Paula von Weitershausen

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Paula von Weitershausen or Wittershausen called Reichwein (* 1539 probably at Bromberg Castle or in Zwiefalten ; † January 1, 1609 in Pforzheim ) was the last abbess of the free aristocratic Frauenalb women's monastery from 1574 to 1598 before it was abolished by the margraviate of Baden-Durlach , who with derelict monastic discipline was established.

Life

Paula von Weitershausen came from the Lower noble family Weitershausen that originated in the Hessian Weitershausen at Marburg had and was a daughter of the Duke of Württemberg forester Ulrich von Weitershausen called (Wittershausen) Richwin (* 1495, † 1560) and Anna Lembler († 1576 ) from Horkheim .

→ For further ancestors see the article about her brother Bastian von Weitershausen .

Abbess of Frauenalb

Frauenalb monastery ruins, remains of the cloister

Paula von Weitershausen probably came to the Frauenalb women's monastery as a child, where the nuns lived according to the Benedictine rule. On January 29, 1574, she was elected abbess to succeed Katharina von Bettendorf († 1573). Her older sister Katharina (* 1535; † 1609/24) was also the prioress of the monastery.

Secular patronage ( Vogtei ) over the Frauenalb Abbey, which belongs to the Speyer diocese , was jointly exercised by the Margraviate of Baden-Baden and the County of Eberstein . While Count Wilhelm IV of Eberstein introduced the Reformation in his domain in 1556, the Margraves of Baden-Baden initially remained Catholic. There was no change of denomination in Stift Frauenalb.

The women ministers in the reign of the abbess, who were each confirmed by the Baden chancellery, were

  • 1543 to 1579 Christoph Rothfuß († 1579) - during his period of service Jakob Sieber was monastery clerk from 1572 to 1579 -,
  • 1579 to 1591 Jakob Sieber - during this time (1587) Peter Möglin was the clerk -,
  • 1591 to 1595 Christoph Hess (Höß) and
  • 1595 to 1598 Johann Moll.

In frauenalbischen main town Ersingen , Jakob Sieber (1586), Ulrich Kaspar (1586-1587), Peter poss officiated as mayor Martin Würsch (1575, 1577) (from 1587), Wilhelm Minßinger (Münsinger) of friends, Deck (1593) and Bartlin Volmar ( 1596, 1604). The seat of the Baden-Baden office responsible for the condominium was Ettlingen .

In the monastery, 60 to 70 people were fed daily, including the craftsmen. The monastery included the monastery church, convent house, dormitory , abbey, office building, clerk's chamber, game rifle chamber, summer house, cellar, cooperage, sexton's shop, confessional, blacksmith shop, wagon shop, carpenter's shop, shoemaker's shop, cattle house, stables, inn, infirmary and mill. Among other things, 3000 Malter fruit were collected each year and 26 loads of wine were drunk; the cost of meals could not always be covered by the current income, so that debts often had to be incurred. Paula von Weitershausen received private income from Weiler, Ersingen, Bilfingen ( Pülfingen ), Pforzheim and Sulzbach.

Witch trials in Ersingen

In 1573, under the old abbess Katharina von Bettendorf, Dorothea Muhlhengin from Ersingen was “half incarcerated in the same place (= ongoing) witchcraft” and “self-evacuated” in prison. Katharina Hildebrand and Margaretha Burckhardt from Ersingen were arrested in 1573 and later burned as alleged witches in Baden-Baden .

In November 1576, a witch trial took place in Ersingen against the local midwife Margaretha Bauerbacher, who was incriminated by the testimony of Margaretha Burckhardt, who was executed in 1574, was held responsible for cattle deaths by the population and was burned on December 1, 1576 in Ettlingen.

In February 1577, “umbrella relatives, mayor court and entire community” of the villages of Ersingen and Bilfingen asked Margrave Philip II of Baden-Baden to free them from the “bad women” who paralyze and kill cattle Caused damage. “Bey government” of Abbess Paula von Wittershausen, who was represented in the court proceedings by Christoph Rothfuß, another witch trial took place in Ersingen: At the request of Johann Conrad Gremp von Freudenstein († 1590), governor of Ettlingen, the lawyer of the secular patron Margrave Philip II., Apollonia Kisel and Anna Weselin, both from Bilfingen, were sentenced to death by fire on May 17, 1577 for “devilish magic because of” , “so that Jr peen, and shameful death, male ain example and likeness would be, in front of such things, more deufflated and magical ones, also to guard other ills ”. Judges of the embarrassing neck court were Franz Weißbrot, Schultheiss zu Ettlingen, and 12 lay judges from Ersingen and Bilfingen. In Ersingen the field names Hexenbäumle and Hexenbusch reflect the memory of the witch burnings.

In 1577, the abbess successfully campaigned for the mild punishment of a poacher who was caught and imprisoned in Pforzheim, who was the mayor of the village of Schielberg Lorenz Kuhn (Cuon), with Margravine Anna von Pfalz-Veldenz , who ruled Baden-Durlach as a guardian. acted. Paula von Weitershausen asked the Baden-Baden chancellery in 1579 to appoint their clerk Jakob Sieber, who had served the monastery loyally for seven years, as the new bailiff.

