Regensberg feud

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Regensberg feud
The reign of Regensberg is located in the north-western part of today's Zurich canton.  It came to Zurich as a pledge in 1409 and finally in 1417.
The reign of Regensberg is located in the north-western part of today's Zurich canton. It came to Zurich as a pledge in 1409 and finally in 1417.
date 1267 to 1268
place Canton Zurich
output Victory of Zurich and Habsburg
Parties to the conflict

Zurich-coat of arms.svg City of Zurich, county of Habsburg
Coat of arms of the archduchy of Austria.svg

Coat of arms Regensberg.svgFreiherrschaft Regensberg County ToggenburgCoat of arms Toggenburger2.svg

Commander

Coat of arms of the archduchy of Austria.svgCount Rudolf von Habsburg

Coat of arms Regensberg.svgUlrich von Regensberg
Coat of arms Regensberg.svgLütold VI. von Regensberg
Coat of arms Toggenburger2.svgDiethelm IV of Toggenburg


The Regensberg feud was a war between Rudolf von Habsburg and the city of Zurich, allied with Habsburg, against the barons of Regensberg . Flow, reasons and established historical facts of probably 1267 / 1268 escalating small war are to elicit little more today.

Barons of Regensberg

Probably the ancestor comes the sex of the Barons of Regensberg from the room Mömpelgard / Mâcon ( Burgundy ), and the headquarters was 1040 by Baron Lütold of Affoltern with the Altburg at the present border between the city of Zurich and Regensdorf , near the cat lake founded, .

The Regensbergs were a powerful family in the greater area of ​​today's Swiss canton of Zurich with extensive possessions by the standards of the time: Some of their foundations include the Fahr Monastery and Rüti Monastery , the castle town of Regensberg (1302 to Habsburg), Grüningen (1269 to Habsburg), Glanzenberg (1301 to the convent Fahr) and the at Rhein preferred Kaiser chair (1294 to Archbishopric Konstanz addition) and float, including castles and churches, beyond the limits of present-day canton of Zurich.

Causes of the Regensberg feud

It can be assumed that after the death of Baron Lütold V. von Regensberg and the division of the estate to his two sons Ulrich and Lütold VI. the Regensberg feud broke out and reached its climax in the years 1267/1268, which has not been documented. On the one hand, as a power struggle for the extensive legacy that reached its greatest extent in the middle of the 13th century with the foundation of the castle and town of Regensberg.

On the other hand, it is relatively certain that the expanding city ​​of Zurich had to feel increasingly threatened by the strategic re-establishment of Regensberg castles and towns in its direct sphere of influence and that the Zurich residents' trade relations were made more difficult:

In the south-west, the Regensberg possessions of Burg Uetliburg and Burg Friesenberg as well as, presumably, Burg Baldern dominated the access to the city of Zurich on the left bank of the lake, into the Säuliamt and central Switzerland and the Sihl valley . In the west of the city of Zurich situated Limmattal the castle town controlled Glanzberg vessel traffic on the Limmat River and the road to Baden . The castles Alt-Regensberg and Neu-Regensberg dominated the north-west towards Winterthur , Schaffhausen and the Zurich Oberland , and the right bank of Lake Zurich was dominated by Wulp Castle above Küsnacht . Zurich was "like a fish in the net", is said to have once boasted Lütold IV von Regensberg.

The city of Zurich now had the choice to place itself under the “protection” of the Regensbergers - but Lütold is supposed to tell the Zurich council with the words “I do not want to be your patron; submit to me, I want to rule you graciously! " rejected - or to find allies against the Regensbergers.

Also historically documented is the inheritance dispute from 1264 over the considerable estate of the extinct Counts of Kyburg , in the course of which Count Rudolf von Habsburg was able to consolidate his territorial claims with the decline of the Regensbergs from 1268.

Alliance between the city of Zurich and Habsburg

An alliance between the city of Zurich and the House of Habsburg against the Regensbergers was therefore inevitable. The opponents of the Habsburg feud were Rudolf von Habsburg and the city of Zurich on the one hand, against at least one (Ulrich) or both sons and heirs of Lütold V.

Probable course of the feud in the years 1267 and 1268

Again, it is not documented whether the Habsburgs, with the support of Zurich troops, took the Utznaberg fortress of the Count of Toggenburg, allied with Regensberg, in mid-1267 and, again together, the Wulp Castle near Küsnacht in May 1268 . At least the destruction of Wulp Castle can be doubted due to archaeological excavations.

Next, the Uetliburg and the small town of Glanzenberg are said to have been destroyed with lists of wars from the Zurich and Habsburgs, which is historically not considered certain, and excavation results also cast doubt on this. It is still unclear whether Baldern Castle belonged to the Regensbergers, or whether it was actually destroyed by Habsburg-Zurich troops, as mentioned in the legend "by the cunning Habsburgs".

