Lords of Nippenburg

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Headquarters: Nippenburg near Schwieberdingen

The Lords of Nippenburg (also Nyppenburg ) were barons and knights who had their eponymous seat on the Nippenburg south of Schwieberdingen in the Baden-Württemberg district of Ludwigsburg . They were vassals of the Count Palatine of Tübingen , the Count of Vaihingen and especially the Count of Württemberg . It is not clear where the name of her gender comes from. However, it is believed that it can be traced back to an Alemannic leader named Nippo.

history

Coat of arms of the Knights of Nippenburg "with the eagle flight open"
Improved coat of arms of the inheritance tavern Philipp von Nippenburg with donation cups
Alliance coat of arms Nippenburg - Flehingen at the manor house

First representatives

A knight Wilhelmus de Nippenburg , brought into play in 1662 and said to have taken part in equestrian games in Constance in 948 , is considered to have been invented. The family of the Lords of Nippenburg can be documented for the first time in 1275, when a knight named Fridericus de Nippenburc was listed as a witness in a certificate sealed by Counts Rudolf von Tübingen-Herrenberg and Ulrich von Tübingen-Asperg . In 1276 a canon Dietherus de Nippenburg attested to a document from Bishop Berthold II of Sternberg on the Marienberg above Würzburg . 1283 took place on the Nippenburg a prominent place tryst: Guests Frederick of Nippenburg ( dictus Urrus de Nippenburc ) were the Lower Swabian kingdom Bailiff Count Albrecht II von Hohenberg. , Count Eberhard I of Württemberg , Count Konrad III. von Vaihingen and the provost Dietrich von Beutelsbach as well as numerous clergymen, noble free and ministerials mainly from the area between Sindelfingen and Pforzheim , all of whom testified to an inheritance comparison of the lords of Nippenburg with the lords of Enzberg around the castle Kapfenhardt near Weissach .

Feudal lords and property rights

The Nippenburgs were initially connected to the Count Palatine of Tübingen and their sidelines of Tübingen- Asperg , but also to the Count of Vaihingen and, from 1308, in particular the Count of Württemberg as feudal people . However, individual members of the widely ramified family line also appeared as Baden and Hohenlohe vassals in the course of history. In 1340 Friedrich von Nippenburg became one of eight common (not princely) guarantors for the peace proclaimed by Emperor Ludwig . In 1364 Fritz von Nyppenburg was the guarantor for the Archbishop of Mainz Gerlach von Nassau .

In the 14th century the Lords of Nippenburg already had rights and property in many places, which expanded in the course of the 15th century. Their scattered property and fiefdoms lay in a spacious area that stretched from the Korngäu and Schönbuch in the south to the Zabergäu in the north and from the Pforzheimer area in the west to the Remstal in the east: goods in the towns are often mentioned

At times they also had the castles in Kleiningersheim , Ditzingen and Unterriexingen , Altsachsenheim Castle above Untermberg and Bromberg Castle in the Kirbachtal in their hands. Lateral lines also came into possession in Zabergäu , the Heilbronn area and around Wiesloch . Among the marriages of the Nippenburgs there are often connections with the families of Gemmingen , von Venningen , von Sachsenheim , Nothphia , von Reischach and, last but not least, with members of the family von Nippenburg, which is now widely branched out . These individual lines were named after their respective locations such as those from Nippenburg to Backnang, to Schöckingen, to Heimerdingen, to Unterriexingen or those to Brackenheim .

Some daughters were housed in the monasteries Rechentshofen and Frauenalb . Numerous people from Nippenburg studied at the universities of Heidelberg or Tübingen and then often embarked on a spiritual career. A Friedrich von Nippenburg was dean of the collegiate monastery at St. Peter's Church in Wimpfen im Tal around 1404 .