Dispute over the parish rate in Ersingen

In 1584 Pastor Wolfgang Winckler, who had served the Lord's Supper in both forms, was expelled from the parish of Ersingen and Bilfingen, for which she held the collage , at the request of the abbess . Paula von Weitershausen had, according to her own statement, "never read the Bible ... because it belongs to one person, it is useful to another, who does not know how to act in harmony". The abbess initially accepted Magister Matthäus Meier, previously chaplain to Ettlingen, as pastor, but then had to install Johann Bosch at the request of the Baden-Baden law firm. The Vicar General Beatus Moses († after 1625) from Speyer commissioned the dean of Rotenfels Johann Vermius († after 1592) to ensure, under threat of excommunication , that the abbess deposed the newly appointed priest Johann Bosch and Winckler restored the pastorate.

According to a communication from Hieronymus Walch (1589–1671), a certain "Paul von Wittershausen, Amptmann zu Frauenalb" is said to have successfully cured in Liebenzell in 1584 and left a coat of arms. Since the inscription must have been incorrectly reproduced, the note indicates that the abbess was taking a cure.

In 1586, the abbess urged Jakob Sieber, the bailiff, to submit accounts on various occasions, but he did not follow the instructions. The women Albanian subjects in Pfaffenrot, Schielberg, Burbach (today districts of Marxzell ) and Völkersbach complained this year to the two patrons of the monastery that they were denied the allowance due to their village willows of 1539 and 1540 for their service .

Several times (1587, 1588, 1590) Paula von Weitershausen asked the Margraviate of Baden-Baden and the County of Eberstein to approve their annual accounts for the past years, but apparently without success. She complained in 1587 about infidelity in collecting estimate and Umgeld of Ersinger mayor Ulrich Caspar, who was arrested then. In 1590/91 the abbess complained about the “faithless myydigenous” host master and cellar of the monastery, who was a “haughty fellow”, and asked the Baden-Baden chancellor and the councilors to dismiss him.

In 1591 Paula von Weitershausen asked the Margrave Eduard Fortunat of Baden-Baden to dismiss the bailiff Jakob Sieber at his own request to accept his last annual bill and Christoph Hess, the previous Speyer mayor and customs clerk of Rheinhausen , who was “also our good Catholl religion “Was to be appointed as the new bailiff.

Visitation by the Bishop of Speyer

In 1593, an advertisement from the conventual Elisabetha Hund von Saulheim (* before 1535, † after 1609) initiated a visit to the monastery. (Anna) Elisabetha and her sister Margaretha Hund von Saulheim († 1617), who had also lived in Frauenalb Abbey since 1579, were daughters of the Luxembourg bailiff of St. Remich , Friederich II. Hund von Saulheim († 1560) and his first wife Anna from Oberstein . They came from an influential church family. The brother Wilhelm († 1632) was canon in Mainz and Speyer, later custodian at St. Viktor's monastery in front of Mainz and became vicar general in Mainz in 1600 . Her brother Eberhard Hund von Saulheim was married to Anna Amalia von Dienheim from the family of the Speyer bishop. Johann Friedrich Hund von Saulheim , German Johanniter Grand Prior and Imperial Prince von Heitersheim from 1612 until his death in 1635 , was her half-brother. The influential Speyer cathedral dean Andreas von Oberstein was her mother's half-brother. Elisabetha's nephew 2nd degree Philipp von Rodenstein became Bishop of Worms in 1595 .

Margaretha Hund von Saulheim had the Benedictine monk Marx (Markus) von Malburg ( Malburgensis ) - who is also known as "Pfaff zu Edenheim ( Idenheim ?, Edesheim ?)" - and the conventual Anna Maria von Kirchberg (* 1570) at the beginning of 1593 in one intimate situation observed. Marx from the Benedictine abbey Mettlach ( Mediolacus ) near Trier was the successor of the deceased "zu Rotenfelß" from 1588 confessor of the monastery; In 1591 he was appointed for life. Some time before, Elisabetha Hund von Saulheim had fallen out because of a planned internal visit with the abbess, because "she could no longer see disregement". With the help of the bailiff Christoph Hess, Elisabetha Hund von Saulheim wrote to her uncle dean from Oberstein to Speyer and reported Marx for fornication with Anna Maria von Kirchberg.

The Speyer Bishop Eberhard von Dienheim informed the father of the accused nun, who believed the allegations and tried to "frighten Margaretha Hund von Saulheim, who persisted in her presentation, that she should not say what she ... saw". Anna Maria von Kirchberg was a daughter of the Bavarian Colonel Georg [Wolfgang] Kirchberger the Elder. J. († 1598) zu Kirchberg am Wagram and (⚭ 1570) Susanna von Lindenfels She received a monastery sentence .

During the last Speyer visit to Frauenalb, which was carried out afterwards, it was found that the nuns had lived "vastly ugly and angry". Marx was taken by the Speyer Chancellor and Vicarius - probably Beatus Moses -, the episcopal councilor Wolfgang Ludwig Reichlin von Meldegg ("Reuchlin") and Christoph Hess on the occasion of a trip to a daily statute in Baden-Baden to Speyer and sat there until shortly before Easter 1593 six or seven weeks in prison from which he was able to escape. The abbess sent him to Heilbronn, fearing that he would set fire to the monastery, 50 guilders outstanding wages and personal effects; he then moved to northern Germany. A good year later, at the end of 1594 or beginning of 1595, Paula von Weitershausen traveled to Speyer with the conventual Anna von Hattstein and was questioned by the bishop for half an hour on this matter.

Baden-Durlach takes over half of the bailiwick

In 1594, the Protestant margrave Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach occupied the heavily indebted margraviate Baden-Baden of his Catholic cousin Eduard Fortunat von Baden (so-called "Upper Baden occupation") and subsequently assumed half the patronage (Vogtei) of the Frauenalb monastery. Abbess Paula von Weitershausen and the convent immediately sought confirmation from the Reichshofrat to confirm the privileges of the monastery, which were granted by Emperor Rudolph II . The Catholic bailiff Christoph Hess was dismissed by Margrave Ernst Friedrich in 1595 and replaced by Johann Moll († after 1605). Hess returned to Speyer.

