Archdeaconate Trinity

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The Archdiakonat Trinitatis was one of the three church districts on the right bank of the Rhine of the Speyer diocese and subordinated to the provost of the collegiate foundation " St. Trinitatis ac Omnium Sanctorum " in Speyer . His archdeaconate was again divided into the three land or rural chapters Weil der Stadt , Grüningen and Vaihingen .

history

Allerheiligenstift (C) and ruins of St. Peter (N) around 1730 in Speyer
The three land chapters in the Archdeaconate Trinity : Weil der Stadt (I), Grüningen (II) and Vaihingen (III)
Diocesan map of the entire diocese (around 1500) with subdivision into archdeaconates and land chapters (by Glasschröder 1906)

Structure and location

The seat of the Archdeaconate Trinitatis was the "Dreifaltigkeits-" or " Allerheiligenstift " located within Speyer , which among other things consisted of the collegiate church built in the 11th century by Bishop Sigebodo . The monastery was located southwest of the cathedral between the city ​​wall and the older St. Peter's Church . During the Palatinate War of Succession , the monastery was destroyed by the fire in Speyer in 1689 and later rebuilt. After the French Revolution , as part of the French annexation of the areas on the left bank of the Rhine, it was auctioned for demolition and demolished.

The Speyer diocese was divided into four Archidiakonate divided, which were led by the provosts of the four based in Speyer Pins: Hierarchical highest standing provost as the first bishop deputy chairman of the Chapter and Archdeacon of the entire left bank and the oldest diocesan part. The provosts of the three secondary monasteries St. German , St. Guido and St. Trinitatis (Holy Trinity) were responsible for the three archdeaconates on the right bank of the Rhine . The provosts belonged to the cathedral chapter and were usually appointed to their position from this.

The district of the Archdiakonat Trinitatis des Propst des Allerheiligenstifts was located in the south-east of the Speyer diocese and was divided into three districts, the rural chapter Weil der Stadt , the rural chapter Grüningen and the rural chapter Vaihingen , in each of which a dean acted and ruled as the provost's deputy ( see maps). The southern border of this archdeaconate to the Diocese of Constance corresponded to the course of the Franconian-Alemannic demarcation line created around 500 AD, along which the originally left-bank diocese expanded to the east and, together with the Weissenburg Monastery, carried out the Christianization of the area now dominated by Franconia.

As a result of the Reformation in Württemberg, after 1534, the Speyer diocese lost large parts of its area on the right bank of the Rhine, including the entire Archdeaconate of Trinity.

Stiftspröpste as archdeacons

A provost (derived from the Latin “praepositus”) did not have to be a cleric in the Middle Ages . He was head of the canons of his respective collegiate foundation and head of the external affairs of a cathedral or collegiate chapter . The provost of the cathedral and the three provosts of Speyer were also involved in the diocesan administration and, as the bishop's deputy, enjoyed some pontificals . Because of the double burden of the Speyer bishops as Reich Chancellors in the High Middle Ages, the Stiftspröpste were increasingly involved in the territorial policy of the bishop and in the work of the chancellery. This led to a shift in authority in the archdeaconate administration: In the course of the 13th century, ownership of the pens was gradually transferred from the provosts to the monastery chapters, represented by the respective dean, who thereby gained influence. The archdeacons increasingly commissioned officials and vicars to visit the parishes . By concentrating on “higher tasks”, a number of provosts - including those from the Holy Trinity Foundation - made the career leap to bishop.

Archdeacons of Saint Trinity mentioned in the Middle Ages:

  • In 1152, the Speyer bishop Günther von Henneberg mentioned a "magistro scolarum sanctęque Trinitatis preposito Winemaro " in a document for the Maulbronn monastery . On March 13, 1157 the same "Winemarus, prepositus de sancta Trinitate et magister scolarum," was mentioned for the last time in another document of this bishop.
  • In 1157, “ Witichint prepositus” and “Gozolt custos” from “sanctę Trinitatis” attested to a certificate issued in Hirsau by the Speyer bishop Günther von Henneberg for the Hirsau monastery located in the Archdeaconate of Trinitatis . In 1160, "Withekint, prepositus de sancta trinitate," was listed again in a document from the bishop.
  • In 1180, a "prepositus Cunradus de sancta Trinitate" testified to a document from the Speyer bishop Ulrich II von Rechberg on the legal dispute between the priest of Germersheim and the Maulbronn monastery. In 1181 the same Konrad was referred to in a deed of donation for Maulbronn as "prepositus de Omnibus Sanctis" or provost of All Saints' Day. In 1183 and 1186 he was again called "prepositus de sancta Trinitate". In 1188 he testified again twice as "Cunradi prepositi ecclesiae Omnium Sanctorum" (All Saints' Day), to appear again in 1189 as "Cunradus sancte trinitatis in Spira prepositus".
  • In 1203, " Bertholdus ecclesie sancte trinitatis prepositus" appeared in a document from the Speyer bishop and imperial chancellor Konrad III. from Scharfenberg up. In 1209 "Bertholdus praepositus sanctae trinitatis in Spira" attested to a document from Emperor Otto IV.
  • In 1219, "Cunradus prepositus sancte Trinitatis", probably already the later Bishop Konrad von Thann , testified to a comparison by Bishop Konrad von Speyer and Metz between the village of St. Leon and the Altlußheim building yard. After that, this penitentiary appeared again as a witness; 1224 and 1231 finally for the new bishop Beringer von Entringen . In 1233 Konrad von Thann, “already provost of the Trinity Foundation at a young age”, was appointed Bishop of Speyer.
  • The 1233 subsequent "C. prepositus sancti Trinitatis Spirensis ”(provost“ C [onrad] ”from the Trinity convent of Speyer) could, according to Zölch, have been Konrad von Eberstein , who in 1237 also succeeded Konrad von Thann as bishop.
  • In 1244, “ Bertholdus dictus de Hoenhart prepositus sancte trinitatis” attested two documents from Bishop Konrad von Eberstein.
  • In 1249 “Magister Adelvolcus , scolasticus et sancte trinitatis prepositus,” appeared as a witness for an exchange of the chosen bishop Heinrich von Leiningen . In 1250 Pope Innocent IV commissioned his "dilecto filio ... preposito ecclesie sancte Trinitatis Spirensis" in Lyon to carry out the decision of the cardinal deacon Richard von St. Angelo to reinstate the Odenheim monastery in the possession of the church in (Groß-) Gartach and the conviction of Albert von Hohenstein for damages. In 1252, "Adelvolcus prepositus sancte Trinitatis" in Maulbronn attested to the revocable appointment of Heinrich von Enzberg as monastery bailiff. In 1255 the chosen bishop Heinrich von Speyer and Würzburg, dean Werner of the cathedral church and provost Adelvolk of the Holy Trinity in Speyer (with seal) approved the sale and donation to the prioress and the convent of Rechentshofen by the noble Vogt Berthold von Weißenstein Surrender of all his goods including the right of patronage to Hohenhaslach .
  • In 1270 Egenolf von Landsberg , provost and archdeacon of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Speyer, incorporated the church in Dilgshausen and her daughter, the chapel in Leonberg into Sindelfingen , whose patronage rights had been given to the monastery by his provost Heinrich von Hailfingen.
  • In 1329 the provost of the Trinity Monastery of Gerlach von Erbach was elected as Bishop of Worms, which the Pope did not confirm. There was a schism in the diocese of Worms , during which the cleric died a violent death in 1332.
  • In 1358 Archdeacon Eberhard von Sickingen confirmed that the early knife on the altar of St. John the Evangelist in the parish church of Grüningen had lent 33 acres of fallow land in Vehinger Mark to hereditary .

