Frauenalb
Frauenalb is a ruined monastery surrounded by a few houses in the upper Alb valley , a little below Bad Herrenalb on the parish of Marxzell in the Karlsruhe district in Baden-Württemberg . Frauenalb was founded shortly before 1185 by the Counts of Eberstein as a noble Benedictine convent.
Not far from the monastery ruins on the monastery path between Frauenalb and Bad Herrenalb , the still valid historical border between Württemberg and Baden is marked with old signs.
Founding legend of the monastery
Count Froben Christoph von Zimmer reported in the so-called Zimmerische Chronik of 1566 about a Count Berthold von Eberstein , who was considered the legendary founder of the Frauenalb monastery. Count von Zimmer wrote of an incident that is said to have happened in 1134 and told of a member of his family, namely Albrecht von Zimmer. He was out and about in Stromberg with other aristocrats and had a "ghostly appearance" there while hunting. Albrecht von Zimmer turned gray on the spot and vowed to build a church. Count Erkinger von Magenheim, who was among the nobles of the hunting party, allowed him to do this on his territory. He added a monastery to the church, and the complex was to be named Frauenzimmern. Count Berthold von Eberstein, who was also staying at Magenheim Castle at the time, showed great sympathy for Albrecht von Zimmer's moving experience. Deeply moved by this, he decided to build a convent as well. From this eventually Frauenalb developed. This founding history, or at least the founding date around 1135, was considered authentic in Frauenalb until the end of the 19th century, even if this was doubted by historians even then.
Frauenalb Monastery
The Freiadelsstift only accepted daughters from noble families. The nuns (up to 30 members of the convent) were often accommodated in Frauenalb when they were young.
Together with his mother Uta, Eberhard III. von Eberstein 1180/85 the Frauenalb monastery, which in 1193 also owned Metzlinschwand and Muggensturm in addition to Schielberg . The Bailiwick came to the Margraves of Baden (1341 Frowen Albe) in the 14th century . In the Gothic monastery built afterwards, a fire broke out in 1508 due to the carelessness of a lay sister, which consumed the abbey and convent with dorment and refectory ; Only the church, rebuilt between 1404 and 1406, and the infirmary remained . The monastery, which was then rebuilt, was robbed during the Peasants' War in 1525 , but soon regained its former prosperity thanks to its extensive property. An inventory from the 16th century shows the extensive monastery property with weaving rooms of the lay sisters, stables, monastery mill, inn and brickworks.
The convent bathing rooms also belonged to the monastery, although according to the rules of the order the canonesses were only allowed to use them two to three times a year. In 1553 the monastery received income from 38 villages on the right and 10 on the left of the Rhine. When Margrave Ernst Friedrich abolished Frauenalb in 1598, the monastery's income from wine alone, especially from Ersingen (northwest of Pforzheim), was 260 ohms (around 39,000 liters).
In 1605 the last nunnery had left the monastery. During the Thirty Years' War , the abbey was again occupied by Benedictine nuns from the aristocratic Ursprunging monastery in 1631 , they had to flee to Lichtental in 1634 and could only return to Frauenalb in 1645.
After the old convent building was demolished in 1696, a new three-story building with a gable facade facing the mountain side was built by Johann Jakob Rischer according to a plan by Franz Beer (both from Vorarlberg) by 1704 . Under the abbess Gertrudis von Ichtrazheim (1715–1755), Peter Thumb (Beer's son-in-law) created a new double-towered monastery church (completed in 1751).
Due to the Peace of Lunéville in 1802 the Freiadelsstift Frauenalb fell to Baden. After the repeal in 1803, the property was auctioned off to a private military hospital in 1813-15 and in 1819. Factories were set up in the buildings, and fires broke out four times (1835, 1844, 1848, 1853); the ventures all failed and in 1853 they left the monastery as burned-out ruins.
Post-history
In the 19th century, Lambert Heinrich von Babo acquired the abbey building and lived here for a while. The coat of arms of the von Babo family above the outer gate, the former house of the abbess, is evidence of this.