Hattstein affair

The journeyman carpenter and organ builder Hans, who built a new positive organ in the monastery together with his colleague Hänslin in 1597, often asked the young nuns to bring him wine and was observed by Elisabeth Hund von Saulheim. He impregnated the conventual Anna von Hattstein, who was suspected of having unsuccessfully attempted an abortion and was sentenced to a monastery sentence in Advent 1597. It turned out that - which she had not yet revealed - she had previously been a member of another order and had already given birth to two children in Mainz . The carpenter who was accused of Polygamia was able to leave the monastery unmolested.

At about the same time, the monastery cooper Veltin Maischle, who was accused of irregularities, was arrested. After various reports and complaints, the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach and the County of Eberstein agreed on a “Special Inquisition” (special investigation) of the events in the monastery. At that time the convent consisted of nine conventuals, three novices and a few lay sisters. The abbess was summoned to Baden-Baden for a meeting with Margrave Ernst Friedrich and his wife Anna of East Frisia (1562–1621).

A reverse letter from the new patrons arrived in the monastery , in which the cassation (repeal) of the previous monastery order was announced. The monastery was forbidden from selling real estate, accounting was required for all valid letters, pensions, income and goods, and the patrons expressly reserved jurisdiction. A visit to the monastery was announced.

Anna von Hattstein was now threatened with a lawsuit, she expressed suicidal thoughts. Elisabeth Hund von Saulheim informed the Speyer bishop by letter about the Baden-Eberstein visit with the knowledge of conventuals, abbess and prioress and asked for help. She wrote the letter under the name of the lay sister N. Reichlin von Meldegg ("Reuchlin"), who did not know how to write, it was copied by the servant Escher and given the abbess's seal. The incumbent pastor of Ersingen Martin Falch also informed the diocese through Vicar General Beatus Moses.

The Speyer Episcopal Councilor Wolfgang Ludwig Reichlin von Meldegg, who had been married to Maria Jakobe von Hattstein († after 1598) since 1591, sent the nuns a letter in which he announced that the former bailiff Christoph Hess would pick up Anna von Hattstein. Reichlin had suggested Anna von Hattstein himself to the monastery, presumably she was his sister-in-law. At the beginning of 1598 she fled via Zell , where the former bailiff Hess picked her up - probably with the knowledge of the Speyer bishop - to her sister and had a third child. After the departure of the Hattstein, Elisabetha Hund von Saulheim wrote another letter to Hess with instructions on how to testify when questioned by margravial officials.

On December 4, 1597 Conrad Strobel was appointed by Vicar General Beatus Moses instead of the Franciscan Guardian of Fremersberg Ulrich Monastery , because he was "somewhat necessary and careless with confession" and sometimes "let the confessional go out" as the new confessor of the monastery ordered.

Visitation by the condominium owners Baden-Durlach and Eberstein

Shortly before Christmas 1597 , the cloister Veltin Maischle was interrogated in the Frauenalber town hall in the presence of licentiate Nikolaus Böringer, then bailiff of Ettlingen. On New Year's Day 1598, Paula von Weitershausen had documents from the monastery and letters of validity for 9399 guilders brought by the Ersinger mayor Bartlin Volmar to her "cousins" outside the country in the Württemberg Neuenbürg . On January 17th, Jul. / January 27,  1598 greg. the abbess was officially interrogated by envoys from Baden-Durlach and Eberstein.

The abbess and the prioress were then summoned to Durlach ; Before starting the journey, Paula von Weitershausen had letters from the bishop and mayor Bartlin Volmar burned that had been addressed to her. In Durlach, Paula and Katharina von Weitershausen as well as pastor Martin Falch, who had also been summoned, were placed under arrest . There they were between January 24th jul. / February 3,  1598 greg. and February 13th jul. / February 23,  1598 greg. several "amicable", d. that is, subjected to interrogation without the use or threat of torture. The investigative commission included Margrave Ernst Friedrich, who also asked a few questions personally, Count Philipp III. von Eberstein (* around 1570; † 1609), Lorenz von Rixleben, the Obervogt zu Durlach, the margravial Baden councilor and Chancellor Lic. Nikolaus Böringer, the Baden clerical secretary Jakob Manner, Georg Norsch († after 1615), imperial notary in Durlach , and the Baden governor Wilhelm Peblis (1550–1616). While the majority of the interrogation protocols are written in German, some offensive statements were only recorded in Latin .

Paula von Weitershausen and her sister were accused of disregarding their secular authorities by the investigative commission. The abbess had taken Anna von Hattstein “the hern from the nose” in exchange for an explicit lapel and inadmissibly withdrew documents. The abbess's financial transactions were carefully examined to determine whether there was a possible infidelity or whether the church was stolen.

More allegations

Courtyard view of Karlsburg, 1652

During the interrogations in Karlsburg Palace , other incidents were addressed and investigated in addition to the allegations already known from the past few years.

Abbess Paula von Weitershausen had started a relationship with the monastery clerk Jakob Siber around 1577 when she was 38 years old and ended it when rumors arose about it. She wants to keep her virginity “ob metum Conceptionis (= for fear of pregnancy)”. Siber married when he became a bailiff.

