Bleach Lake
| Bleach Lake | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| The bleach lake | ||
| Geographical location | 700 meters south of Löwenstein in the Heilbronn district | |
| Tributaries | Mill moat | |
| Drain | Sulm | |
| Islands | no | |
| Location close to the shore | Heilbronn , Weinsberg | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 49 ° 5 '11.3 " N , 9 ° 22' 42.3" E | |
|
||
| Altitude above sea level | 368 m | |
| surface | 2 ha | |
| length | 240 m | |
| width | 130 m | |
| scope | 700 m | |
|
||
| The Mühlgraben feeding the lake | ||
The Bleichsee is a lake near Löwenstein in the Heilbronn district in northern Baden-Württemberg .
description
The artificial lake got its current name after a bleaching of cloth that existed there between 1775 and 1806 . It is located at an altitude of 368 m and is just under a kilometer south of the town of Löwenstein in a forest clearing on a plateau, the formerly known as the cherry plain . The valley of the Sulm lies between the plain and the town of Löwenstein , and the valley of the Buchbach, a tributary of the Schozach, extends south of the plain . The 240 m × 130 m large Bleichsee, which is held by dams, lies on the watershed between Sulm and Schozach, about 45 m above the Sulmtal and 40 m above the Buchbachtal. It is fed by a 500 to 600 m long canal ( Mühlgraben ), which directs all the water from the upper Buchbach, which flows southeast of the lake, into the lake, and drains into the Sulm, which flows past northeast. The Buchbach forms again below the discharge point from tributaries. About 1.5 km west of the Bleichsee above the Buchbach valley lies the hamlet of Vorhof, which belongs to the Untergruppenbach district of Unterheinriet .
history
The Lords of Heinriet , attested since the 12th century, were resident in the immediate vicinity of the lake; their Hohenriet Castle stood in today's hamlet Vorhof, the former Burgweiler. In the immediate vicinity of the castle there were (mentioned in a document from 1364) other settlements such as Buch (with seven fish ponds in the rear Buchbach valley ), Schmellenhof (north of the castle on the plain between Sulm and Buchbachtal) and Franswiler . Presumably the lake was created on behalf of the Heinrieter in order to be able to operate a mill, which could have been located on the southeast corner of the lake, where the terrain slopes down to the Sulmtal. This mill may have been identical to a mill from Franswiler mentioned in 1364 . The lords of Heinriet owned other mills, which were either some distance from their castle (mill near Espenweiler at the confluence of the Buchbach and Farnersberger Bach) or close, but around 100 m deeper in the valley (mill near Tonaresweiler below Hohenriet Castle ) and were therefore more difficult to reach. A mill at the same altitude as the castle and castle hamlet and in the immediate vicinity, on the other hand, could be reached much more easily. A construction of the lake as a fish pond seems just as unlikely in view of the effort and the nearby fish ponds in the Buchbachtal as a later construction of the lake by the Counts of Löwenstein , who were owners of the Heinriet estate from 1364, but already owned three mills in the Sulmtal directly near Löwenstein (Upper mill, middle mill and sea mill).
In an enumeration of the goods of the Counts of Löwenstein, two lakes on the cherry plain were mentioned for the first time in 1592 , a large lake and a small lake, between which there was a cherry orchard that gave the plain its name. In 1775 there was only one lake left, which the Löwenstein merchant Johann Georg Schmidgall and the associated 23 acres of land leased from the Counts of Löwenstein for 30 years. Together with the Heilbronn merchant Heinrich August Zobel, he had a fulling mill built on the southern corner of the lake next to a dwelling for a bleacher , where the two cloths were bleached and milled . The lease, initially 100 guilders per year, was soon increased to 130 guilders, which suggests that business is doing well. After the thirty-year lease expired in 1806, the contract was not extended because of the "unsettled times". The fulling mill was broken off, but the name Bleichsee , which emerged during this time , was retained.
literature
- Werner Heim : On the history of the Bleichsee . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . Volume 24, No. 8 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, August 1977, ZDB -ID 128017-X , p. I-III .
- 700 years of the city of Löwenstein 1287–1987. A homeland and non-fiction book . City of Löwenstein, Löwenstein 1987.
- Topographic map 1:25 000 . Sheet 6922 desert red. 8th edition. State survey office Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-89021-071-6 .