Bromberg Castle

Bromberg Castle
Picture of the castle in the forest inventory book (1683)
Alternative name (s):	Branburg
Creation time :	before 1200
Castle type :	Spurburg
Conservation status:	Burgstall
Standing position :	Edelfrei and Ministeriale
Place:	Sachsenheim
Geographical location	49 ° 0 ′ 26.6 "  N , 8 ° 59 ′ 41.5"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 26.6 "  N , 8 ° 59 ′ 41.5"  E
Height:	326.2  m above sea level NN

Castle Bromberg (formerly Branburg ) is an Outbound hilltop castle on a small mountain ridge above the Kirbachtal , today to district of Sachsenheim in Württemberg Baden- district of Ludwigsburg belongs. The castle was built before 1200 and dismantled in 1824 for secondary use.

geography

Bromberg panorama over the Kirbach: on the left the Bromberger Höfe, above the Gaisbühl and the spur of the castle stable, on the right the Bromberger Mühle

Branberg on Gadner's map from 1590; the only place in the area not yet owned by Württemberg (red instead of yellow point)

Forest map No. 98 from 1684 with markings

Forest map excerpts from Bydgoszcz Castle and the Bromberger Mühle with dairy

Bromberg around 1808 with ruin signature on Bohnenberger's Charte von Schwaben , sheet 4

Location of the demolished castle on the map NW 48/4 from 1832. Also: mill with moat and Bromberg field names. Obviously, a desert appears below the "Schlössle"

The well-preserved castle stable, known today as Schlössle , lies on a small mountain spur, apparently raised by human hands because of its conical shape, on the northeastern roof of the Baiselsberg at an altitude of 326  m above sea level. NN . The path from the Bromberger Mühle (altitude: 250  m above sea  level ) in the Kirbachtal led through the former castle hamlet south around the castle and over two ramparts and ditches on the mountain side to the castle gate. A Rennweg ran along the ridge of the Baiselsberg above the castle . Around 300 meters south-south-east of the Burgstall you can find the small settlement Kelterle , which was built in the 19th century, in a blade , around 800 meters south you come across relics of the Baiselsberg women's monastery .

Card receipts

The castle is documented on maps from the 16th to the 19th century:

• for the first time in 1590 on the forest map of Georg Gadner , who spent his twilight years on the "Nirbenhof" below the castle,
• around 1682 as "Bramberg" on a map of the Stromberg by Henri Sengre ,
• 1683 with picture in Kieser's forest inventory book,
• 1684 with pictures on the Kieser forest map ,
• 1684 with boundary stones in Johann Christ's measuring and crack book . Hirsch, Württ. Forest renovator on Stromberg,
• around 1700 by Johann Majer in the context of the Kirbachhof ,
• around 1808 as a ruin on Bohnenberger's topographical "Charte von Schwaben", sheet 4.

It is unlikely that the castle looked like it did in the 17th century in the Middle Ages. Like many other castles at such a location, it probably originally had a high shield wall on the mountain side and possibly also a keep . As informative as the castle stables are, an investigation of the foundations would have to be carried out for an unequivocal description of the castle structure.

Burgweiler

→ Main article : Bromberg am Kirbach

The name change of the castle, called "Branburc" by its medieval builders, as well as the field names from the Bydgoszcz forest on the slope to the valley floodplain, where in the 17th century there was a milking parlor next to the Bydgoszcz mill (now Bromberger Höfe ), a former one Burgweiler with its own mark. The Bydgoszcz forest remained an extra petrified forest parcel even under Württemberg rule . It has not yet been possible to clarify when Bromberg, which is listed as the official site in Maulbronn's monastery office files, became partially deserted .

history

Lords of Bromberg

After the "Branburc" (mhd. Bramo = blackberries) mentioned for the first time in 1203 , a noble family attested from the 13th to the 15th century was named , which was possibly related, later also in a feudal relationship with the Counts of Vaihingen . The gentlemen from Bromberg often appeared in their documents as prominent witnesses until the last Bromberg on site was killed by Vaihinger's hand:

