Ludwig miracle

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Ludwig Wunder (born May 5, 1878 in Lauf an der Pegnitz , † March 7, 1949 in Michelbach an der Bilz ) was a German reform pedagogue .

Path to reform pedagogy

Ludwig Wunder was the son of the chemist Justin Wunder (1838–1910). He studied natural sciences in Erlangen and Munich. In 1899/1900 he graduated as "Association and Senior Teacher" in natural sciences and chemistry. From 1900 to 1902 he occupied an assistant position at the Realgymnasium Schweinfurt. From 1902 to 1906 he taught as a physics and chemistry teacher at the Hermann Lietz School in Haubinda (Thuringia). In 1906 he dismissed the previous headmaster Paul Geheeb on behalf of the headmaster Hermann Lietz . This conflict over mainly educational questions about coeducational upbringing in the home led to a secession and the establishment of the free school community Wickersdorf . Geheeb's supporter Gustav Wyneken also had to leave the facility. Also in 1906, Hermann Lietz appointed Wunder as the home manager and teacher at its re-establishment at Bieberstein Castle (Hesse). One of Wunder’s tasks was the reconstruction of the castle after the great fire in 1908. Wunder later split up with Lietz and moved to Sendelbach in 1912 , where he gave lectures at adult education centers and lectures and wrote physical textbooks. In 1915 he became reconciled with Gustav Wyneken, moved closer to his point of view and now blamed Lietz for the conflict of 1906. In 1917/18 he took part in battles on the Western Front as a soldier in World War I.

Foundations

In 1919 Ludwig Wunder acquired the fulling mill near Melsungen to build a country education home . At that time he was enthusiastic about the views of the philosopher Leonard Nelson , who continued Immanuel Kant's critical philosophy. Wunder handed over the fulling mill to Nelson and was therefore authorized to build the Walkemühle rural education home . At the end of 1924 he left the fulling mill after differences with Nelson. Minna Specht was his successor .

After his separation from the fulling mill , Wunder tried to found a school again. In Herrlingen near Ulm , he wanted to expand their children's home there into a rural education home in spring 1925 together with Claire Weimersheimer (1883–1963). The Landschulheim Herrlingen project failed due to funding and was not implemented until 1926 by Anna Essinger , Claire Weimersheimer's sister. After the failure of his plans in Herrlingen, Wunder moved to the Beeghof near Crailsheim in the summer of 1925, where he again founded a school.

In 1926 he leased Michelbach Castle on the Bilz near Schwäbisch Hall from the Prince of Löwenstein for a period of 50 years. The rent was very low as the palace complex had already fallen into ruin. Wunder made a makeshift restoration of one floor of the palace and founded a vegetarian country education home with a community of six people . The number of students increased to 28 within the first two years. The lease of the castle was linked to the condition that the buildings should be made habitable again within nine years, which Wunder achieved in half the time. The school was initially in deficit, but Wunder knew how to cover the costs through further training courses at the Badischer Lehrerverein . He was also able to purchase various land in the area for the school to grow food for the school.

Wunder and his students took part in archaeological excavations several times, including the excavation of a Stone Age settlement near Blindheim in 1929 , the uncovering of burial mounds from the Hallstatt period in Groß-Weilerholz near Triensbach in 1934 and other excavations in 1939. From 1934 he was a member of the NSDAP , whereby its entry had been backdated to the spring of 1933. Even if the reason for this was to prevent the NSDAP from bringing his country education home into line, and in the spring of 1933 he still housed the pacifist and writer Magnus Schwantje, who had fled Berlin , that does not change the fact that he settled in the late 30s Years became more and more a convinced Nazi.

In 1934, Wunder achieved the conversion of the Faller's sawmill in Michelbach, with the help of the community, into a gym, which was shared by the local gymnastics club and the local school. In 1935 the co-education was ended. In 1940 the equivalence of the school with higher state schools was recognized, at the same time Wunder was able to achieve the expansion of the attic of the castle and thus an increase in classrooms and student rooms. In the war years the school was occupied by up to 100 students. Schools continued until 1945 and came to a standstill in the last weeks of the war. His son Robert, who was to be his successor in the Landerziehungsheim, died in 1943.

The rooms in Schloss Michelbach were used in the post-war period to accommodate displaced persons who had been abducted by the leadership of the Third Reich.

After the end of the war, Wunder held the post of acting mayor of Michelbach for a long time and died in 1949. However, he apparently remained true to the Nazi ideology beyond the end of the war: “It is difficult to understand that an intellectual like Wunder was still in 1949 like many others at the time Germans found a lot of good things about fascism. "

Publications (selection)

  • Memories of Hermann Lietz. His relationship to blood, soil and church. In: private school and private teacher. Volume 41, Issue 5/6 (May / June 1941)

literature

  • Peter Dudek : Trial field for a new youth - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 .
  • Bernd Wunder : In the fight against the authoritarian school - the reform pedagogue Ludwig Wunder (1878–1949): a representative of the rural education home movement between H. Lietz, G. Kerschensteiner and L Nelson ; Publishing house Dr. Kovač , Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8300-3465-0 .
  • Giszlen Sedlaczek: History of the vegetarian country education home Schloss Michelbach an der Bilz. In: Michelbach an der Bilz. Contributions to the past and present. Michelbach an der Bilz 1980, pp. 310–327.
  • Inge Hansen-Schaberg : Minna Specht - A Socialist in the Rural Education Movement (1918 to 1951). Research into the educational biography of a reform pedagogue. Studies on educational reform, 22. Frankfurt 1992.

Web links

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  1. ^ Biography of Ludwig Wunder in the regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LEO-BW)
  2. ^ Contents of the book by Bernd Wunder about Ludwig Wunder
  3. ↑ Peter Dudek, p. 108.
  4. ^ Heinrich Kupffer: Gustav Wyneken. Ernst Klett, Stuttgart 1970, p. 52ff.
  5. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 312.
  6. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 312.
  7. ↑ Peter Dudek: Test field for a new youth: The free school community Wickersdorf. P. 102.
  8. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 312.
  9. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 312.
  10. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 312. The history of this separation is dealt with in more detail by Inge Hansen-Schaberg: Minna Specht - A Socialist in the Landerziehungsheim Movement (1918 to 1951). , Pp. 41-43. Their reasoning suggests that two strong characters, Wunder and Nelson, haven't found a way to work together on a day-to-day basis. On the other hand, according to Minna Specht, to whom Hansen-Schaberg refers, Wunder should have left all his belongings behind when he left and left the school without major arguments. This assumption is also represented in the biography of Ludwig Wunder in the regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LEO-BW) .
  11. ↑ The first names Claire or Klara are used alternately.
  12. ^ Biography of Ludwig Wunder in the regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LEO-BW) . There are many references in the literature to the fact that Wunder founded a country school home in Herrlingen. One could also succumb to this error if one read only the short biography preceding the actual biography in LEO-BW, which also says: "1925 founding of the Herrlingen Landerziehungsheim near Ulm together with Claire Weimersheimer."
  13. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 315.
  14. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 316.
  15. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 317.
  16. ↑ Sedlaczek 1980, p. 323.
  17. ^ Biography of Ludwig Wunder in the regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LEO-BW)
  18. ^ Biography of Ludwig Wunder in the regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LEO-BW)
personal data
SURNAME Miracle, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Reform pedagogue
DATE OF BIRTH May 5, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Run on the Pegnitz
DATE OF DEATH March 7, 1949
Place of death Michelbach an der Bilz