On March 7, 1758, Cathedral Scholaster Karl Joseph von Mirbach was presumably the last provost of the Trinity Monastery, which had long since lost its territorial significance due to the Reformation in Württemberg (from 1534).

swell

literature

  • Hans Ammerich : The diocese of Speyer and its history. Six volumes. Sadifa Media, Kehl am Rhein 1998–2003.
  • Franz Xaver Glasschröder : The archdeaconate in the Speier diocese during the Middle Ages . In: Archival Journal. NF Vol. 10, 1902, pp. 114-154, digitized
  • Franz Xaver Remling : History of the Bishops of Speyer , Volume 2. Mainz 1854. Digital scan
  • Alois Seiler : Studies on the beginnings of the parish and rural dean organization in the archdeaconates of the diocese of Speyer on the right bank of the Rhine. Stuttgart 1959
  • Karl-Albert Zölch: The bishops of Speyer at the time of Emperor Friedrich II. (Dissertation at the University of Heidelberg). Heidelberg 2014 PDF

Remarks

  1. ↑ Translated: "Holy Trinity to All Saints"; in medieval sources mostly shortened to Dreifaltigkeitsstift or Allerheiligenstift called: Landesarchiv BW online (A 602 No. 8788) : "The provost of the Dreifaltigkeitsstift zu Speyer confirms the foundation of the Johanneskaplanei zu Gröningen ."
  2. ↑ It is possible that the Peterskirche previously served as the monastery church.
  3. ^ Karl-Albert Zölch, The Bishops of Speyer at the time of Kaiser Friedrich II, Heidelberg 2014, p. 31.
  4. ↑ WUB Volume II, No. 327, pp. 43-45 WUB online
  5. ↑ WUB Volume II., No. 339, pp. 64-65 WUB online
  6. ↑ WUB Volume II, No. 357, pp. 106-108 WUB online
  7. ↑ WUB Volume II., No. 355, p. 104 WUB online
  8. ↑ WUB Volume II, No. 374, pp. 132-134 WUB online
  9. ↑ WUB Volume II., No. 421, p. 207 WUB online
  10. ↑ WUB Volume II., No. 424, p. 211 WUB online
  11. ↑ WUB Volume II., No. 435, p. 227 WUB online and WUB Volume II., No. 446, pp. 244–245 WUB online
  12. ↑ WUB Volume II., No. 454, pp. 252-253 WUB online
  13. ↑ WUB Volume II, No. 458, pp. 262-263 WUB online
  14. ↑ WUB Volume II., No. 521, p. 342 WUB online
  15. ↑ Stephan Alexander Würdtwein: Monasticon Palatinum: chartis et diplomatibus instructum, notitiis a authenticis illustratum , Volume 1, Cordon, Mannheim 1793, p. 259ff digitized
  16. ↑ WUB Volume III., No. 623, p. 91 WUB online
  17. ↑ WUB Volume III., No. 678, pp. 155-156 WUB online and WUB Volume III., No. 793, pp. 288-289 WUB online
  18. ^ Karl-Albert Zölch, The Bishops of Speyer at the time of Emperor Friedrich II, Heidelberg 2014, p. 123 u. 177.
  19. ^ Karl-Albert Zölch: The Bishops of Speyer at the time of Emperor Friedrich II. (Dissertation at the University of Heidelberg). Heidelberg 2014, pp. 155 and 178.
  20. ↑ WUB Volume IV., No. 1027, pp. 78-79 WUB online and WUB Volume IV, No. 1028, pp. 79-80 WUB online
  21. ↑ WUB Volume IV., No. 1122, pp. 186-187 WUB online
  22. ↑ WUB Volume IV., No. N168, pp. 469-470 WUB online
  23. ↑ WUB Volume IV., No. 1237, pp. 305-306 WUB online
  24. ↑ WUB Volume V, No. 1341, pp. 105-106 WUB online
  25. ↑ WUB Volume VIII, No. 2707, pp. 49-50 WUB online
  26. ↑ LABW, HStA Stgt., A 602, No. 8786 = WR 8786 LABW online .
  27. ↑ LABW, HStA Stgt., A 602, No. 8795a = WR 8795a recto, LABW online .
  28. ^ Franz Xaver Remling : History of the Bishops of Speyer , Volume 2, Mainz, 1854, page 667; Digitized

Web links

Commons : Diocese of Speyer  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Archidiakonat  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′ 47.8 "  N , 8 ° 26 ′ 13.8"  E