Rise in the 15th century

In 1437 Hans the Elder of Nippenburg was councilor to Count Ludwig von Württemberg-Urach . In 1448 Johann von Nippenburg was the Teutonic Order Comthur in Heilbronn . In 1488, the Knights of Nippenburg joined the Swabian Federation at an imperial request, which arose from the merger of the Knight Society Sankt Georgenschild and some imperial cities. Since the federal government was directly subordinate to the empire, they gained greater independence from their sovereign by joining. In addition to expanding and consolidating their secular power, the Lords of Nippenburg also endeavored to gain ecclesiastical influence. In 1306 , Friedrich von Nippenburg was the first church lord of the Georgskirche in Schwieberdingen to be known by name and thus had a say in the allocation of church offices. In the 14th century, the people of Nippenburg also became church lords in Vöhingen , which soon fell desolate, east of Schwieberdingen. As church lords and a third also local lords of Schwieberdingen, the people of Nippenburg commissioned various construction measures here: In 1481 Hans von Nippenburg had the “Vöhinger Kirchle” repaired again. Work on the nave of the Georgskirche began in 1489, and the new choir was built around 1495. In addition, the construction of the moated castle in 1508 and the castle barn in 1565 can be traced back to them.

Philipp von Nippenburg

Philipp von Nippenburg , who was born in 1458 and was married to Clara Spät , was the only one of his family to rise to the highest public offices. In 1498 he was appointed councilor in the Württemberg government. In 1501 he was already ducal house master of Württemberg . At the wedding of Duke Ulrich von Württemberg in 1511, he preceded his bride Sabina von Bayern and entertained the princely table. During the time of the poor Konrad he was one of the most important advisers at the side of Duke Ulrich, who then enfeoffed him in 1515 with the position of inheritance in the Duchy of Württemberg. The coat of arms of the Nippenburg family, previously an open eagle flight on a blue background, was expanded from then on as a four-sided shield to include two gift cups. From 1518 at the latest, Phillip von Nippenburg was the chief steward of the ducal property and household as the country steward and, in addition to the legally trained Chancellor Ambrosius Volland, had significant influence on government affairs. When the Swabian Federation declared war on Duke Ulrich after his annexation of the imperial city of Reutlingen in 1519, Philipp, Ludwig, Sebastian and Hans von Nippenburg broke away from the Bund. However , the escaped Duke Ulrich never forgave him for the fact that Philip surrendered the besieged Hohentübingen fortress to the federal troops without a fight - like his brother Sebastian von Nippenburg took up Weinsberg Castle - and pilloried the court master, who died in 1526, as a traitor on his return in 1534.

Until then, the people of Nippenburg were at the height of their economic and political power. The fact that a large part of the family, and especially those who worked as pastors, resisted the Reformation after 1534 , caused their influence to wane further. Two alleged brothers of Philip had made spiritual careers: Around 1500 Christoph von Nippenburg († 1503) was provost and abbot of the Odenheim monastery ; also provost in Bruchsal . Friedrich von Nippenburg became provost of the collegiate foundation “St. Trinitatis ac Omnium Sanctorum ”in Speyer and thus archdeacon in the Archdiaconate Trinitatis of the Diocese of Speyer , to which the local rural chapter Grüningen also belonged. A third brother, Lorenz von Nippenburg († 1518), was a pastor in Schwieberdingen. Wolf von Nippenburg was " Canonicus " in Bruchsal in 1508 .

Nippenburg women in Seebach Abbey near Dürkheim

Elisabeth von Nippenburg, an experienced conventual of the Frauenalb monastery (northern Black Forest), was appointed abbess in the Benedictine monastery Seebach in 1520/21 on the advice of the vicar general, after the convent there was severely decimated after an epidemic. She held the office until her death in 1532. Margaretha von Nippenburg was prioress until 1563, then abbess until the monastery was dissolved. In 1591 she capitulated to the Palatinate takeover efforts, left the monastery and moved to Speyer. In addition, in 1532 a daughter of Hans von Nippenburg and in 1563/64 the two sisters of Abbess Margareta von Nippenburg are named as members of the convent. Gravestones show the burial of members of the von Nippenburg family in Seebach, including an elaborate alliance coat of arms tombstone for a woman from Nippenburg, née. von Wieland († 1557).