• In 1203, Bishop Konrad von Speyer settled a dispute between Walter von “Branburc” and the Maulbronn monastery over the patronage right of the parish in Knittlingen .
• In 1236, "Cunradus de Branburch" appeared in Haguenau as a witness to the imperial court judge Albert von Rosswag .
• In 1241, “Cunradus de Braamberc” in Wimpfen testified to the will of the noble free Belrein von Eselsberg , whose heir Agnes brought the lordship and castle Eselsberg into her marriage to Count Konrad II of Vaihingen .
• In 1271 “Ůl. de Branburc ”as a noble witness for Count Konrad II of Vaihingen , who prescribed goods in Glattbach and Enzweihingen to the Bishop of Würzburg, before all other secular witnesses.
• In 1277 Ulrich von "Branburc" , who was prominently listed together with Count Ulrich von Asperg , testified for Count Konrad III. von Vaihingen his sale of the village of Gündelbach and the Vogtei via the monastic "Bauhof" Steinbach ( Steinbachhof near Gündelbach) to Abbot Hildebrand and the convent of Maulbronn Monastery.
• In 1283 Count Konrad III. von Vaihingen with the replacement of his bailiwick right in Hohenhaslach the gentlemen "Ulrici comitis de Asperc soceri nostri et domini Erkengeri de Maginheim et domini Ulrici de Branburc" as related or related by marriage.
• In 1285 Ulrich von Bromberg sealed Count Konrad III's document in Vaihingen an der Enz . von Vaihingen, who gave the Maulbronn Monastery property and rights in Hohen- and Nieder-Haslach.
• In 1286, Berthold, Ulrich, Konrad and Volmar von "Branburc" sold eight ohms from the Weinbede in Gündelbach (" precaria nostra vini in Gindratebach") to the Maulbronn monastery , "in the same right as you and your father have received it since then", by 26 pounds 5 shillings hellers.
• In 1301 the brothers Ulrich, Konrad and Volmar waived their claims to goods at Feldrennach .
• In 1335 "Klein-Ulrich" (junior), presumably the son of the aforementioned Ulrichs von Bromberg, was killed by Count Konrad IV von Vaihingen "in connection with Berthold von Massenbach, Heinrich von Neipperg and Hans von Gemmingen", which is why the same foundations for atonement to the morning mass in Horrheim. The Bromberger was not on the side of the Vaihinger Count in this feud. This fits in with the fact that Bromberg Castle was already offered to the "Oberlehensherrschaft" of the Counts of Württemberg .

