Public School (United Kingdom)
A public school, or independent school , in the UK is a school that is not funded by government agencies but instead funded by school fees, donations and bequests . They are called "Public" Schools because they are free for anyone who can pay the school fees. Although the schools were created out of charitable foundations, they collect all fees for teaching and housing students.
A public school in the narrower sense in Great Britain is a school that is run in accordance with the Public Schools Act of 1868 . The Public Schools Act of 1868 affected a group of nine schools based on investigations by the Clarendon Commission from 1861 to 1864 by the British Parliament. The law should reform and regulate these schools. The schools were open to boys only and were originally set up as foundations. The law gave schools independence from the Crown, (school) legislation and the Church. Instead, they are each regulated by a Board of Governors .
The nine schools affected by the law were:
- Charterhouse School
- Eton College
- Harrow School
- Merchant Taylors' School
- Rugby school
- Shrewsbury School
- St Paul's School
- Westminster School
- Winchester College
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- Colin Shrosbree: Public schools and private education. The Clarendon Commission, 1861-64. Manchester University Press, Manchester et al. 1988, ISBN 0-7190-2580-X , ( available from Google Books ).
- An Act to make further Provision for the good Government and Extension of certain Public Schools in England. In: A collection of the public general statutes passed in the Thirty-first and Thirty-second years of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria: Being the Third Session of the Nineteenth Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Georg Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, London 1868, pp. 560-571, ( available from Google Books ).
- An Act for Amending the Public Schools Act 1868. In: The statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, passed in 1868 - 9. Georg E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, London 1869, p. 190, ( available from Google Books )