Extinction of sex

Nippenburg in the forest inventory book of 1682
Mansion Castle Nippenburg (built in 1600)

Towards the end of the 16th century, a decline in Nippenburg ownership can be observed. This is mainly due to the fact that after the Nippenburg sidelines died out, the lands were inherited to other knight families. Georg von Nippenburg, who died in 1571, was inherited by his four daughters, who divided up his property in Altwiesloch : the front castle (i.e. the residential tower of the castle) went to Katharina von Nippenburg, who was married to Hans Georg Schenk von Winterstetten. The rear castle and the mill went to Franziska Flora von Nippenburg, who was married to Philipp Gans von Otzberg. Further property shares went to Maria von Nippenburg and Hans Jörg von Frauenburg, who built today's town house as a mansion to the west of the castle, and to Anna von Nippenburg and Wilhelm von Dorbenck, who had their seat in Wiesloch's Freihof. From then on, the possessions of the Lords of Nippenburg concentrated mainly around Hemmingen , Schöckingen , Schwieberdingen and Unterriexingen .

After the last male representative of this family died in 1609 with the death of the heir to Wilhelm von Nippenburg, the Nippenburg castle and palace estate came to the Stockheim family in 1611 through the marriage of Anna Benedikta von Nippenburg and Baron Johann Heinrich von Stockheim. The male tribe of Nippenburg outside Schwieberdingen died out in 1646 with the death of Ludwig von Nippenburg and the heir Gottfried Philipp von Nippenburg , who was also the councilor of the Bishop of Würzburg and high school councilor of the city of Würzburg and had no male successor. The inheritance gift office conferred on Duke Eberhard III. of Württemberg on May 15, 1646 to Ferdinand Geizkofler . The name and coat of arms of the Nippenburg family lived on as an epithet in the counts of Bissingen-Nippenburg , since Johann Friedrich von Bissingen married Kunigunde von Nippenburg in 1646 and took over the Nippenburg family estate. The former seat of the "Counts of Bissingen and Nippenburg", the Hohenschramberg Castle , is therefore sometimes also called Nippenburg . “Ursula Margaretha Truchsess von Höfingen , née von Nippenburg” died in 1696 as “the last of her tribe and name”, as it is written on her tombstone in Böblingen .

By Friederieke Julianne Stockheim , the granddaughter of Anna Benedicta of Nippenburg , the castle and Good Nippenburg 1685 as a dowry with Ernst Ludwig Leutrum of Ertingen was introduced, the property came into the family of the counts Leutrum of Ertingen, initially in addition to Nippenburg in the name and who own the castle, which was built in 1600, the estate and the ruins to this day.

