Shlisselburg (Markgröningen)

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Key castle
Castle stable of the fallen castle in Schliesselburg

Castle stable of the fallen castle in Schliesselburg

Alternative name (s): Outer castle
Creation time : before 1380
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: Burgstall
Standing position : Ministerial or noble free
Place: Markgröningen - Talhausen
Geographical location 48 ° 54 '48.8 "  N , 9 ° 3' 59.3"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 54 '48.8 "  N , 9 ° 3' 59.3"  E
Height: 290  m above sea level NN

The Schlüsselburg is an Outbound hilltop castle on a 290  m above sea level. NN high mountain spur above the hamlet of Talhausen in the Glemstal , which belongs to the town of Markgröningen in the Baden-Württemberg district of Ludwigsburg . The castle was destroyed or abandoned around 1545, its ruins demolished in the 19th century and filled in in the 20th century.

history

Castle lords wanted

Castle of Konrad von Schluesselberg?

Image detail (around 1800) with the ruins of the Schluesselburg and the Frauenkirche Unterriexingen on the left edge of the image. They are referred to in the legend above (A)
Schlüsselberg with Burgstall from the west
The common land around the location of the Sankt-Johanns-Kapelle could be traced back to a deserted settlement.
Potential course of the 1480 “B10 diversion” via Grüningen and the front or rear climb (orange) past the Schlüsselburg (red dot) (map from 1840)
Hollow road relics of the Vorderen Steige on the Schlüsselberg, viewed from the Burgstall
Mountain spur of the Schlüsselberg from the stud on the Vorderen Steige

The hilltop castle in Gewann Schlüsselberg, the spur of which falls steeply to the Glems, is said to have been meant when an "Outer Castle of Gröningen" was first mentioned in a document in 1380 . Builders and residents of the Schluesselburg above today's district of Talhausen are not known. Because of his name, it is often attributed to the noble free Konrad II von Schlüsselberg , who held the Grüninger Reichssturmfahnlehen with Reichsburg and town from 1322 to 1336 . Why the Schlüsselberger, who is wealthy in Franconian Switzerland , should have built or acquired an additional castle near Grüningen without a male heir , however, appears to be undecided. Especially since he passed the Grüninger fiefdom to Count Ulrich III under pressure from King Ludwig the Bavarian in 1336 . von Württemberg resigned and apparently invested the sales proceeds in his homeland in his town of Schlüsselfeld , which was founded in 1336 .

Castle of the Rietpurer Ministerials?

More probable is the thesis that the castle was built much earlier and belonged to a noble knight family. Possibly it was the local nobility of Grüningen, which can be proven in the 12th century, or the Rietpurer (also known as von Rieppurg or Rüppurg ), who were repeatedly documented in the area . Because in 1399 Anna von Klingenberg , who was then married to the Heilbronn nobleman Rudolf Kamrer and from 1410 to the noble free Siegfried Osterbrunn von Riexingen , sold the 30-acre area of ​​the then still independent village of Talhausen, which used to be the Rietpur (i.e. belonged) and which the Counts of Württemberg did not yet have, to Count Eberhard the Mild . She probably came into possession of the Talhäuser share through her mother Anna von Sachsenheim . Part of the Schlüsselburg and the Sankt-Johanns-Kapelle could also have been included in the sales volume. Because in 1530 an early knife named Albert von Vaihingen (or Vöhingen ) is mentioned in a deed of foundation , who according to Count Eberhard II of Württemberg at the altar "St. Johannis in castro nostro ”.

The noble families of Rietpur (g) and those of Klingenberg are said to have originally been from Weißburg , then Eberstein and Baden ministerials . Count Hartmann III handed down the bells of the Markgröningen town church . von Grüningen was married to a daughter of the noble gentleman von Eberstein . Perhaps the Rietpur came into the Markgröninger area through this connection. Or about the gentlemen von Roßwag , possibly related to them , with whom they shared the Baden village of Spessart .

In an inventory from 1536 cited by Crusius , however, the castle is called "Schluesselberg Castle": "ubi St. Johannis fanum stat, fuisse arcem Schlüsselberg appellatam", which on the other hand could point to Konrad von Schlüsselberg and an earlier occupation by the Württemberg people, or even but only on the field name "Schlüsselberg", which is still common in many places today.

From the ruin to the castle stable and rubble site

The castle is said to have been destroyed in 1545. In the 19th century the ruin still visible in the adjacent image was finally demolished. In the surrounding vineyard walls there are numerous hewn stones that could have come from the ruins. In the 1960s, the city administration had the last visible remains of the foundation wall and ditch covered with garbage and soil deposits. Unfortunately without documenting the remains of the ruin beforehand.

Geographical inferences

Sankt-Johanns-Kapelle with an additional settlement?

South of the castle stables and a little lower down, the so-called Sankt-Johanns-Kapelle survived the castle for a long time. In the Middle Ages, it may have been surrounded by a small, fallen desolate settlement. In any case, the area is still owned by the city as a former commons . Finally, the place name Talhausen could also indicate additional farmsteads on the height.

An old road under the protection of the castle?

Four traceable path variants leading parallel from the chapel site to Talhausen and in particular the relics of the ravines in the sheep pasture that have survived to this day suggest that this, from Markgröning's point of view, the front counterpart to the Hinteren Steige (north of the Schluesselburg) was once brisk traffic. But where should the path beyond Talhausen have led to?

  • Either up the flatter valley slope opposite in the direction of Vaihingen / Enz or Oberriexingen past Dauseck Castle . The B10, diverted by Count Eberhard im Bart in 1480, could have passed through Talhausen under the protection of Grüningen and two castles.
  • Or the way from Markgröningen to Unterriexingen once did not lead over the ridge of the "Ruxart", but past the Schluesselburg and through Talhausen further down the Glems. In the Middle Ages, however, routes through narrow river valleys were avoided due to the lack of a river regime and frequent floods with corresponding road damage.
  • A “neither-nor” as a third explanatory approach, that the road relics past the castle only served to connect the few Talhaus farms to Grüningen, appears in view of the duplicity of “Vorderer” and “Hinterstaig” and the intensity of use of the front one, which is still understandable today Rise almost impossible.

When the Grüninger Reichsburg was built in the north-west corner of the city, presumably in the 13th century, this presumed street could already have lost its importance, as the city would otherwise have had its own gate in this direction instead of just one passage through the one with two gates provided imperial castle.

Or the road relics actually go back to the B10, which was laid from 1480 to around 1520, and thus did not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the location of the first lord of the castle (see map).

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In this country he called himself "Konrad von Schlüsselberg zu Grüningen".
  2. ↑ Heyd 1829, p. 192 f., Relates this to the Schluesselburg, but the castle chapel in the Reichsburg was probably meant. See certificate in the HStA Stgt., A 602 No. 8788, LABW online .
  3. ↑ a b Heyd 1829, p. 192 f.
  4. ↑ Heyd 1829, p. 193 (1536): “There where an Allmand-Platz is, before the Staigweg and the one to the Schluesselburg begin.” Further mention in the inventory book of the clerical administration from 1554: “Ain half a morning Wingarts ungevarlich, called the Schlüsselberg , owned by Veit Sattler at that time, between the Almand under Sant Johanns Kirchlen, on both sides, meets the Allmand above and below. "

Web links

Commons : Schlüsselburg Markgröningen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files