There is also no clear evidence as to whether the other Regensberg castles of Friesenberg and Alt-Lägern , located in the immediate vicinity of the city of Zurich, were destroyed in the years 1267/1268 .

So far it has been assumed that none of the field battles between knights common in the High Middle Ages were fought during the Regensberg feud . This guerrilla war was probably characterized by skirmishes and lists of wars , as described in the saga "About the cunning Habsburg", with in particular accompanying political maneuvers by Count Rudolf von Habsburg in areas ruled by Regensberg and among noble families allied with the Regensbergers.

The Zurich knight Rudolf Mülner Count Rudolf von Habsburg is said to have saved the life during a “cavalry fight” , for which his descendants received Friesenberg Castle and the associated goods from the Habsburgs entitled “for services rendered”: the donation of the Friesenburg and associated goods from Habsburg to the knight family Mülner is considered secured, but it was documented only in 1344.

Fall of the barons of Regensberg from 1268

The Zürichgau in the Stumpf'schen Chronik of 1547/48
Grave slab of Baron Ulrich von Regensberg

The Einsiedeln monastery archive explains in the abbots' book of professions the serious change in the balance of power in the Zurichgau at the end of the 13th century and also goes into more detail about the decline of the barons of Regensberg:

«... Of great importance for the further history of the monastery was that under this abbot [Heinrich II. Von Güttingen ] the bailiwick passed over the church to the Habsburgs. The ... young Count von Rapperswil died on January 15, 1283. Since his sister ( Elisabeth von Rapperswil ) resp. whose husband, Ludwig von Homberg, did not lose the fiefdom, the abbot transferred it to his own brother, Rudolf von Güttingen.
However, King Rudolf did not agree with this, because the acquisition of this bailiwick fit perfectly with his plans with which he carried himself towards the Waldstätten . He therefore had the fiefs, which in and of themselves could only inherit in the male line, move in through Wetzel, the mayor of Winterthur , in the hands of the king. Rudolf von Güttingen received a sum of money. But now the Hornberger did not want to miss the fiefdom. Therefore a great dispute arose between him and the king, from which the monastery also suffered, which was even attacked by the mayor of Winterthur, Dietrich. He therefore contracted the excommunication ...
But when Count Ludwig von Homberg died on April 27, 1289, the king transferred the Stäfa, Erlenbach, Pfäffikon and Wollerau farms to his widow Elisabeth's request, as well as the Pfäfer farms at Männedorf and Tuggen. The other courts and the bailiwick remained with the dukes of Austria.
This transfer of the bailiwick to the Habsburgs had the most far-reaching consequences for the monastery; because when the fairytale controversy revived around this time , it took on completely new forms ... In the monastery, the Schwyz wanted above all to meet its governors, the Habsburgs.
... In general, Abbot Heinrich was very worried about the property entrusted to him. Countess Elisabeth von Homberg-Rapperswil raised claims to the farms in Brütten and Finstersee , but waived her claims on November 20, 1293 ...
Ulrich I von Neu-Regensberg , whose family was on the verge of financial ruin, sold it to his uncle , Bishop Rudolf von Konstanz , for 200 marks ; the son, Lütold VIII. bought it back for the same amount. The same Lütold sold a farm in Obersteinmauer to Fahr Monastery . It was around this time that Fahr's court rights were probably written down, although only a copy from 1660 has survived. Abbot Heinrich obtained a letter of indulgence from two archbishops and ten bishops who were at the papal court in Rieti in 1288 for the St. Gangulph chapel ... »

From 1268 on, the political and economic decline of the once powerful barons of Regensberg is considered certain, and as early as 1269 the Regensberg Grüningen sold one of their most valuable possessions to the Habsburgs. In 1302, the new family castle, built in 1244/48, including the town of Regensberg, which was “modern” for the time, was sold to Habsburg. In 1409 the Habsburg regent of Upper Austria and Tyrol, Duke Friedrich, "with the empty pocket" pledged Regensberg to Zurich. In 1417 Regensberg passed completely to the city of Zurich. Regensberg was first organized with the more than thirteen surrounding communities as an upper bailiwick, and later as a bailiff. As a result, Zurich gained enormous ownership and influence in what is now the western part of the canton.

Individual evidence

  1. Source: «Legends of the Canton of St. Gallen»
  2. Source: «Zürcher Chronik»
  3. Press release of the local museum Küsnacht ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ortsmuseum-kuesnacht.ch
  4. Source: Einsiedeln monastery archive Professbuch: Abbots, 20. Heinrich II. Von Güttingen

literature

Web links