Eglisau Castle

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Town and Eglisau Castle from the west

The Eglisau Castle was a castle on the territory of the municipality of Eglisau in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland . It goes back to a medieval castle and was largely demolished in the 19th century. The castle barn and the moat with bridge have been preserved. The remains are classified together with the town of Eglisau as a cultural asset of regional importance and are under monument protection .

Eglisau Castle in 1800, with the destroyed Rhine bridge in the background
Eglisau Castle in 1840 after the demolition of the New Castle
The castle barn that has been preserved to this day
The massive brickwork on the west side of the castle barn
The preserved arch of the bridge over the former outer moat
The offset castle fountain at the end of Lochmühlestrasse

location

The castle was built directly on the left bank of the Rhine , opposite the town of Eglisau, on a Molasse rock spur . Presumably it was built on the foundations and with materials from an earlier Roman watchtower . Due to its location, it served to control both the bridge crossing and the waterway. The south of the building located Rheinhalde was thanks to the 40 meter high donjon be overlooked.

history

In the second half of the 11th century , the Counts of Kyburg-Dillingen built a keep. Later the castle passed to the barons of Tengen , who in 1268 built a residential tower north of the keep, which was called the Ritterhaus . In the course of time various farm buildings were also built.

In the late Middle Ages , the so-called New Palace , a long building in Gothic style with a cross-shaped floor plan, was added parallel to the Rhine . This contained not only heated living rooms and a kitchen, but also representative state rooms, a bathing room and a castle chapel . The road to Eglisau led from the south over a stone arch bridge over the outer moat to the gatehouse of the palace complex, to which the old customs house was built. Then you crossed the outer courtyard and then a dark tunnel that led under the New Palace to the old Rhine bridge .

In 1463 the castle was sold together with the entire Eglisau lordship to the city of Zurich , which sold it on the same day to Baron Bernhard Gradner from Styria . In 1496 it went back to the city of Zurich, which from then on used the castle as the seat of the Zurich bailiffs . In 1789, Salomon Landolt, the last bailiff, had to resign. Then the New Castle was demolished in 1810/1811 , the keep and the knight's house in 1841/1842 and finally the customs house in 1852 . The castle barn and the stone arch bridge leading over the outer moat have been preserved to this day.

From the massive, meter-thick masonry on the west side of the castle barn, it can still be seen today that this building, located outside the moat, also belonged to the fortification. The castle fountain made of Mägenwil lime , in which the governors are said to have once kept trout, has also been preserved. It was originally located in the courtyard and is now at the building of the Eglisau Pontonier-Fahrverein, at the end of Lochmühlestrasse. The excavated humpback blocks of the castle made of tufa stone, with which retaining walls were built in Eglisau, can also be counted among the preserved remains . The castle's inventory was auctioned off to dealers and enthusiasts. In 1950 the Swiss National Museum in the USA succeeded in acquiring a coat of arms that originally came from Eglisau Castle. A copy of it can be viewed in the Weierbachhaus . The Lochmühle located next to the castle barn, which has also been preserved to this day, has been in private ownership since 1683 and is therefore no longer counted among the farm buildings of the former castle.

literature

  • Hermann Brassel: Eglisau . (= Swiss homeland books . Volume 129). Paul Haupt Publishing House , Bern 1966.
  • Hermann Fietz: The art monuments of the canton of Zurich. Volume II: The districts of Bülach, Dielsdorf, Hinwil, Horgen and Meilen. (= The art monuments of Switzerland . Volume 15). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History . Birkhäuser Verlag , Basel 1943.
  • Rolf Haecky: When the lords of the castle became robbers. In: Zürcher Unterländer . February 9, 2012, p. 3.
  • Franz Lamprecht, Mario König : Eglisau. History of the bridge city on the Rhine . Chronos Verlag , Zurich 1992, ISBN 3-905311-01-1 .
  • Hans Leuthold: Eglisau. Home book for school and home. Publishing house of the Realteachers' Conference of the Canton of Zurich, Zurich 1951.
  • Christian Renfer: Eglisau ZH. (= Swiss art guide . No. 389). Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2002, ISBN 3-85782-389-6 .
  • Albert Wild: On the Zurich Rheine. Paperback for Eglisau and the surrounding area. S. Höhr, Zurich 1883.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Eglisau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Federal Office for Topography : Castle Map of Switzerland - East. Federal Office for Topography, Wabern 2007, ISBN 978-3-302-09802-9 , p. 103.
  2. ↑ B objects ZH 2018 . Canton of Zurich KGS inventory, B objects, status: 1.1.2018 (the changes for 2018 are marked in blue). In: babs.admin.ch / kulturgueterschutz.ch. Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP - Department of Cultural Property Protection, January 1, 2018, accessed on December 31, 2017 (PDF; 473 kB, 17 pages, updated annually, the changes for 2018 are marked in blue).
  3. ^ Franz Lamprecht, Mario König: Eglisau. History of the bridge city on the Rhine. Chronos Verlag, Zurich 1992, ISBN 3-905311-01-1 , pp. 279-280.
  4. ↑ Rolf Haecky: When the lords of the castle became robbers. In: Zürcher Unterländer. February 9, 2012, p. 3.
  5. ^ Franz Lamprecht: Eglisau (municipality). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  6. ^ Franz Lamprecht, Mario König: Eglisau. History of the bridge city on the Rhine. Chronos Verlag, Zurich 1992, ISBN 3-905311-01-1 , pp. 279-280.
  7. ^ Franz Lamprecht, Mario König: Eglisau. History of the bridge city on the Rhine. Chronos Verlag, Zurich 1992, ISBN 3-905311-01-1 , p. 281.
  8. ^ Hermann Fietz: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kantons Zürich, Volume II: The districts of Bülach, Dielsdorf, Hinwil, Horgen and Meilen. (= The art monuments of Switzerland . Volume 15). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 1943, pp. 26-27.
  9. ^ Franz Lamprecht: Eglisau (rule, Vogtei). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  10. ↑ Rolf Haecky: When the lords of the castle became robbers. In: Zürcher Unterländer. February 9, 2012, p. 3.
  11. ^ Directorate of the Public Buildings of the Canton of Zurich (Ed.): Settlement and architectural monuments in the Canton of Zurich. A cultural and historical guide . Verlag Th. Gut & Co., Stäfa 1993, ISBN 3-85717-072-7 , p. 93.
  12. ^ Hans Leuthold: Eglisau. Home book for school and home. Verlag der Reallehrerkonferenz des Kantons Zürich, Zürich 1951, p. 48.
  13. ^ Federal Office for Topography: Castle Map of Switzerland - East . Federal Office for Topography, Wabern 2007, ISBN 978-3-302-09802-9 , p. 103.
  14. ^ Hermann Brassel: Eglisau . (= Swiss homeland books . Volume 129). Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern 1966, pp. 16, 46.
  15. ^ Hans Leuthold: Eglisau. Home book for school and home. Verlag der Reallehrerkonferenz des Kantons Zürich, Zürich 1951, pp. 47–48.
  16. ^ Franz Lamprecht, Mario König: Eglisau. History of the bridge city on the Rhine . Chronos Verlag, Zurich 1992, ISBN 3-905311-01-1 , p. 283.
  17. ^ Christian Renfer: Eglisau ZH. (= Swiss art guide . No. 389). Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2002, ISBN 3-85782-389-6 , p. 32.

Coordinates: 47 ° 34 '26.8 "  N , 8 ° 31' 29.4"  E ; CH1903:  six hundred and eighty-one thousand seven hundred twenty-seven  /  two hundred sixty-nine thousand eight hundred thirty-four