Subsequent lords of the castle

• In 1317 "Ulrich vom Stein " sold 15 pounds Heller annual interest to Maulbronn Monastery from the immediately neighboring mill in Schippach "plus 3 pounds Heller annual interest on the upper mill ( Bromberger Mühle ) and 6 chickens on the lime meadow" near Ochsenbach and either already had partially succeeded the lords of Bydgoszcz or it was "Klein-Ulrich", who could have changed his name.
• Probably since the death of "Klein-Ulrich" in 1335, secured from 1338, the Lords of Stein (Weißenstein) were the sole lords of the castle on Bromberg. In 1338 Ludwig vom Stein, who had received two thirds of the castle from Count Ulrich von Württemberg to inherit, promised that it should always be an open house to the Count. At this time the third third had either his brother or his nephew Johannes von Stein.
• In 1370 Ludwig's son Hännslin sold his share "to Albrecht von Güglingen the Gray Brother", who in turn was enfeoffed by Württemberg.
• In 1390, 1392 and 1399 the brothers Eberhard, Hennel and Reinhard von Sternenfels are documented as the owners of the local rulership, who like their successor Eberhard von Sternenfels (1428) reverted their "festivals" to the Württemberg counts "to get an open house".
• In 1436, Seifried Osterbrunn I von Riexingen bought the Bromberg Castle, which was lent to the House of Württemberg, along with its members from Eberhard von Sternenfels. This made the Riexinger lords of Spielberg . In 1447 he temporarily pledged his new seat to Georg von Nippenburg . In 1464, Osterbrunn von Riexingen sold parts of the Bromberg castle fiefdom, including its accessories, to Messrs Schwarzfritz von Sachsenheim , Hans von Liebenstein , Hans von Liebenstein and Hans and Konrad von Sachsenheim , who were related to him, and they divided the estate. According to Paul, the latter two received "the upper half of the castle barn with its accessories, in particular 265 acres of forest with the meadows in it". According to a later letter of purchase, this included the castle "including a dwelling in front of it, a barn, stables, court yard, and all other authorities and justice, gardens and property" as well as the "Forage on the Bromberg and on Ochsenbacher, Spielberger, Hohenhaslacher, Horrheimer and Steinbacher Tithe ".
• In 1487 the brothers Seifried III. and Jörg von Riexingen and his wife Anna von Venningen bought the Bromberg fortress for 400 guilders to Hans von Ützlingen .
• In 1492 the upper part belonged to Hans von Ützlingen, from whom he had come to Richwin von Wittershausen in 1511 via his wife Agathe von Ützlingen . In 1524 it was in the hands of Ulrich von Wittershausen , whose family kept their share in Bromberg, until 1650 Heinrich Philipp von Wittershausen and his sisters Burg and Associations around 5200 fl. To Ursula von Schemberg, nee. Zollikofer sold.
• In 1521, Hans von Riexingen issued a fiefdom lapel to Emperor Karl V "as owner of the Principality of Württemberg" for "half the fortress of Bromberg".
• In 1651 Schemberg's son from his first marriage, Hans Sigmund Hehlin, inherited the upper part. In 1654 he received from Duke Eberhard III. from Württemberg permission to acquire the lower part around the “Nirbenhof”. According to the camp register of 1603, this included “a new dwelling, barn, stables and fountains, plus other other items, everything below the castle lying next to each other, fields, meadows, 267 acres of forest, Gülten, serfs in different places […]”. The lords of Riexingen are documented as the fief owners of this lower half until 1554 . Her successors included the ducal hunter Jordan von Braitenbach, from 1594 the councilor and cartographer Georg Gadner , from 1606 his son-in-law and forester in the Stromberg, Poppo von Witzleben, and his heirs, who finally passed the Nirbenhof and its accessories to Hehlin, owner of the upper half , sold.
• In 1664, Hans Sigmund Hehlin sold the Upper and Lower Bromberg for 10,000 florins and 300 florins on loan to Duke Eberhard III. von Württemberg , which initially allocated Bromberg to the ducal rent chamber, which Bromberg handed over to the three communities of Hohenhaslach, Ochsenbach and Spielberg on June 4, 1766, "for 800 florins annually in perpetual inventory".

Relics

The castle, which had not been habitable since the 1730s because of its dilapidation, fell to the community of Ochsenbach , which had the ruins removed down to the foundations in 1824 and used the stones "to build the Vicinalstrasse passing through the valley". The partly stepped truncated cone of the castle stable , the path around its east and south flanks to the former gate and relics of the ramparts and moats are still visible today. Terrain steps indicate an outer bailey and a double wall ring around the inner bailey. Fragments of old beaver tail bricks can be found in the larger neck ditch . The bricks are probably still under Landesstraße 1110. The slopes around the castle stables are used today as pastures for horses and cattle, which prevent natural succession and thus preserve visibility from the pasture fence.

