Vöhingen

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Wood at the location of the Vöhinger church in the midst of fertile fields on loess soil
Vöhinger Wüstung and Hohlwegregrelikt on the topographic map 7020 from 1896
Field names refer to the desert (1831)

The Wüstung Vöhingen is a former village that lies on the area of today's municipality of Schwieberdingen in Baden-Württemberg . Vöhingen is located at the source of the Scheerwiesen brook about 2.5 kilometers east of today's Schwieberdinger town center and about eleven kilometers northwest of Stuttgart on the Langen Feld . The desert is mostly under tree cover. This is quite noticeable as the large fields in this region leave little space for hedges and shrubbery after the land consolidation in the late 1950s. In the eastern marking area of ​​Schwieberdingen, a poplar group planted around 1870 and a memorial stone placed in 1978 reminds of Vöhingen, which was lost in the 14th century. The origin of the village lies in the early Middle Ages, as Alemannic finds attest.

history

Vöhingen was possibly first mentioned in a document in 779 together with Grüningen (today Markgröningen ). Based on archaeological finds, an Alemannic settlement during the Merovingian period in the 6th to 7th centuries is considered certain. According to archaeologists, the place experienced a heyday in the 12th century. With its partly cobbled streets and the church, which was probably built in the 9th century and dedicated to the extraordinary Saints Bakchos and Sergios , the village was not impoverished. The fields around the village still offer fertile loess soil today . In 1229 the Bebenhausen monastery is said to have owned an estate in Vöhingen that had been given to Count Palatine Rudolf von Tübingen . During the 13th and 14th centuries, more and more farms were abandoned. In 1358 33 acres of fallow fields were mentioned in the possession of the Grüninger Frühmessers. It was around this time that the last residents left the village.

Emigration to Grüningen?

A possible explanation for the creeping end could have been the plague wave of 1347 . Before that, however, there is also a geopolitical factor: To the north of the desert of Vöhingen was Grüningen , which was already mentioned as a town in 1226 and was expanded by the Counts of Grüningen , which exerted a great attraction on the population of the surrounding hamlets and thus offered the village population of Vöhingen new life prospects should have.

This thesis is confirmed by sources mentioned by Heyd in his treatise on the Counts of Grüningen and in his Markgröningen town history:

  • When Count Conrad, son of Count Hartmann II von Grüningen , died in 1300, Werner von Vöhingen was his confessor. He was a folk priest of the Bartholomäuskirche in Grüningen and church lord of Vöhingen, so obviously related to the local lords Ludwig and Albert von Vöhingen, father and son, mentioned elsewhere. Werner's seal on the Count's estate document showed the saints Bakchos and Sergios, to whom - possibly on Werner's initiative - an altar in Grüningen was consecrated among other saints.
  • According to a document dated March 7, 1313, Werner von Vöhingen had meanwhile been promoted to dean of the rural chapter and pastor of Grüningen.
  • In 1325 "Wernher, vicar and dean of Gröningen" founded a mass benefice at the "Altar of Saints John the Baptist, Laurentius, Georg, Sergius and Bachus, Martin, Margareta and Elisabeth" .
  • In 1331 Werner's successor in office, Hermann von Stockach, moved his court in Vöhingen to the chaplain of Johannes the Baptist in Grüningen.
  • Albert von Vöhingen became an early knife of the altar of John the Baptist in Grüningen in 1350.
  • Between 1347 and 1356 Heinrich von Aldingen, who lived in Grüningen, owned a 160-acre farm in Vöhingen.
  • According to a document from 1353, Wolf von Nippenburg appointed the clergyman Conrad Fryde von Grüningen to the church of Vöhingen.
  • On June 28, 1358, the provost of Allerheiligen zu Speyer certified that the early knife on the altar of St. John the Evangelist in the parish church of Grüningen had awarded the 33 acres of fallow land in Vöhinger Mark to be inherited.
  • According to Heyd, a document from 1366 confirms the transfer of the tithe and the bailiwick of Vöhingen from the new members to Gröningen to Eberlin Welling , whose descendants later called themselves Welling von Vehingen according to Oetinger's land book of 1624 .
  • The official of the provost of Allerheiligen zu Speyer certified on July 1, 1391, at the request of the parishioner of Grüningen, that the priest Hermann Wagener, benefactor in the pulpit of the parish church, would give a court to Vehingen to the honorable servant has awarded.

Apparently the local rulers of Vöhingen resided in Grüningen as early as the 14th century and presumably also took peasants who depend on them with them. Later the lords of Nippenburg became church lords of Vöhingen, because in 1481 Hans von Nippenburg had the "Vöhinger church" repaired again. Until the Reformation , Holy Mass was celebrated there every week . In his report to Duke Christoph, the Grüninger Vogt Hippolytus Resch described the first structural damage, especially on the roof, in 1555. The Vöhingen church was then abandoned to decay and finally used as a "quarry". A gemstone from the Vöhingen church discovered in Möglingen turned out to be a Roman memorial stone. So it seems obvious that a Roman manor existed here before the Alemannic conquest, from which presumably a manor of the Lords of Vehingen emerged.

