Oeffingen in the Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic wars had considerable effects on Oeffingen due to the enclave situation of the village . The village became impoverished, but was released from the manorial rule of the cathedral chapter of Augsburg and returned to Württemberg . In the course of reforms to ward off Napoleonic ideas, the serf peasants were given the opportunity to buy themselves free from their obligations.
course
After the French National Assembly adopted a constitution in 1791, it declared war on Austria in 1792. On July 15, 1792, a squadron of imperial Chevauxlegeres with 4 officers, 100 men and 100 horses and 187 cannons was quartered in Oeffingen for the first time . On September 16 of the same year a further 216 men and 34 horses were billeted. An imperial volunteer corps with three officers, an ensign and 212 men on the march from Tyrol to the Netherlands followed on October 19.
In 1793, Duke Ludwig Eugen von Württemberg tried to delay the deployment of the troops to be provided by the Swabian Empire in favor of an understanding with France. In November 1794, the quartermaster of the Swabian Empire designated Oeffingen as the depot station of the dying Holy Roman Empire of the German nation and spared Württemberg at the expense of the village. At the same time, the 34th Transport Division with 4 officers, 86 men and 202 horses was billeted and ruined the farmers because there was no food left for their own cattle. Another haulage division of 28 men with 69 horses was billeted in February 1795, and troops were again stationed in Oeffingen in 1796. On July 17, 1796, Duke Friedrich Eugen von Württemberg concluded a separate armistice with France.
In the battle of Cannstatt on July 21, 1796, France triumphed against imperial troops, who then retreated towards Bavaria via Schwäbisch Gmünd and Nördlingen. From July 22nd to 24th, 1796, Saxon troops camped between Backnang and Maubach and demanded 1,800 loaves of bread from Oeffingen before they marched back to Saxony via Schwäbisch Hall and Fürth. Duke Friedrich Eugen von Württemberg finally concluded a separate peace with France on August 7, 1796 in exchange for high war contributions. The imperial knighthood of the Swabian imperial circle followed. Austria considered the separate peace unconstitutional and treated the Swabian Reichskreis like an enemy, Wuerttemberg pushed passages, billeting and leader obligations from its territory to Oeffingen.
On November 17, 1799, the Oberamtmann von Waiblingen ordered a troop officer from the Austrian Anspach cuirassiers to billet in Oeffingen instead of Waiblingen. In 1801 retreating French troops were billeted in the village. The community and residents were impoverished, which is why the Augsburg Cathedral Chapter took over the repayment of a loan from the community of 643 guilders. From 1790 to 1800 a total of 9.3 t of oats, 7.417 t of flour and 14.588 t of hay were withdrawn from the village as a result of billeting. A two-in-hand carriage and 28 times a four-in-hand carriage had to be provided 148 times. A total of 178,650 t of goods were transported.
In 1801, in the Peace of Lunéville , Napoléon enabled the dissolution of the ecclesiastical principalities, including the Augsburg bishopric and the Augsburg cathedral monastery , the landlady and local lord of Oeffingen. With the secularization of Bavaria, the Bavarian Prime Minister Maximilian von Montgelas set a keystone in the formation of a territorial state. Due to the Reichsdeputation Hauptschluss , the Hochstift and Domstift Augsburg and Oeffingen fell legally to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1803. In 1808 Oeffingen bought the Schlössle from the Kingdom of Bavaria for 1490 guilders (silver equivalent 14.548 thousand grams).
In 1809 Austria again waged war against France as the intended prelude to an uprising against Napoléon. For the first time French troops, 33 officers, 1897 men with 832 horses were quartered in Oeffingen. They were French cuirassiers, hussars, light cavalry, dragoons and infantrymen. In addition to the food on the march, consisting of meat and bread, those billeted received 3633 kg of oats (41 bushels), 2772 kg of hay (47 Württemberg quintals) and 2869 kg of straw (59 Württemberg quintals). Another 30 wagons and 61 horses had to be provided for pre-tensioning services.
In 1810, Württemberg, which had meanwhile been elevated to a kingdom by Napoléon, acquired the market town of Oeffingen as part of a border adjustment from Bavaria. For the first time in 441 years, Oeffingen belonged to Württemberg again, which had developed from a feudal association into a state. The kingdom, in turn, later became a member of the German Confederation founded in 1815.
1809/1810 Oeffingen experienced the second billeting of Napoleonic troops with 33 officers, 1897 men and 832 horses. They were supposed to put down the Austrian attempt to revolt against Napoleon. The billeting and the impoverishment of the village left a deep aversion to France among the villagers; the enthusiasm for Napoléon as a designer of progress in society and politics could not reach the village population because of the famine.
Individual evidence
- ^ Anton Plappert, Oeffingen im Wandel, Oeffingen 1952, 75 - 82