Martin Falch had been confessor of the monastery since St. John's Day in 1578. During interrogation he admitted that he had had intimate relationships with Paula von Weitershausen, but without violating her virginity, "worried that there might be children and that they would be shamed in the world". Around 1586 he injured the abbess in a drunken state in an argument with a blow. Falch then went to Bietigheim and came to Ersingen in 1593 as the successor to Wolfgang Winckler as pastor. He also had intimate relations with Katharina von Weitershausen.

Nuns and novices were for Carnival "in 1587 Mummerey addressed" had "kept Kingdom", hired a blind fiddler and danced with Jakob Siber, Peter Möglin and Caspar Ulrich. The women wore men's trousers made of old linen (“Leilach”), false (“last”) furs and paper skirts, or they tied their skirts up and wore boots (the Bible forbids men’s clothes for women in Deuteronomy 22: 5 EU ).

In 1591, when she was 50 years old, confessor Marx von Malburg once “threw the abbess in bed, and did his will with her”, she thought, “he could do magic”, “she had defended herself against him” . Katharina von Weitershausen also did violence to Marx, saying that she “fought for so long that you gave up, also screamed loudly”, “etiam propter dolorem (= also in pain)”. Both sisters were bleeding after the rapes .

Hilarius († around 1594) “uff Pfriemersberg ”, “a short manlin”, was “not at all old”. After rumors arose that he had a relationship with Anna von Hattstein, he was dismissed as confessor by the abbess. Only then did Anna von Hattstein, who had previously been a secular lay sister, join the order.

The theology student Johann Jakob Genginger (Genckinger) (* around 1575; † before 1637) had a relationship with his cousin Anna Maria von Kirchberg around 1594/95, when some Tübingen faculties were relocated to the Herrenalb convent school because of the plague , who was a daughter of his maternal aunt. She did not get pregnant and was sentenced to a monastery, Genckinger was expelled from the Tübingen monastery in 1595 ( rejected ). A note was found on Anna Maria von Kirchberg's, “in it an art of making a fraw like a young fraw”. She was expelled from the monastery in 1598, but was allowed to take her property with her.

The abbess had a relationship with the monastery cooper, Valentin (Veltin) Meische (Maischle, also Kiefer, Küffer etc.). The cooper and she would have touched and kissed intimately more often, "nec unquam illum petiisse, ut rem veneream secum exerceret (= but not to ask him once that he do the thing concerning Venus with her)". When the cooper broke off his engagement to the sister of the pastor of Marxzell, Paula von Weitershausen gave him 20 guilders. He received a total of almost 800 gulden from her as a gift and the promise that she would “wölle… so that he would not suffer from a lack of life throughout his life”. Veltin Meische, who was also interrogated in Karlsburg Castle in November 1598, confirmed the allegations.

In the interrogations the nurses were questioned intensively for herbs that were considered abortifacient in folk medicine ( wild ginger , Sävenbaum , Mandrake ). The knowledge of an abortative effect of these remedies and their use in the monastery was denied by both. There were also emphatic questions about foundlings or infants found dead.

In Ersingen, the witch hunt continued after the abbess was captured. In the summer of 1598, accusations of sorcery were brought up against Hans Bechthold's wife before mayor Berthlin Volmar; Margrave Ernst Friedrich ordered a thorough investigation.

House arrest and death in Pforzheim

Margrave Ernst Friedrich von Baden abolished the Frauenalb monastery in 1598. Paula von Weitershausen and her sister Katharina were accommodated in the Pforzheim hospital, where the deposed abbess died in 1609. Her death is recorded in the necrology of the Lichtenthal Monastery ("Büren Monastery"). The former prioress Katharina von Weitershausen and most of the other women in the convent spent their twilight years in the Lichtenthal convent near Baden-Baden.

family

Among the siblings of Paula von Weitershausen were Maria Elisabeth von Weitershausen (* around 1530; † 1582), from 1579 until her death abbess of the Protestant women's monastery in Oberstenfeld , and Bastian von Weitershausen called Riegwein (* around 1525/35; † 1587), Court marshal and diplomat in the service of the Landgraviate of Hesse , the Duchy of Württemberg and the Teutonic Order . Her sister Maria Agatha von Weitershausen († 1602) was married to Bernhard III. von Sternfels († 1598) to Kürnbach .

Junker Veit Schöner von Straubenhardt (* around 1520; † 1592) to "Weyler" (Conweiler near Neuenbürg, today part of Straubenhardt ), conductor to Herrenalb, was Paulas von Weitershausen's "brother-in-law". Based on a poem by Nicodemus Frischlin , “Von Wintershausen Bastian / A sincere nobleman / Vnd Veit Schöner von Staubenhart” attended the wedding of Duke Ludwig von Württemberg and Margravine Dorothea Ursula von Baden-Durlach in Stuttgart in 1575 .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Weitershausen on the epitaph of Caspar Schutzbar († 1588) in Treis an der Lumda

Blazon : Divided into black and silver five times obliquely to the left, so that the upper black and lower silver part is larger than the middle parts.