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  Castle stable with double neck ditch (from the west)

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  Tiered Plateau of the Castle (from the southeast)

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  Steeply sloping mountain spur (from the north)

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  Larger of two neck trenches (from northwest)

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  Path south around the mountain spur of the castle

swell

• Baden-Württemberg State Archive, Stuttgart Main State Archive LABW online
• Württembergisches Urkundenbuch WUB online
• Portal "Discover regional studies online" Leo-BW

literature

• Karl Eduard Paulus : Description of the Oberamt Brackenheim. Edited by the Royal Statistical-Topographical Bureau . H. Lindemann, Stuttgart 1873, p. 376ff, Wikisource
• Theodor Schön: Regesten on the history of the gentlemen of Riexingen . In: Gerhard Graf Leutrum von Ertingen (ed.): The Graeflich-Leutrumsche Frauenkirche in Unter-Riexingen . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1891. pp. 93-110.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Source: LABW, HStA Stuttgart, N 3 No. 1/3
2. ^ Karl Eduard Paulus: OAB Brackenheim , 1873, p. 379.
3. ↑ Source: Extract from map by Henri Sengre (presumably 1682); Photo by Lueer
4. ↑ Source: LABW, Main State Archives Stuttgart, H 107/16 Vol. 5 Bl. 14
5. ↑ Source: leo-bw.de / Photo archive of the State Media Center Baden-Württemberg
6. ↑ Source: LABW, HStA Stuttgart, H 107/16 Vol. 5, Bl. 175
7. ↑ Source: LABW, HStA Stuttgart, N 7 No. 63
8. ↑ Source: University Library Tübingen .
9. ↑ See land map NW XLVIII, sheet 4, from 1832 LABW, State Archives Ludwigsburg, EL 68 VI, No. 8848
10. ↑ See measurement sheet by Johann C. Hirsch from 1684 LABW, HStA Stuttgart, H 107/16 Vol. 5, Bl. 175
11. ^ Landesarchiv BW, Main State Archive Stuttgart, Altwürtt. Archive district authorities of the church property and the university / 1095–1818 monastery and monastery property administrations / 1095–1807 Maulbronn / 1147–1806 documents 1.2 Official locations 1.2.39 Hohenhaslach and Bromberg .
12. ↑ Source: Local dictionary of Leo-BW
13. ↑ Source: WUB Volume II., No. 521, Page 342 WUB online
14. ↑ WUB Volume III., No. 876, pages 374-375 WUB online
15. ↑ WUB Volume IV., No. 979, pages 28-29 WUB online
16. ↑ WUB Volume VII., No. 2235, Pages 157-158 WUB online
17. ↑ WUB Volume VIII., No. 2732, pages 66-69 WUB online
18. ↑ WUB Volume VIII., No. 3242, pages 394-395 WUB online
19. ↑ WUB Volume IX., No. 3448, Pages 25-26 WUB online
20. ↑ WUB Volume IX., No. 3580, Page 108 WUB online
21. ↑ Mones Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine (ZGO), Volume 2, p. 372.
22. ↑ According to OAB Brackenheim in the HStA Stuttgart in documents from June 19, 1335, May 2, 1337, May 19, 1338 and June 3, 1339 documented.
23. ↑ Source: Local dictionary of Leo-BW
24. ↑ Source: LABW, HStA Stgt. A 502 U 1227 LABW online
25. ↑ Source: Local dictionary of Leo-BW
26. ^ Karl Eduard Paulus: OAB Brackenheim , 1873, p. 377f.
27. ^ Karl Eduard Paulus: OAB Brackenheim , 1873, p. 378.
28. ↑ Theodor Schön: Regesten on the history of the Lords of Riexingen . [...] Stuttgart 1891, p. 102f.
29. ↑ Theodor Schön: Regesten on the history of the Lords of Riexingen . [...] Stuttgart 1891, p. 103ff.
30. ^ Karl Eduard Paulus: OAB Brackenheim , 1873, p. 379.
31. ^ Karl Eduard Paulus: OAB Brackenheim , 1873, p. 379.
32. ^ Karl Eduard Paulus: OAB Brackenheim , 1873, p. 379.

Web links

Commons : Burg Bromberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Description of the Oberamt Brackenheim / Chapter B 22  - Sources and full texts