Free school and work community

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Freie Schul- und Werkgemeinschaft (FSWG) was a reform pedagogical country house of education that was founded by the reform educator Bernhard Uffrecht (1885–1959) and his wife Hermine (1898–1961), called "Ini", née Schiff. It existed between 1919 and 1933 and was closed by the National Socialists against the background of the " Gleichschaltung " (Nazi diction) .

Locations

Princely camp

The Landschulheim, which is currently being founded, took its starting point in 1919 in the Jägerhaus at the entrance to the so-called prince camp built around 1790 in Auerbach near Bensheim an der Bergstrasse in the Odenwald , a village-like English park with grouped buildings, monuments and garden pavilions.

Sinntalhof

In the same year the new educational institution was referring in Sinntalhof the Lower Franconian Brückenau their rooms you Ernst Putz his parents presented (1896-1933) on the property available. The main building housed a guest house ( guest house ), so it already had sanitary facilities, rooms that could be inhabited by the students and teachers, and a spacious kitchen.

Dreilinden

As early as Easter 1920 there was another change of school location to Dreilinden near Potsdam in Brandenburg , where students and teachers billeted in the hunting lodge built in 1869 by the Prussian Prince Friedrich Karl , which had half-timbered elements. On the building mentioned by Theodor Fontane in his hikes through the Mark Brandenburg was the saying: “Small, but mine”. Demolished in 1952, the area is now the location of the Dreilinden district forester.

Saplings

The last development step was carried out in 1922, when the FSWG moved into the hunting lodge near Letzlingen in the Altmark of the province of Saxony , which was built in 1843 . This neo-Gothic palace, built from 1843 in the Tudor style , was built for King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia , but was not equipped for permanent living.

idea

The private educational institution was created in the tradition of the country school homes according to Hermann Lietz and deliberately distinguished itself from the state school system. At the same time, however, despite some similarities, a critical and distant relationship with the youth movement emerged, especially on political issues . Uffrecht, like the other country school homes, refused to simply cram facts. Fixed goals of teaching and attitudes were not set, "no matter how well meant". The students would have to gain their knowledge themselves, compare it with reality and accordingly discard it if necessary. As a consequence, only a democratic conception can be imagined.

School life

Right from the start, the students and teachers also worked handicrafts to set up and set up their boarding school. There was no connection to the water or energy supply at Letzlingen Castle. As a result, pipes and lines first had to be laid under the guidance of experienced master craftsmen in order to produce sanitary facilities.

As a result, the students were able to leave the boarding school not only with a school leaving certificate, but also with a solid technical training as a locksmith or carpenter journeyman. The school administration, including the bookkeeping and house cleaning, was the responsibility of the students. A high degree of mutual trust formed the basis of the FSWG , a constitution formed the framework. The origin of the individual was interesting, but never formed the basis for diversification or discrimination . Punishments were unknown. In order to enable undisturbed work and study in certain rooms, there was a duty of confidentiality.

School supervision was carried out by Adolf Grimme . From this the assessment has been handed down that the Free School and Work Community was “among the many school experiments of the Weimar period one of the most original, if not the most original of all, definitely the most social”.

Known teachers

  • Käthe Conrad (* 1893)
  • Henriette Fustier (1903–1988), called Yvès, wife of Pitt Krüger (1904–1989)
  • Elisabeth Wyneken (1876–1959), called "Lisbeth" or "Aunt Lies", sister of Gustav Wyneken

Known students

  • Walter Haenisch (1906–1938), German journalist, emigrant, victim of Stalinism
  • Anneliese Henckels (* 1912), daughter of the actor couple Paul Henckels and Cecilia Brie (1884–1984), trained as a nurse at the Paulinenhaus in Berlin-Westend .
  • Hanna Henckels, daughter of the actor couple Paul Henckels and Cecilia Brie (1884–1984), went to New Zealand as a maid before the outbreak of the Second World War.
  • Timm Henckels (1914–1993), later called “Timoteo”, son of the actor couple Paul Henckels and Cecilie Brie (1884–1984), trained as an agricultural assistant on an estate near Zernickow and in 1936 emigrated to Argentina. There he worked in the Villa Gesell colony project and later on the Estancia y Cabaña Orion near Las Rosas in the Santa Fe province .
  • Fridolin Seydewitz (1919–2016), called "Frido", was the son of Max Seydewitz , a member of the SPD Reichstag , public prosecutor in Dresden and honorary chairman of the Association of Persecuted Persons under the Nazi regime . Friedo emigrated to Prague in 1933 and to the Soviet Union in 1935. In 1938 he was arrested by the NKVD and deported to labor and prison camps on the Kolyma for ten years.
  • Karl-August Stümpfel
  • Lieselotte stumps
  • Wolfgang Wasow (1909–1993), mathematician

criticism

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Sebastian Siebert: Community was the most social design . In: Volksstimme, May 16, 2012. On: volksstimme.de
  2. ^ Leonhard Rugel: The higher school of Ernst Putz in the Sinntalhof . In: Annual report of the Franz-Miltenberger-Gymnasium Bad Brückenau, 1987/88 (1988), pp. 124-134.
  3. ^ Benjamin Zablocki: The joyful community. An account of the Bruderhof, a communal movement now in its third generation . University of Chicago Press. Chicago, London 1980. ISBN 0226977498 , pp. 94, 95, 105, 109.
  4. ^ Ulrich Uffrecht: The free school and work community Letzingen. A school experiment from yesteryear and its current significance . In: Zeitschrift für Erlebnispädagogik (ZfE) 12 (1995), pp. 12–30.
  5. ↑ Ulrich Uffrecht: The Free School and Work Community Letzlingen - Your Relationship to the Youth Movement and to the other State Education Centers . In: Neue Sammlung 35 (1995), 1, pp. 89-106. ISSN 0028-3355.
  6. ↑ Pitt Krüger: Letter to a Quaker friend . In: Hildegard Feidel-Mertz (Hrsg.): Schools in Exile. Repressed pedagogy after 1933 . Rowohlt, Reinbek 1983. ISBN 3-499-17789-7 , pp. 177-183.
  7. ↑ Peter Dudek : Vorweggelebtes Leben - The memories of the Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his Wickersdorfer school days . In: Gudrun Fiedler , Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried: Collecting - opening up - networking: youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014. ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 166.
  8. ^ A b c Corinna Below: A piece of Germany. 49 German-Argentine life stories . Book on Demand, Norderstedt 2016. ISBN 978-3743117341 , p. 133 ff.
  9. ^ Fridolin Seydewitz obituary notice . In: Sächsische Zeitung, April 23, 2016. On: sächsische-zeitung.de
  10. ↑ Seydewitz, Fridolin . On: deutsche-biographie.de
  11. ↑ German anti-fascists in the Gulag - Oswald Schneidratus in conversation with Frido Seydewitz , March 9, 2009. On: Politik-bildung-brandenburg.de
  12. ^ A b Natalia Mussienko, Alexander Vatlin: School of Dreams - The Karl Liebknecht School in Moscow (1924–1938) . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2005. ISBN 978-3-7815-1368-6 , pp. 24-25, 250
  13. ^ Fritz Karsen: The modern German elementary school 1928, pp. 287-298. Quotations pp. 292, 293.