literature

  • Jürgen Keddigkeit / Achim Wendt / Uwe Welz: "Seebach". In: Jürgen Keddigkeit et al. (Ed.): "Palatinate Monastery Lexicon. Handbook of Palatinate Monasteries, Pens and Cominaries". Kaiserslautern 2017, Volume 4, in press.
  • Willi Müller: The gentlemen from Nippenburg . In: Hie gut Württemberg , 11th vol., Pp. 9-10, 23-24, 26-27, Ludwigsburg 1960.
  • Willi Müller: Schwieberdingen, the village on the road. Outline of a local history. Ungeheuer & Ulmer, Ludwigsburg 1961.
  • Reinhold Rau: Contributions to the genealogy and history of the gentlemen of Nippenburg. In: Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter , Heft 23 (1971), pp. 7–38.
  • Theodor Schön: Regesten on the history of the gentlemen of Nippenburg . In: Gerhard Leutrum von Ertingen (ed.): Die Gräflich Leutrumsche Frauenkirche zu Unterriexingen , pp. 111–178, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1891.
  • Eugen Schübelin: Nippenburg . In: Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter , Heft 8 (1916), pp. 8-23.
  • Helmut Theurer: The Nippenburg. Their history and their genders. 2nd supplemented edition, Leutrum von Ertingen, Schwieberdingen 1998.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Helmut Theurer: Die Nippenburg, their history and their sexes , 2nd supplemented edition, Leutrum von Ertingen, Schwieberdingen 1998, p. 17. The dubious source is the work Germania topo-chrono-stemmograpica, part II, written by Gabriel Bucelin in 1662 , which says: Wilhelmus de Nippenburg in Ludis Equestribus Constantiæ ad Rhenum & lacum Potamicum celebratis anno 948 (translated: Wilhelm von Nippenburg at the equestrian games, which were celebrated in Konstanz on the Rhine and Lake Constance in 948 ).
  2. ↑ Württembergisches Urkundenbuch Volume VII, No. 2493, p. 360f WUB online
  3. ↑ Called “canonici maioris ecclesie”. See WUB Volume VII, No. 2590, page 441ff WUB online
  4. ↑ Württembergisches Urkundenbuch Volume VIII, No. 3284, page 420f WUB online .
  5. ^ Willi Müller: Schwieberdingen, the village on the street. Outline of a local history. Ungeheuer & Ulmer, Ludwigsburg 1961, p. 47f.
  6. ^ Regesta Imperii VII, no. 8 n.426 RI online .
  7. ↑ Regesta Imperii RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 2.1 n.1739 RI online .
  8. ↑ Willi Müller: Schwieberdingen ... (1961), p. 48.
  9. ↑ Cf. family table of the Lords of Nippenburg in: Gerhard Leutrum von Ertingen (ed.): Die Gräflich Leutrumsche Frauenkirche zu Unterriexingen , Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1891.
  10. ^ Theodor Schön: Regesten on the history of the gentlemen of Nippenburg . In: Gerhard Leutrum von Ertingen (ed.): Die Gräflich Leutrumsche Frauenkirche zu Unterriexingen , p. 119, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1891.
  11. ↑ Regesta Imperii RIplus Regg. Baden 3 n. 5611 RI online .
  12. ^ Karl Eduard Paulus : Description of the Oberamt Ludwigsburg. Karl Aue, Stuttgart 1859, Chapter B 19 (Schwieberdingen), p. 322 Wikisource .
  13. ↑ Willi Müller: Schwieberdingen ... (1961), p. 49.
  14. ↑ Willi Müller: Schwieberdingen ... (1961), p. 25.
  15. ↑ Clara was the daughter of the Württemberg court master Dietrich Speth and sister of the Erbtruchess Dietrich Spät , who joined his opponents because of the murder of Hans von Hutten by Duke Ulrich.
  16. ↑ Willi Müller: Schwieberdingen ... (1961), pp. 60f.
  17. ↑ Helmut Theurer: Die Nippenburg , ... (1998), p. 28ff.
  18. ^ Regesta Imperii XIV, 3.2 n.15125 RI online .
  19. ↑ Example: LABW, HStA Stgt., A 474 U 1376 LABW online .
  20. ↑ Cf. family table of the gentlemen of Nippenburg in: Gerhard Leutrum von Ertingen (ed.): Die Gräflich Leutrumsche Frauenkirche zu Unterriexingen , Stuttgart 1891.
  21. ↑ Landesarchiv Speyer, D 2, No. 765, Bl. 6
  22. ↑ Landesarchiv Speyer, D 2, No. 765, Bl. 158–161
  23. ↑ Renate Engels, Landdekanat Böhl 1992, p. 274 f. and Egler, Germania Benedictina IX 1999, p. 783 f.
  24. ↑ Landesarchiv BW, Hohenlohe Central Archive Neuenstein, GA 20 drawers. VII No. 20 Aschhausen LABW online
  25. ↑ Landesarchiv BW, StA Ludwigsburg, B 90 Bü 1861 LABW online
  26. ↑ Willi Müller: Schwieberdingen ... (1961), p. 65f.

Web links

Commons : Herren von Nippenburg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Nippenburg  - album with pictures, videos and audio files