swell

  • Acts of election of abbess Paula von Weitershausen. (Year 1573 and 1574)
  • Embarrassing trial held by the government of the venerable, noble, devout and clergy frawen, frawen Paula von Wittershausen . Addendum 1577 to the village law book for the municipalities of Ersingen and Bilfingen (“ Beyder Dörffern Erssingen unnd Bilffingen Law and Prayer ”), 1569; Kämpfelbach community archive (inventory of the Ersingen community, No. 1496)
  • Letters from Paula von Weitershausen dated July 13, 1577, October 21, 1577, January 12, 1578, June 20, 1579, January 10, 1580, March 30, 1584, September 26, 1584, undated 1587, February 10 1587, March 16, 1587, Judika 1587, undated 1588, April 23, 1588, March 21, 1589, July 29, 1589, August 12, 1589, April 16, 1590, May 5, 1590, July 28, 1590 January 5, 1591, January 10, 1591, January 18, 1591, February 4, 1591, April 14, 1591, April 22, 1591, April 26, 1591, October 4, 1591, November 4, 1592, March 18, 1597 , July 17, 1597, October 17, 1597 and October 18, 1597
  • Paula von Weitershausen: Directory of my abbot against and against the deposed Schultheisen , 1587
  • Excerpt from the interrogation protocol and confession of the vices committed by abbess Paula von Weitershausen. (Year 1598.) (Badische Urkunde ad supplicas per Mand. Num 92.)
  • Amicable interrogations against Frawe Paula and Catherina von Weiterßhausenn Geschwisterich. Aeptissinn vndt Prioress of the Closter Frawenalb in Ao. 1598 .
  • Notarial instruments of the notary Georg Norsch, 1597–1598; Baden-Württemberg State Archive, General State Archive Karlsruhe (holdings 40 Frauenalb, No. 131: digitized version , No. 132: digitized version , No. 133: digitized version , No. 134: digitized version , No. 135: digitized version ; see No. 285 and No. 1385)
  • Conversation of the abbess of the Frauenalb convent Paula von Weitershausen and her sister prioress Katharina von Weitershausen in the Pforzheim hospital and with the Counts of Eberstein and the corresponding deputation , 1598–1608; State Archives Baden-Württemberg, Department General State Archives Karlsruhe (inventory 171 Pforzheim, Office and City, Church Services No. 1385)
  • Moritz Gmelin (arrangement): Documents, registers and evidence on the history of the Frauenalb monastery . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 23 (1871), pp. 263–342, esp. Pp. 272–274 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
  • Moritz Gmelin (arrangement): Document archive of the Frauenalb monastery. Specialia . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 24 (1872), pp. 104–112 ( Google Books ); 25 (1873), pp. 88-90 and 321-388 ( Google Books ), esp. Pp. 352f; 26 (1874), pp. 445-468 ( digitized version in the Internet Archive); 27 (1875), pp. 56-95 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)

literature

  • Most insubordinate supplication… In matters of women, Marggräffin zu Baaden-Baaden, as guardian. Contra women Mariam Gertrudem von Jchtersheim, Abbot… dero… Jungfrauen-Closters Frauenalb, Ordinis S. Benedicti… o .O., 1722 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library)
  • Georg Ernst Ludwig von Preuschen : Most submissive replicae iuncto petito legali in the matter of the ruling Mr. Marggraven zu Baden ... contra presumptuous abbess, prioress and convent of the ... 1631 ... newly founded monastery Frauenalb . Michael Macklot, Karlsruhe 1772 ( Google Books )
  • Georg Ernst Ludwig von Preuschen: The right of the Marggravial House of Baden to the Frauenalb church and its accessories, which was located in the Gravschaft Eberstein, contrary to the state of the decision-making year, re-introduced in 1631 . Michael Macklot, Karlsruhe 1772 ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library); ( Google Books )
  • Georg August Lotthammer: witch trials in Ersingen . In: Georg August Lotthammer (Ed.): Pforzheim's Vorzeit. Representations and stories from the history of Pforzheim and its surroundings , No. 5 and No. 6 from January 31, 1835 and February 7, 1835. Katz, Pforzheim 1835
  • Horst Bartmann: The church politics of the margraves of Baden-Baden in the age of religious struggles (1535-1622) . In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 81 (1961), pp. 3–352
  • Franziska Geiges-Heindl: The Benedictine convent Frauenalb from the beginning to the Reformation . (European university publications III / 145). Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1980 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Gustav Adolf Reiling: witch trials in the Pforzheim district . In: Pforzheimer Geschichtsblätter 5 (1980), pp. 205–210 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Felix Heinzer : Manuscripts and prints of the 15th and 16th centuries from the Benedictine Abbey Frauenalb. A sketch of library history . In: Bibliothek und Wissenschaft 20 (1986), pp. 93–124, esp. Pp. 96–100, online (PDF; 2.9 MB)
  • Werner Baumann: Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach. The importance of religion for the life and politics of a south German prince in the age of the Counter Reformation . (Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg B / 20). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1995, pp. 127-132
  • Bernd Breitkopf: Frauenalb. A journey through 800 years of history . (Contributions to the history of the district of Karlsruhe 7). Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2008