Memorial stone at the Vöhinger "Wäldle"
Text of the plaque

Remaining clues

Names such as the “Vöhinger Weg” starting from Schwieberdingen, the “Vöhinger Grund” at the valley of the Weinstrasse (from Markgröningen to Münchingen), the “Vöhinger Pfädle” to Kornwestheim or the “Vöhinger Graben” point to the former village of Vöhingen : an apparently once heavily traveled ravine from Markgröningen via Vöhingen to Esslingen. On old maps you can also find the “Vöhinger Kirchle”, which was preserved until the 16th century. "In 1756 the Schwieberdinger counted the Vöhinger field as part of their marking, but with Möglingen's contradiction, which claims that this field was neither particularly incorporated into the Möglinger nor the Schwieberdinger mark". In 1829, however, it was definitely part of the Schwieberdinger brand. However, until the land consolidation in the 1920s, the Vöhingen part was still extra "petrified". Remnants of the church and the ravine were still visible, but were leveled.

In 1978 the community of Schwieberdingen dedicated a memorial plaque to the former neighboring town. These and a bench are now in the middle of an overgrown wood.

Excavations

In the 1990s the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office (dissolved in 2005) carried out excavations there. Due to a lack of money, however, this work was soon stopped again. As excavation finds show, the village was in the 11th / 12th centuries. Century in its village structure still completely preserved. In the cemetery around the former village church, which has been occupied since the High Middle Ages, around 350 skeletons have been uncovered so far. About 1000 burials are expected. The former village of Vöhingen is to be excavated and explored over the next few years as the first complete medieval desert in southern Germany.

literature

  • Arnold, Susanne, Uwe Gross a. Harald von der Osten-Woldenburg: Dorfsterben…: Vöhingen and what remained of it. Archeology of a medieval village near Schwieberdingen. Ges. Für Pre- und Frühgeschichte, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-927714-35-6 .
  • Heyd, Ludwig Friedrich: History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special consideration for the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources . Stuttgart 1829, 268 p., Facsimile edition for the Heyd anniversary, Markgröningen 1992
  • Heyd, Ludwig Friedrich: History of the Counts of Gröningen . 106 p., Stuttgart 1829 ( digitized version )
  • Müller, Willi: The departed Vöhingen. In: Schwieberdingen - the village on the road. Pp. 22–31, Ludwigsburg 1961
  • Small monuments (16): An entire village is buried in the field . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . February 28, 1998.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Also written Vehingen or Vaihingen and derived from a local founder Vaho
  2. ↑ The spelling Feinga could also refer to Vaihingen an der Enz . See WUB Volume II, No. NA, pp. 437-438 WUB online
  3. ^ Willi Müller: Das Abegangene Vöhingen. In: Schwieberdingen - the village on the street, Ludwigsburg 1961, p. 24. It is obvious that Werner von Vöhingen's seal shows this pair of saints, which Ludwig Friedrich Heyd does in History of the Counts of Gröningen , Stuttgart 1829, p. 100 interpreted as Vitus and Urban.
  4. ↑ See WUB Volume III, No. 766, pages 252-255 WUB online . This could also be Stuttgart-Vaihingen.
  5. ↑ Landesarchiv BW A 602 No. 8795 a = WR 8795a
  6. ^ A b Ludwig Friedrich Heyd , History of the Counts of Gröningen , Stuttgart 1829, p. 99 ff.
  7. ↑ Landesarchiv BW A 602 No. 8782 = WR 8782
  8. ↑ a b c Ludwig Friedrich Heyd: History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special regard to the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources . Stuttgart 1829, p. 190.
  9. ↑ To the settlement Vöhingen on the website of the community Schwieberdingen
  10. ↑ a b Willi Müller: Das Abegangene Vöhingen. In: Schwieberdingen - the village on the street, Ludwigsburg 1961, p. 25.
  11. ↑ Source: HStA Stuttgart, A 602 No. 8795 a = WR 8795a LABW-Regest .
  12. ↑ Source: HStA Stuttgart, A 602 No. 8800 = WR 8800 LABW-Regest .
  13. ↑ Their ancestral seat, the Nippenburg , was south of Schwieberdingen; the Nippenburgs also had a residence in Grüningen for a time.
  14. ↑ Ludwig Friedrich Heyd: History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special consideration for the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources . Stuttgart 1829, p. 177.
  15. ↑ Petrified means provided with boundary stones.
  16. ↑ Susanne Arnold: Excavations of the abandoned medieval settlement Vöhingen . Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office, 1998

Web links

Commons : Voehingen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 53 '  N , 9 ° 6'  E