Imperial city of Dinkelsbühl

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Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Imperial city of Dinkelsbühl
coat of arms
Dinkelsbühl St Georg 3694 cropped.jpg
map
Territory of the imperial city of Dinkelsbühl (1789)
Form of rule Imperial city
Ruler / government magistrate
Today's region / s DE-BY
Parliament Swabian city bank
Reichskreis Swabian Empire
Capitals / residences Dinkelsbühl
Denomination / Religions Roman Catholic , after 1548: Simultaneum
Language / n German


Incorporated into 1802/1803 Kurbaiern


The imperial city of Dinkelsbühl was a direct imperial territory of the Holy Roman Empire , whose independence took place in several stages of development during the 13th to 14th centuries and which existed until 1802/1803.

history

The beginnings of the city's history

The town of Dinkelsbühl was founded before 1188, whereby an existing settlement on the right bank of the Wörnitz was included. The city was part of the Hohenstaufen house ownership and was able to gain extensive independence in the course of the 13th century. The achievement of complete imperial freedom began with the granting of Ulm city charter in 1305 , continued through the free election of judges granted in 1351 and 1355 and ended with the achievement of blood jurisdiction in 1398 .

Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

The independence of the city was at times endangered in the 13th and 14th centuries because it had been pledged several times to the Counts of Oettingen . The efforts of the Counts of Oetting to take possession of the sovereign rights over Dinkelsbühl could only be permanently eliminated in 1351. In that year, the city finally managed to buy itself free from the pledge . The second threat to Dinkelsbühl were the regional court claims that the margraves of the Hohenzollern principality of Ansbach raised on the territory of the imperial city. This source of conflict could never be removed and lasted until the end of the old empire. Mainly because of these claims, the imperial city of Dinkelsbühl turned to the Swabian imperial circle and was registered with it, although it had many similarities with the five imperial cities of the Franconian imperial circle . At the perennial Reichstag she was represented on the Swabian bank of the Imperial City Council.

Inner development and age of the Reformation

The old town hall of Dinkelsbühl

In 1387 the guilds succeeded in asserting their acceptance into the city regiment of Dinkelsbühl. The associated rights were severely curtailed in 1552 when Emperor Charles V made substantial changes to the constitutions of the imperial cities .

The Reformation was able to gain influence in Dinkelsbühl before 1524, but initially suffered a considerable setback due to the German Peasants' War . After 1530, Lutheran teaching was able to regain ground and in 1548 the Augsburg Interim was finally introduced. The associated regulations were retained even after the Peace of Augsburg in 1555 and led to long-lasting conflicts between the city council, who remained Catholic, and the Protestant citizens, which lasted into the 18th century.

The end of the imperial city

As a result of the Reichsdeputation Hauptschluss , the imperial city was forcibly taken possession of by Kurbaiern in 1802/1803 , but was handed over to the Prussian Ansbach-Bayreuth as early as 1804 as part of a compensation agreement . Together with the entire Principality of Ansbach, it was taken over again by the newly formed Kingdom of Bavaria through the Peace of Pressburg and the Treaty of Brno in 1805/1806 . The areas to the west of today's Bavarian state border fell to the Kingdom of Württemberg with the border treaty between Bavaria and Württemberg in 1810 and are now part of Baden-Württemberg .

Territorial inventory

The imperial city had only rudimentarily managed to form its own territorial property. Their territory mainly comprised a core area around the city, which stretched from Wört in the southwest to Sulzach in the northeast. This included a larger exclave around the town of Tribur located north of it , as well as a few smaller exclaves as a free float, which were northwest and south of Dinkelsbühl. The sovereignty over this area was not clearly defined in the modern constitutional sense, but consisted of a mixture of different rights, as was usual in the old empire. These were among other things the blood jurisdiction , the lower jurisdiction outside the Etter , the church sovereignty , the tax sovereignty and the village and community rule. The largest neighboring territories of the imperial city of Dinkelsbühl were the principality of Ansbach in the north and northeast, the county of Oettingen in the southeast and the prince provost of Ellwangen in the southwest.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Gerhard Taddey (Hrsg.): Lexicon of German history. Events, institutions, people. From the beginning to the surrender in 1945. 3rd edition. Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-81303-3 .
  2. ^ Sigmund Benker, Andreas Kraus (ed.): History of Franconia up to the end of the 18th century . 3. Edition. Beck, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-406-39451-5 , p. 717 .
  3. ^ Sigmund Benker, Andreas Kraus (ed.): History of Franconia up to the end of the 18th century . 3. Edition. Beck, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-406-39451-5 , p. 773 .
  4. ↑ Gertrud Diepolder : Bavarian History Atlas . Ed .: Max Spindler . Bayerischer Schulbuch Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-7627-0723-5 , p. 30 .
  5. ↑ Gertrud Diepolder : Bavarian History Atlas . Ed .: Max Spindler . Bayerischer Schulbuch Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-7627-0723-5 , p. 35 .