder of the German Landerziehungsheim or rural school movement, the reform pedagogue Hermann Lietz . Its origin lies in the criticism of the mere transfer of knowledge in conventional schools. The powder mill near Ilsenburg in the Harz Mountains, founded in 1898, is considered the first German rural education center, followed by Haubinda in Thuringia (1901) and Bieberstein Castle in the Hessian Rhön (1904). Their concept includes the location in the country, which is supposed to enable a holistic upbringing far from the influence of the big city, which is regarded as harmful . There is a close relationship to the youth movement . Further, more practical, background to the rural education movement came from the public school in England and the educational ideas of John Locke and Thomas Arnold , from Germany from philanthropy and from France from the ideas of Michel de Montaigne and Jean-Jacques Rousseau .

In Germany, the Fürstenschule Schulpforta (founded in 1543) near Naumburg (Saale) , the Salzmann School in Schnepfenthal (founded in 1784) and the "Allgemeine Deutsche Erziehungsanstalt" by Friedrich Fröbel (founded in 1784) are early forerunners that already have individual structural elements of the rural education homes . 1816, from 1817 in Keilhau ).

The first boarding school , public school or boarding school is the King's School Canterbury , founded in England in 597 , followed by Winchester College 1382, Sevenoaks School 1432, Eton College 1440, Westminster College 1509, Oundle School 1556, Rugby School 1567, Harrow School 1572, Charterhouse 1611 etc. One of the oldest preparatory schools is the Cheam School, founded in Headley in 1645 .

The Abbotsholme School founded by Cecil Reddie in the Midlands of England in 1889 had a decisive influence on Hermann Lietz .

Founders of German boarding schools by year of birth:

Country education homes in Germany

Hermann Lietz Schools :

other schools :

14 of the above-mentioned country education centers have joined forces with the Swiss École d'Humanité in the umbrella organization Die Internat Vereinigung . This was reconstituted in 2012 from its predecessor, the Vereinigung Deutscher Landerziehungsheime (LEH) , after several of its members had previously resigned.

Jewish country school homes in Germany and their founders

The Samson School , a Jewish free school , had existed in Wolfenbüttel since 1786 . In the 1920s, attempts were made to realign the school, but this was unsuccessful and led to its closure in 1928. Hildegard Feidel-Mertz writes about the reasons: “In 1928 the traditional Samson School in Wolfenbüttel failed to become a modern Jewish rural education home based on the model of Wickersdorf or the Odenwald School , because the assimilated Jewish bourgeoisie preferred their children to them from the outset sent liberal rural education centers, which were distinguished by tolerance and open-mindedness. "

As a result of the increasing exclusion of Jewish children and teachers from the German school system from 1933 onwards, Jewish country school homes were again set up in Germany . They were predominantly in the tradition of reform pedagogy, but also set themselves the task of raising the children to become self-confident members of the persecuted Jewish community and preparing them for emigration.

The one founded in Sweden was also in the tradition of these Jewish rural education centers

Country Education Homes in the UK

Country schools in France

Country education homes in Switzerland

literature

  • Paul Geheeb : The Odenwald School 1909–1934 (= educational reform in sources 6). Text by Paul Geheeb. Reports and discussions from staff and students. Edited by Ulrich Herrmann . Verlag IKS Garamond, Jena 2010, ISBN 978-3-941854-15-4 .
  • Kurt Hahn : Reform with a sense of proportion. Selected writings by a politician and educator. Published by Michael Knoll. With a foreword by Hartmut von Hentig . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-608-91951-1 .
  • Bernhard Hell : The Evangelical School Community. Attempt to design a Protestant rural education home (= educational reform in sources 8). Edited and commented by Ralf Koerrenz . Publishing house IKS Garamond, Jena 2011, ISBN 978-3-941854-44-4 .
  • Hermann Lietz : The first three German rural education homes twenty years after the establishment. An attempt to seriously implement German school reform. Publishing house of the rural orphanage ad Ilse, Veckenstedt 1918.
  • Hermann Lietz : Reform of the school through reform schools. Small writings (= educational reform in sources 1). Edited by Ralf Koerrenz . IKS, Jena 2005, ISBN 3-938203-15-3 .
  • Hermann Lietz : Protestantism as idealistic pedagogy. Small writings on religion and religious instruction. Edited by Ralf Koerrenz . Jena 2011 (Pedagogical Reform in Sources Vol. 14)
  • Ralf Koerrenz : Hermann Lietz. Introduction with central texts. Paderborn 2011, ISBN 978-3-506-77204-6
  • Gustav Wyneken : Free school community Wickersdorf. Small writings (= educational reform in sources 4). Edited by Ulrich Herrmann. IKS Garamond, Jena 2006, ISBN 3-938203-41-2 .
  • Willy Potthoff : Introduction to Reform Education , Freiburg 2003, ISBN 3-925416-26-9 .
  • Hildegard Feidel-Mertz : Jewish country school homes in National Socialist Germany , updated version by Hermann Schnorbach in: Inge Hansen-Schaberg (Ed.): Landerziehungsheim-Pädagogik , Reformpädagogische Schulkonzepte, Volume 2, Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, Baltmannsweiler, 2012, ISBN 978-3- 8340-0962-3 , pp. 159-182. The article contains a comprehensive list of sources and references.

Web links

Wiktionary: Landerziehungsheim  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Willy Potthoff pp. 75-87
  2. ^ Gustav Marseille: Pedagogue and founder of the boarding school Schloss Bischofstein
  3. ↑ Willy Potthoff , p. 47
  4. ↑ s. Cape. 2.6 p. 33ff here (  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www-public.tu-bs.de  
  5. ↑ s. in addition - next to Leonard Nelson or PPA
  6. ↑ http://www.internate.de/index.php/internate/pressespiegel/die-internate-vereinigung.html
  7. ↑ Hildegard Feidel-Mertz: “With an eye for the whole”. The social pedagogue Gertrud Ferien (1890 - 1943) , in: Inge Hansen-Schaberg and Christian Ritzi (eds.): Paths of pedagogues before and after 1933 , Schneider Verlag Hohengehren GmbH, Baltmannsweiler, 2004, ISBN 3-89676-768-2 , P. 24
  8. ↑ Hildegard Feidel-Mertz: Jewish country school homes in National Socialist Germany
  9. ↑ The Jüdisches Landschulheim Herrlingen was located on the site of the Landschulheim Herrlingen founded by Anna Essinger and relocated to England in 1933 , but it was conceptually completely different and therefore cannot be regarded as its successor.