Remarks

  1. ↑ From Gersbach.
  2. ^ Widow of Anton Roth († around 1569), first married to N. Schlägel. "Mühlhang" is used as a field name on various occasions.
  3. ↑ Lorenz Burckhardt's wife, was previously in prison in Ersingen.
  4. ^ Wife of Georg (Jörg) Baurbächer; Georg Bauerbacher (Burbacher) from Ersingen was executed in 1578 for stabbing the landlord's son Hans Baader to death.
  5. ↑ In the secondary literature partly wrong: Christoph von Baden .
  6. ↑ Widow of Laux Kisel.
  7. ↑ Hans Weselin's wife.
  8. ↑ From Schwäbisch Werdt , also mentioned in 1577 as pastor of Ersingen.
  9. ^ Previously pastor in Fautenbach from 1561/62 to 1584 , expelled from the diocese of Basel, pastor in Vimbuch in 1590 .
  10. ↑ Studies in Freiburg, Dr. jur. utr., 1571 to 1602 vicar general of the Speyer diocese, then procurator at the Imperial Court of Justice.
  11. ↑ In the sources he is sometimes referred to as a barefoot monk .
  12. ↑ Married in 1570 as a widow, daughter of Stephan II von Lindenfels (1497–1566), Obervogt zu Herrenalb and Höchingen, and (⚭ 1520) Anna Sabina Holzapfel († 1542) zu Herxheim or Anna Sabina von Rechberg.
  13. ^ Wolf Ludwig Reichlin von Meldegg zu Maisenburg and Niedergundelfingen, keeper zu Altenberg, hunter master in the court of the Speyer bishop.
  14. ↑ This refers to the negotiations on the so-called “Badischer Abschied” on January 24, 1593.
  15. ↑ Priest of the Diocese of Constance.
  16. ↑ Ulrich, the former confessor, made regular pilgrimages with the women of Frauenalb to the pilgrimage chapels of Maria Bickesheim (Bückhischeim) and St. Maria Linden .
  17. ↑ From Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate, enrolled in Heidelberg in 1581.
  18. ↑ From Eppingen .
  19. ↑ Probably identical to "Martin von Burbach".
  20. ↑ "Joannes Jacobus Genckinger Ebingensis" was matriculated on February 22, 1591 at the University of Tübingen, on September 28, 1591 Baccalaureus of the Herrenalb convent school, 1593 donor, later clerical administrator in Markgröningen and married Judith, the daughter of town clerk Jakob Israel Metzger from Calw . He was a son of Stephan II Genkinger (1535-1610) from Ebingen .

