Delabialization
Under Entlabialisierung or unrounding is understood in the phonetics process and outcome of a debate -Wandels by the original means of the front tongue rounded vowels her lip rounding lose.
German and its local languages
In German, the Middle High German umlauts “ö”, “ü” and “eu / äu” are rounded off to “e”, “i” and “ai” in most dialects of Upper and Middle German . Dialects that have evaded the rounding are High Alemannic in Upper German and partly High Alemannic and East Franconian dialects , in Central German the Kölsch ( Ripuarian ). In the Low German- speaking area, rounding occurs or only occurred in the Low Prussian dialect . In combination with other phonetic laws , a diphthong could arise from this , especially in Bavarian and Swabian , but also in Palatinate , Yiddish , Luxembourgish and Transylvanian-Saxon .
Examples include Sche (e) n, schean, schin (g) for "beautiful", ble (e) d, blead for "stupid", Esterraich for "Austria", griin / grean for "green", Schliss (e) l for "key", Lait for "people". The fact that the written German language, in view of the rounding that has largely been carried out in the spoken (dialectal) language, does not understand this is therefore to be seen as an extremely conservative trait.
English
In English , from the transition from Old English to Middle English, there was a rounding off from / œ / and / øː / to / ɛ / and / eː / and later from / ʏ / and / yː / to / ɪ / and / iː /. In later language levels, these sounds have developed further, whereby the Middle English sounds can often still be read in the spelling. Examples are feet, minster, mice, cf. German "feet", "minster", "mice".
Special case
The pronunciation of the Greek Y as "i" is not a rounding in the actual sense. This corresponds to the pronunciation in modern Greek , which developed as early as the 3rd century AD (so-called Itazism in the development of the Greek language.)
In standard German, however, the anachronistic tendency has set in since the epoch of classicism to pronounce the Ypsilon again as "ü", for example [zʏsˈtʰeːm] instead of [zɪsˈtʰeːm] for system . This is a special development of New High German; other main European languages such as Italian or French have stayed with “i”, with the exception of Finnish .
literature
- Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexicon Language . 4th edition; Verlag JB Metzler, Stuttgart and Weimar 2010, ISBN 3-476-02335-4 .
- Peter Wiesinger : Rounding and de-rounding, palatalization and de-palatalization, velarization and de-velarization in the German dialects. In: Dialectology. A manual for German and general dialect research. Edited by Werner Besch, Ulrich Knoop, Wolfgang Putschke, Herbert Ernst Wiegand. 2 half volumes. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1982. 1983 (Handbooks for Language and Communication Studies, Vol. 1.1. And 1.2), pp. 1101–1110 (with map 58.1). ISBN 9783110203332 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ For details see Peter Wiesinger (1983), see chapter Literature .