From 1936 to 1945, was located next to the monastery ruins in a former hotel Gauführerschule the I NSDAP -Gaus Baden. There were several weeks of training for officials.
In 1960 a »Frauenalb Foundation« was established, which acquired the remains of the building and wants to preserve it.
Sons and daughters
- 1753 , Franz Boos , botanist, director of the k. k. Court gardens
Abbesses of the monastery
- Uta or Utta I. von Eberstein, 1134–?
- Uta or Utta II, 1193
- Gertrud I. von Weingarten,?
- Agnes, 1335
- Elisabeth von Eberstein, 1341–1346
- Margarethe I of Eberstein, † 1404
- Margarethe II Truchsessin von Waldburg , 1404–?
- Elisabeth von Weingarten, † 1414
- Gertrud II. (Erlinda) von Weingarten, 1414 – after 1431
- Margaret III von Weingarten, † 1443
- Agnes von Gertringen, 1443–1474
- Margarethe IV. Von Weingarten, 1474–1495
- Margarethe V. von Zorn , 1495–1502
- Margaret VI von Hoheneck- Enzberg , 1502–1507
- Scholastika Göler of Ravensburg , 1507–1537 (sister of the Speyer canon David Göler of Ravensburg )
- Catherine I of Remchingen , 1537–1550
- Catherine II of Wittstatt (called Hagenbachin), 1550–1554
- Catherine III von Bettendorf , 1554–1573
- Paula von Weitershausen , 1574–1597, † 1609
- 1598–1629 repealed by the Protestant margrave Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach
- 1629-1631 Sedis vacancy
- Johanna Maria von Mandach, 1631–1642
- Maria Margarethe von Greith, 1642–168 (bell with her name Sulzbach, parish church)
- Maria Salome von Breitenlandenberg , 1684–1715 (grave at Metzlinschwander Hof )
- Maria Gertrud von Ichtersheim or Ichtratzheim , 1715–1761
- Maria Abundantia von Stotzing , 1761–1775
- Marie Antonie von Beroldingen, 1775–1793
- Maria Victoria Thekla von Wrede, 1793–1803
- 1803 secularization, taken over by Baden
literature
- Ottmar Friedrich Heinrich Schönhuth: The castles, monasteries, churches and chapels of Baden and the Palatinate , Volume 1, 1862, pp. 293-298; Scan of the section over Frauenalb Monastery, with naming of the abbesses
- Moritz Gmelin (arrangement): Documents, registers and evidence on the history of the Frauenalb monastery . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 23 (1871), pp. 263–342, esp. Pp. 272–274 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
- Moritz Gmelin (arrangement): Document archive of the Frauenalb monastery. Specialia . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 24 (1872), pp. 104–112 ( Google Books ); 25 (1873), pp. 88-90 and 321-388 ( Google Books ), esp. Pp. 352f; 26 (1874), pp. 445-468 ( digitized version in the Internet Archive); 27 (1875), pp. 56-95 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
- Gebhard Axtmann: Local family book Schielberg and Frauenalb 1726–1900 . Marxzell: Municipality of Marxzell 2011 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 148)
Web links
- Freiadliges Damen-Stift Frauenalb in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
- District Office Karlsruhe (ed.): Frauenalb - Foray through 800 years of history - An exhibition in the District Office Karlsruhe . Karlsruhe 2008 ( landkreis-karlsruhe.de [PDF; 7.0 MB ]).
Individual evidence
- ↑ monastery path
- ↑ Kreisarchiv Karlsruhe (ed.): "Frauenalb. A journey through 800 years of history. ”Verlag regionalkultur. Ubstadt-Weiher 2008. p. 9.
- ↑ Frauenalb - Foray through 800 years of history
- ^ Sales letter dated April 23, 1335
- ^ Moritz Gmelin (arrangement): Document archive of the Frauenalb monastery. Specialia (for details see section literature). In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 27 (1875) pp. 61–64, section singing, digitized in the Internet archive
- ↑ German Bell Atlas (Baden) 549 f. No. 1761
- ^ Max Wilberg: Regent tables. 1906
Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ′ 2.4 ″ N , 8 ° 26 ′ 27.7 ″ E