Individual evidence

  • ( G ) Appendix XXXVIII. Amicable interrogations against Frawe Paula and Catherina von Weiterßhausenn Geschwisterich. Aeptissinn vndt Prioress of the Closter Frawenalb in Ao. 1598. In: Georg Ernst Ludwig von Preuschen: Unterthänigste Replicae iuncto petito legali in the matter of the ruling Mr Marggraven of Baden ... contra presumptuous abbot, prioress and convent of the ... 1631 ... newly founded monastery Frauenalb . Michael Macklot, Karlsruhe 1772, supplements, pp. 9–43 ( Google Books )
  1. ↑ p. 33f and ö.
  2. ↑ pp. 19f and 30.
  3. ↑ p. 31.
  4. ↑ p. 11.
  5. ↑ pp. 30f, 38f and 41, cf. also p. 26f.
  6. ↑ pp. 29 and 31.
  7. ↑ a b p. 21.
  8. ↑ pp. 31 and 38.
  9. ↑ pp. 16 and 31.
  10. ↑ pp. 39 and 42.
  11. ↑ p. 16.
  12. ↑ pp. 11 and 17.
  13. ↑ pp. 30 and 38.
  14. ↑ a b p. 35.
  15. ↑ pp. 10–15, 25, 27, 39 and 41f.
  16. ↑ pp. 10, 12f and 35.
  17. ↑ a b p. 19.
  18. ↑ pp. 12 and 30.
  19. ↑ pp. 10, 14 and 16f.
  20. ↑ pp. 11 and 14.
  21. ↑ Also mentioned on pp. 26, 30 and 32.
  22. ↑ a b c p. 32.
  23. ↑ pp. 11, 14 and 16.
  24. ↑ p. 38.
  25. ↑ pp. 10-14 and 32.
  26. ↑ pp. 12, 15 and 20f.
  27. ↑ pp. 15 and 43.
  28. ↑ pp. 18, 20 and 25.
  29. ↑ p. 27f.
  30. ↑ p. 34.
  31. ↑ pp. 10f, 13f and 16.
  32. ↑ See the following on pp. 9–43.
  33. ↑ pp. 33f, 38 and 40.
  34. ↑ p. 20.
  35. ↑ p. 34, 36f and 40.
  36. ↑ pp. 12 and 34f.
  37. ↑ p. 36f.
  38. ↑ pp. 23, 26 and 34.
  39. ↑ pp. 20f and 25.
  40. ↑ pp. 21, 24, 28, 30, 37 and 39.
  41. ↑ pp. 13, 24 and 38.
  42. ↑ pp. 15, 22, 26 and 42.
  43. ↑ p. 25.
  44. ↑ pp. 19, 24f, 29–31 and 43.
  45. ↑ pp. 10, 15, 24f, 27, 39 and 41f.
  46. ↑ p. 15.
  47. ↑ pp. 25 and 27.
  48. ↑ p. 20f.
  1. ↑ Cf. G. E. L. von Preuschen: right of the Marggrävlichen Haus , esp. Pp. 78–80.
  2. ↑ Cf. G. E. L. von Preuschen: Recht des Marggrävlichen Haus , p. 252f.
  3. ↑ Cf. Franziska Geiges-Heindl: The Benedictine convent Frauenalb from the beginnings to the Reformation . (European university publications III / 145). Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1980, p. 52.
  4. ↑ See Bernd Breitkopf: Frauenalb. A journey through 800 years of history . (Contributions to the history of the district of Karlsruhe 7). Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2008, p. 23f.
  5. ↑ Cf. G. E. L. von Preuschen: Recht des Marggrävlichen Haus , p. 136, and supplements, p. 179f.
  6. ^ Cf. Johann Georg Friedrich Pflüger: History of the City of Pforzheim . Flammer, Pforzheim 1862, p. 212.
  7. ↑ Cf. G. E. L. von Preuschen: Recht des Marggrävlichen Haus , p. 136, and supplements, p. 251f.
  8. ↑ See ibid , p. 136f, and supplements, p. 268f; Johann Georg Friedrich Pflüger: History of the city of Pforzheim . Flammer, Pforzheim 1862
  9. ↑ Contrary to Adelheid Rehbaum-Keller Exclusion and annihilation yesterday - and today? Schmitz, Gießen 1994, p. 77, she did not preside over the proceedings herself.
  10. ↑ See Gustav Adolf Reiling: Witches trials in the Pforzheim district . In: Pforzheimer Geschichtsblätter 5 (1980), pp. 205-210, especially pp. 206 and 208-210.
  11. ↑ See Gustav Adolf Reiling: Witches trials in the Pforzheim district . In: Pforzheimer Geschichtsblätter 5 (1980), pp. 205-210, p. 205.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g letters from Paula von Weitershausen. In: G. E. L. von Preuschen: Recht des Marggrävlichen Haus , Beilagen, pp. 129f, 141-143, 166-170, 176f, 189, 194, 199-207, 253-258 and 289f.
  13. ↑ See Horst Bartmann: The Church Policy of the Margraves of Baden-Baden in the Age of Religious Struggles (1535-1622) . In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 81 (1961), p. 179.
  14. ^ Letter of July 18, 1584; Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe (holdings 40 Frauenalb, No. 218); see. Moritz Gmelin (arrangement): Document archive of the Frauenalb monastery. Specialia . In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine 24 (1872)
  15. ↑ Specification For those persons who have used this bath and who have left their coat of arms as a memorial after a successful bathing cure . In: Hieronymus Walch: Description of the ancient healing mineral bath near Liebenzell . Stuttgart 1668.
  16. ↑ See Renate Neumüllers-Klauser: Bad Liebenzell, Oberes Bad ; German inscriptions online 30, Calw district, No. 371.
  17. ↑ Excerpt from the complaints , 1586. In: G. E. L. von Preuschen: Recht des Marggrävlichen Haus , Beilagen, pp. 160-163.
  18. ↑ Cf. G. E. L. von Preuschen: Law of the Marggrävlichen Haus , supplements, pp. 252-257.
  19. ↑ a b cf. Felix Heinzer: Manuscripts and prints of the 15th and 16th centuries from the Benedictine Abbey Frauenalb. A sketch of library history . In: Bibliothek und Wissenschaft 20 (1986).
  20. ↑ a b c Cf. Johann Benedict Carpzov: Newly opened temple of honor of remarkable antiquities of the Marggraffthum Ober-Lausitz . David Richter, Leipzig / Bautzen 1719 ( Google Books ); Konrad Friedrich Bauer: The inscriptions of the city of Mainz from early medieval times to 1650 . (German inscriptions. Heidelberg Row 2). Druckermüller, Stuttgart 1951/58, p. 315 and 322.
  21. ↑ a b document dated June 24, 1591; Baden-Württemberg State Archive, General State Archive Karlsruhe (holdings 40 Frauenalb, No. 42) ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ a b cf. Martin Crusius: Schwäbische Chronick , translated by Johann Jacob Moser, Vol. II. Metzler / Erhard, Frankfurt am Main 1733, pp. 116 and 320f.
  23. ↑ Cf. Franz Karl Wissgrill, Karl von Odelga: Schauplatz des Nieder-Oesterreichischen Nobility , Vol. V. Christian Friedrich Wappler, Vienna 1804, p. 147 ( Google Books ).
  24. ↑ See Horst Bartmann: The Church Policy of the Margraves of Baden-Baden in the Age of Religious Struggles (1535-1622) . In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 81 (1961), pp. 207 and 231.
  25. ↑ See file Confirmatio privilegiorum , 1594; Austrian State Archives Vienna (House, Court and State Archives, Reichshofrat, Gratialia et Feudalia, Confirmationes privilegiorum (German expedition), holdings 53 Franciscan Order Freiberg, lot 1, no.3).
  26. ^ Document of July 28, 1594; Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe (holdings 40 Frauenalb, No. 57).
  27. ↑ Excerpt from the complaints , 1586. In: G. E. L. von Preuschen: Recht des Marggrävlichen Haus , Beilagen, p. 172.
  28. ↑ The two “organists” came from Stuttgart (“Stuckhardt”) and Nuremberg; on organ building in Stuttgart at the end of the 16th century, which worked closely with the workshop of the instrument maker Hans Vogel senior. and jun. worked together in Nuremberg, cf. Gustav Bossert: The court choir under Duke Ludwig . In: Württembergische Vierteljahrshefte für Landesgeschichte NF 9 (1900), pp. 253–291, esp. Pp. 268 and 278f.
  29. ^ Directory from 1597 at Karl Obser: Abbesses and convent lists of the Frauenalb monastery . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 72 (1918), pp. 422–432, esp. P. 431 ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
  30. ↑ Perhaps it was Magdalena Reichlin von Meldegg († 1606), who is later documented as a conventual of Inzigkofen Abbey ; see. A. B. C .: On the history of the Inzigkofen nunnery . In: Diözesan-Archiv von Schwaben 21 (1903), pp. 65–72, esp. P. 72 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library). Before that, another Magdalena Reichlin von Meldegg (* around 1558, † 1575), Wolfgang Ludwig's Reichlin von Meldegg's sister, died in Inzigkhofen Abbey; see. Johann Seifert: Hoch-Adeliche Stam [m] -Taffeln , Bd. II. Johann Georg Hofmann, Regensburg 1723 ( Google Books ); Werner Fechter: German manuscripts of the 15th and 16th centuries from the library of the former Augustinian Choir Foundation Inzigkofen . (Works on regional studies of Hohenzollern 15). Regional Studies Research Center, Sigmaringen 1997, p. 40.
  31. ↑ See certificate of March 29, 1592; Baden-Württemberg State Archives, Stuttgart Main State Archives (holdings A 315 Balingen, U 68). Her first marriage was to Johann Friedrich von Dienheim; see. Johann Seifert: Hoch-Adeliche Stam [m] -Taffeln , Bd. II. Johann Georg Hofmann, Regensburg 1723; Heinz-Peter Mielke: The lower nobility of Hattstein, their political role and social position . Self-published by the Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 1977, pp. 116 and 370.
  32. ↑ See G. E. L. von Preuschen: Law of the Marggravian House , p. 38.
  33. ↑ See Horst Bartmann: The Church Policy of the Margraves of Baden-Baden in the Age of Religious Struggles (1535-1622) . In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 81 (1961), pp. 132 and 231.
  34. ↑ Cf. Werner Baumann: Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach. The importance of religion for the life and politics of a south German prince in the age of the Counter Reformation . (Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg B / 20). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1995, p. 128.
  35. ↑ See Horst Bartmann: The Church Policy of the Margraves of Baden-Baden in the Age of Religious Struggles (1535-1622) . In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 81 (1961), p. 231, note 32.
  36. ↑ Johann Jakob Genginger's mother was probably Susanna's sister Agnes von Lindenfels (“de marito non constat” = “husband unclear”); see. Gabriel Bucelin: Germania topochrono-stemmato-graphica, sacra et profana , Vol. III. Christian Balthasar Kühn, Frankfurt am Main 1672, pp. 100, 132 and 332 ( Google Books ).
  37. ↑ files; Baden-Württemberg State Archive, Karlsruhe General State Archive (inventory 88 Frauenalb, No. 315).
  38. ^ Notarial instrument of the notary Georg Norsch, Durlach November 16, Jul. / November 26th  1598 greg. ; Baden-Württemberg State Archive, Karlsruhe General State Archive (holdings 40 Frauenalb, no. 135) ( digitized version ).
  39. ↑ See Hans-Jürgen Wolf: History of the witch trials. Holocaust and mass psychosis from the 16th to 18th centuries . EFB-Verlag, Erlensee 1995, p. 489.
  40. ^ Cf. Corinna Schneider: The margravates of Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach . In: Sönke Lorenz, Jürgen Michael Schmidt (ed.): Against all witchcraft and the work of the devil. The European witch hunt and its effects on southwest Germany . Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2004, pp. 213-224, especially pp. 216f.
  41. ↑ Cf. Felix Heinzer: Manuscripts and prints of the 15th and 16th centuries from the Benedictine Abbey Frauenalb. A sketch of library history . In: Bibliothek und Wissenschaft 20 (1986), p. 99, note 19.
  42. ↑ See Wilhelm Hofmann: Nobility and sovereigns in the northern Black Forest from the middle of the 14th to the beginning of the 16th century . (Representations from the history of Württemberg 40). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1954, p. 126.
  43. ↑ Cf. Royal statistical-topographical Bureau (ed.): Description of the Oberamt Neuenbürg . Karl Aue, Stuttgart, 1860, pp. 96f, 134, 136 and 144.
  44. ↑ Cf. G. E. L. von Preuschen: Recht des Marggrävlichen a. Cit. , Supplements, pp. 252-257, esp. Pp. 253f: letter of February 10, 1587.
  45. ↑ Cf. Nicodemus Frischlin: Seven books from the Princely Wurttemberg Wedding of the… Prince Ludwigen Herthaben zu Würtemberg vnd Theck… . Gruppenbach, Tübingen 1578, p. 100, cf. Pp. 97, 118 and 135 ( Google Books ).
  46. ↑ Cf. Royal statistical-topographical Bureau (ed.): Description of the Oberamt Heilbronn . H. Lindemann, Stuttgart 1865, p. 516.
  47. ↑ Appendix LXXXIV – XCII . In: G. E. L. von Preuschen: Law of the Marggrävlichen Haus , Supplements, pp. 114–119 ( Google Books ).
  48. ↑ excerpt. In: G. E. L. von Preuschen: Recht des Marggrävlichen Haus , p. 288.
  49. ↑ In: G. E. L. von Preuschen: right of the Marggrävlichen Haus , supplements, p. 44f.
  50. ↑ Appendix XXXVIII. Güttliche Verhörr . In: Georg Ernst Ludwig von Preuschen: Most submissive replicae iuncto petito legali in the matter of the ruling Mr. Marggraven of Baden ... contra presumptuous abbot, prioress and convent of the ... 1631 ... newly founded monastery Frauenalb . Michael Macklot, Karlsruhe 1772, supplements, pp. 9–43 ( Google Books ).
  51. ↑ See Österreichisches Staatsarchiv Wien (House, Court and State Archives, Reich Chancellery, Deductions, No. 236c).
  52. ↑ Cf. right of the margravial house of Baden to the Frauenalb church , which was reintroduced in the county of Eberstein , 1772; Austrian State Archives Vienna (House, Court and State Archives, Reich Chancellery, Deductions, No. 115–116-2) and The Right of the Margraviate of Baden to the Frauenalb Church , 1772 (House, Court and State Archives, Smaller Imperial Estates, holdings of Baden , Number 1); see. Abbess of Frauenalb against the oppression of Baden-Durlach , 1772–1773 (holdings 114 Frauenalb, No. 1–1) and other files.
personal data
SURNAME Weitershausen, Paula von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wittershausen called Reichwein, Paula von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Abbess of the Frauenalb women's monastery
DATE OF BIRTH 1539
PLACE OF BIRTH unsure: Bromberg Castle or Zwiefalten
DATE OF DEATH January 1, 1609
Place of death Pforzheim